• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2008

Lectin protein and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein of mature soybean seed are a main antinutritional factor in soybean seed. The Le gene controls a lectin protein and Ti gene controls the KTI protein in soybean. Ti locus has been located on linkage group 9 in the classical linkage map of soybean. Position of Le locus on linkage map was not identified. Genetic relationship between Ti locus and Le locus could be useful in soybean breeding program for the genetic elimination of these factors. The objective of this study was to determine the independent inheritance or linkage between Ti locus and Le locus in soybean seed. Two $F_2$ populations were developed from three parents (Gaechuck#1, T102, and PI548415). The $F_1$ seeds from Gaechuck#1 (titiLeLe) ${\times}$ T102 (TiTilele) and Gaechuck#1 (titiLeLe) ${\times}$ PI548415 (TiTilele) were obtained. The lectin and KTI protein were analysed from $F_2$ seeds harvested from the $F_1$ plants to find independent assortment or linkage between Ti locus and Le locus. The segregation ratios of 3 : 1 for Le locus (129 Le_ : 44 lele) and Ti locus (132 Ti_ : 41 titi) and were observed. The segregation ratios of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (95 Le_Li_ : 34 Le_titi: 37 leleTi_ : 7 leletiti) between Le gene and Ti gene in $F_2$ seeds were observed. This data showed that Ti gene was inherited independently with the Le gene in soybean. These results will be helpful in breeding program for selecting the line with lacking both KTI and lectin protein in soybean.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-27
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze satisfaction and repurchase intention at the website of overseas direct purchase by customers characteristics and Site characteristics. There are two independent variables, one of the variable is customer characteristics that defined innovativeness, perceived risk, benefit recognition and shopping orientation. The other variable is site characteristics that defined assortment of stock, convenience, trust, customer service. This research results show that customers characteristics including perceived risk, and benefit recognition effect on customer's satisfaction and the site characteristics such as assortment of stock, trust, customer service are significantly influence on customer's satisfaction. Lastly, analysis on how customer's satisfaction influences on repurchase was verified.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of fashion information source and the consumer dissatisfaction factors in the purchase and use of clothing, and to explain the relationships between the use of fashion information source and the consumer dissatisfaction factors of young man. For the study, data were collected from 254 freshman, 258 male seniors, and 229 unmarried male workers using the questionaire method. The data from 741 respondents were analyzed by Pearson's Product-moment coefficient corrleation, ANOVA, T-TEST, and Scheff Test. The results of the study are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in the use of information source such as. 1) according to the group, the impersonal advocate source, and the impersonal independent source. 2) according to the job, the impersonal advocate source. 2. There were significant differences in the consumer dissstisfaction factor such as. 1) according to the group, the "product assortment" related factor. 2) According to the job, the "quality" related factor. 3. There were partly significant relationships between the use of information source and consumer dissatisfaction factor. 1) In the young men, the use of the impersonal advocate source, impersonal independent source, personal independent source, and observation had correlated with the dissatisfaction factor related to "purchase-decision making".

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.24-41
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• 2012

Objectives: This study reviewed research trends concerning the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and to suggest future research directions appropriate to medical circumstances in Korea. Methods: We searched for surveys of CAM use in 8 databases including 6 Korean databases, Ovid MEDLINE, and the CINAHL electronic database. Three independent reviewers working in pairs screened titles and abstracts of articles for eligibility. Full text was retrieved in case of disagreement on the eligibility. The main analysis targets included survey researcher's affiliation, terminology used in the title, study subject, definition of CAM, classifications of CAM modalities, and the area assortment of CAM and traditional Korean medicine (TKM). Results: 92 articles were included for analysis. The major constituent of affiliation was doctors (53%). According to years, study subjects were diversified to a large range of diseases. Since 2003, terminology is absorbed to use CAM. But actually, the most commonly used definition in the research was comprehensive such as "not generally considered part of major medicine" (55.4%) and the most used classification of CAM was self-criteria (61.9%). As for area assortment of CAM and TKM, many therapies exist in a gray zone between CAM and TKM. Conclusions: Standardized definition and classification criteria about CAM fit to the Korean healthcare system have not yet developed. For traditional Korean medicine academia, more concern should be paid to establishing appropriate development of definitions and classification criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.760-771
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• 2000

The main objective of this study were to develop the scale for measuring service quality and to identify the differences of service quality among apparel store types(department store, fashion specialty store and national brand independent store). Data were collected from 463 subjects who finished their shopping with a self-administered questionnaire. The results were as follows; 1. As a result of factor analysis, seven dimensions were identified for service quality: VMD, store atmosphere, pleasant enviornment, product assortment, store policy, salesperson's assurance, and salesperson's responsiveness dimensions. The first five dimensions and the last two dimensions were corresponded to store service and sales service respectively. Those dimensions explained 56.56% of service quality. Especially the salesperson's assurance had the most explaining power. 2. The fashion specially store was evaluated as the highest in five dimensions of store service, whereas the department store was evaluated as the lowest in the pleasant environment dimension. 3. Store policy, salesperson's assurance, store atmosphere, and VMD dimensions explained 38% of store satisfaction.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.8.1-8.3
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• 2013

Unlike the traditional view, it is not mysterious about how G. Mendel chose the seven characters of the pea, Pisum sativum, that he studied. He first chose the pea that met three conditions he set up and repeated experiments for two years. Apparently, he knew that those characters were controlled by countable elements. Then, he derived the prediction on the basis of his idea about the elements, and selected the seven characters that satisfied the prediction. He knew "no prediction no science". In population genetics the Hardy-Weinberg principle is well known and cited in many papers and books. However, Mendel already derived the same principle in his paper, because he was acquainted also with physics and mathematics. Actually, the principle was trivial when they derived, but not at all when Mendel did. It is also well known that Mendel's laws were forgotten and rediscovered at the term of the 19th century. That may not be true either. His laws were internationally well known before the rediscovery. In fact, the 1881-year version of the Encyclopedia Britannica contains his laws.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

Purpose - The goals of this study are the following. First, this study focused on customer satisfaction of in-flight service. Specifically, in-flight duty free items were considered because of their potential value related with the differentiated strategy of airline companies. Second, this study analyzed feasible strategies that would fence off the aversive attitudes of consumers toward innovation regarding in-flight duty free items. Third, this study strived to discover implicit routes related with the reactions of of consumers to innovation. Fourth, the construal level theory was applied to the context of in-flight service. Psychological distance is expected to promote acceptance of innovation for duty free items. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consisted of three experiments. All data were collected through the participation of university students. First, the experiment employed a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was temporal distance (long vs. short of navigation time). The second independent variable was innovativeness (innovative duty free items vs. typical items). Further, experiment 2 involved a 2×2 between-subject design. The first independent variable was social distance (typical vs. atypical stewardess image). The second was innovativeness that was based on a pattern similar to that of the prior experiment. The third experiment involved a 2×2×2 design. The first and second independent variables were temporal distance and item innovation, respectively, based on the method of experiment 1. The third independent variable was cognitive depletion (depletion vs. control condition). Results - Experiment 1 demonstrated that the innovation of duty free items would need to consider the journey time of the airline. Specifically, innovative items were preferred in case of a long journey; typical items, however, were liked in a short journey. Further, experiment 2 demonstrated that, in spite of a short journey, innovative items would be preferred if an atypical stewardess was serving. An atypical stewardess was linked with social distance, and the psychological effects would activate a creative and flexible mindset that would fit with innovative duty free items. The final experiment was accomplished for the examination of cognitive processing of psychological distance on innovation-acceptance. Specifically, if the effects were related with systematic processing, then cognitive effort would be needed. In contrast, if they were related with heuristic processing, then such efforts would not be required. The same pattern appeared under both cognitive depletion and control condition; therefore, the effects of psychological distance were implied to be heuristic processing. Conclusions - Managers need to consider the navigation time, stewardess concepts, and depletion of consumers as important factors for innovative strategy regarding in-flight service. Longer journeys are more successful for innovative trials. Further, a more atypical stewardess image is more successful for atypical service. Long navigation and unfamiliar stewardesses may activate creative and flexible thinking. Further, cognitive depletion of consumers is not a dominant factor of psychological distance effects, because the effects are not related with systematic processing, but with heuristic processing.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of store attributes of Korean consumers and to analyze it's influence on consumer satisfaction in duty free stores which gain ground inch by inch in the distribution chanel. And it is to find discriminative result as compared with foreign consumer. Research design, data, and methodology - Subjects for the quantitative study, quota sampling was adopted in the Lotte, Shilla downtown and airport duty free stores from the first to 15^th December 2016 and 177 questionnaires from Koreans who had purchasing experience in off line duty free store were analyzed. The data was analyzed by using factor and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, the independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. To test consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. Results - The result were as follows; 1. Korean consumers consider the importance of store attributes in duty free stores in order Product, Economic Feasibility, Convenience, Promotion, and Accessibility. 2. The meaningful impactive factors of duty free store attributes on consumer satisfaction turned out Product and Promotion. 3. These results show meaningful distinction between Koreans and foreigners in terms of consumer satisfaction in duty free stores. Conclusions - A marketer who is working for duty free store consider now that price benefit can not give strong impact to Korean consumers more and should concentrate on various brand assortment even including private brand. In terms of promotion, most duty free shops put special stress on foreign consumer's wants now as highly increasing of Chinese travelers but Korean consumer's sales portion and number of visitor also are steadily increasing. Therefore, a duty free marketer should prepare the Korean-oriented services with more enhanced promotion strategies for individual and group travellers, for example, a mileage service, VIP room and social network system to satisfy Korean consumers. In order to get satisfaction from Korean consumers, it makes effort on product and promotion than accessibility, price and convenience. Due to high level influence, further study is needed to enlarge to on-line market and to develop private brands for duty free stores.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.93-105
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• 2013

Purpose - This empirical analysis determines the structured causal relations between perceived value, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention among users of traditional markets. The results of this analysis would help merchants and market operators indevisingan appropriate strategy to successfully manage traditional markets. Research design, data, methodology - The perceived value model of traditional markets includes functional value (price), functional value (quality), emotional value, and social value. In this study, the perceived value of traditional markets is considered as an independent variable, while customer satisfaction and repurchase intention are shown as the dependent variables, where customer satisfaction is also considered as the mediating variable. The study aims to ascertain the extent of influence of the perceived value of traditional markets on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. We use regression analysis to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, we made some modifications. We distributed questionnaires to 300 consumers on a national scale, and finally used 241 consumer responses among these as a sample. We analyzed the data using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Results - We obtained the following results. First, the order of perceived value dimensions of traditional markets that positively impact customer satisfaction is functional value (price), social value, emotional value, and functional value (quality). Second, the perceived value sometimes directly affects repurchase intention; its effect is typically strong with customer satisfaction as a parameter. The order of perceived value dimensions that positively impact repurchase intention is social value, functional value (price), emotional value, and functional value (quality). Third, the perceived value significantly influences repurchase intention, with customer satisfaction as the mediating variable. Conclusions - We should recognize the importance of perceived value in retail distribution markets, such as traditional markets. Moreover, we need to develop strategies to improve the perceived value. The practical implications of the study are as follows. First, with regards to functional value (quality; price) dimensions, we should have an appropriate assortment of high quality products that are reasonably priced. In addition, customers are satisfied with the friendly service, discounts, and other benefits provided by the merchants. Second, in terms of emotional value dimension, we need to develop differentiated events that provide fun and emotional experience to the customers. Third, in the context of social values dimension, we should strive to positively influence society to enhance social image through activities such as social services and contribution to community development. On the basis of these results, we present the implications, limitations, and future directions for the research. One of the policy implications of the study is that merchants of traditional markets must actively select customers and develop customer value. However, this study is limited in the fact that the population used for data collection is not fully representative, as the survey only covered some specific areas. Moreover, future studies could also benefit with additional research using moderating variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1982

Megagametophyte and embryo tissue of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of glutamate-oxalate transaminase(GOT) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and linkage relationship among isozyme loci coding both enzymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. Four zones of activity were observed for GOT. No variation was found in the fastest migrating zone (GOT-A). Electrophoretic phenotypes of the other two zones (GOT-B and GOT-C) showed 1:1 segregation ration, suggesting that each zone is controlled by a single locus. Foru and three alleles were identified at both loci respectively. The isozyme pattern of the fourth zone(GOT-D), migrated cathodally, coincided precisely with that of GOT-C. Whether the two zones are controlled by the same locus or by two tightly linked loci remained unknown. In all three variant GOT zones, heterozygoes embryos produced triple band patterns, indicating that GOT isozyme in Pinus densiflora is a dimer. Two zones of activity stained for LAP were found. The segregation of the two zones (LAP-A and LAP-B) suggested that tow loci control each of both isozymes. Two and three alleles were identified at both loci. GOT-B and LAP-B were found to be tightly linked, showing an average recombination frequency of 12.5 percent. Slight deviation from independent assortment was observed between GOT-B and GOT-C, with recombination frequency of 41 percent.