• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.5 s.347
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

We propose a low noise broadband light source (BLS) and investigate a cost-effective wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for the convergence of broadcasting and data service. The proposed BLS is used for an injection light of wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (F-P LD) and helps the color-free operation of dense WDM-PON (DWDM-PON). In addition, we apply this BLS to a optical source for overlay of digital broadcasting channel on the WDM-PON.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2001

An on-farm trial was conducted in temperature-controlled lactation rooms at a commercial pig farm to investigate the efficacy of broadcasting sow suckling grunts from day 4 of lactation, on increasing piglet growth to weaning. In the Broadcast treatment, sows and litters were exposed to a 3-min broadcast from loud-speakers every 42 min. The Control treatment was not exposed to the broadcast. All sows and litters had similar husbandry and piglets were provided with creep feed on the floor twice daily. In each of the three replicates in time, the Broadcast and Control treatments were allocated to different lactation rooms at random and there were 12 sows and litters per treatment per replicate. A total of four identical lactation rooms were available for the trial, each containing 28 conventional sow and litter crates with piglet heater in the creep area. A non-trial room separated the two treatment rooms in each replicate to minimise the chance that the broadcast grunt stimulation was audible to the Control treatment litters. Five "normal and average-looking" piglets from the trial litters were weighed twice, 7 d apart. The cohort of five piglets was identified by ear-tags and formed the experimental unit for the statistical analysis. The average (${\pm}SD$) age of piglets at initial weighing was 7.7(${\pm}2.22$) days. For each litter, mean piglet live weight at day 14 of lactation was estimated by linear regression of the two weights recorded seven days apart, when on average, the Broadcast treatment had been exposed to the stimulation for 10 days. Piglets in the Broadcast treatment were heavier (p<0.01) at day 14 of lactation compared to Control treatment (4.24 and 3.92 kg, respectively) and tended to have a greater average daily weight gain over the 7-d period (245 and 228 g/day, respectively; p<0.08). The results suggest piglet growth was improved by about 8% in response to the regular, timed broadcast of sow suckling grunts in the lactation shed. The independent contributions of milk and creep feed to the improved growth remain to be determined.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 2016

Introduction: Geriatric depression is one of the significant mental health issues for older people. This descriptive study aimed to investigate the correlation between selected factors and depression among older people, living in homes for the aged in the western part of Thailand. Methods: 107 older people, living in two homes for the aged of the western part of Thailand were recruited to the study, using cluster sampling. Three questionnaires, including the Barthel Index Activity of Daily living (BADL), the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS), and personal characteristics, perceived health status, chronic diseases, family relationship, and recent grief and loss experience were used. The quality of all questionnaires, especially the reliability of BADL, TGDS, and selected factors (e.g., health factors) were 0.95, 0.93, and 0.72 respectively. After finishing data collection, percentages, medians, and Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U were used to analyze the data. Results and discussion: The results revealed that nearly half (41.1%) of older people suffered from depression. Furthermore, income, perceived health status, and Barthel ADL index were significantly negatively associated with depression at p<0.01; whereas, the number of chronic diseases was significantly positively associated with depression at p<0.05. Conclusion: results on the correlation may guide the practice in the future. For example, the officers or health care providers in homes for the aged should encourage older people to be independent, improve their perceived health status, increase health promoting behaviors to prevent or delay chronic illnesses, or increase older people incomes by promoting the appropriate occupation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2049-2057
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• 2015

Various salt concentrations (1.0%, 1.3%, 1.6%, 1.9%, and 2.1% labeled as sample A, B, C, D, and E, respectively) were investigated for microbial diversity, identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in salted kimchi cabbage, prepared under laboratory conditions. These samples were stored at 4°C for 5 weeks in proper aluminum-metalized pouch packaging with calcium hydroxide gas absorber. A culture-independent method known as polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to identify LAB distributions among various salt concentration samples that had identified 2 Weissella (W. confusa and W. soli), 1 Lactobacillus (Lb. sakei), and 3 Leuconostoc (Lc. mesenteroides, Lc. lactis, and Lc. gelidum) in the overall kimchi samples. The pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, and coliform counts were not affected by salt variations. In order to assess sensory acceptance, the conducted sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale had revealed that samples with 1.3% salt concentration (lower than the manufacturer's regular salt concentration) was more preferred, indicating that the use of 1.3% salt concentration was acceptable in normal kimchi fermentation for its quality and safety. Despite similarities in pH, titratable acidity, viable cell counts, coliform counts, and LAB distributions among the various salt concentrations of kimchi samples, the sample with 1.3% salt concentration was shown to be the most preferred, indicating that this salt concentration was suitable in kimchi production in order to reduce salt intake through kimchi consumptions.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.370-379
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of self-care adherence in the elderly with diabetes mellitus (DM) who have lived alone, and to investigate the association between health literacy, diabetic knowledge and self-care adherence. Methods: Descriptive research using the cross-sectional approach was conducted. Data was collected by using a convenience sampling of 201 participants who aged sixty-five years old or more and have lived alone. Statistical analysis was conducted by using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: Mean scores of health literacy, diabetic knowledge and adherence of self-care were $4.41{\pm}3.54$ points out of a possible $12, 6.22{\pm}2.55$ points out of a possible $15, 58.56{\pm}17.28$ points out of a possible 112, respectively. Adherence of self-care showed a statistical association with health literacy (r=.26, p<.001) and diabetic knowledge (r=.30, p<.001). Statistically significant factors in the regression model were monthly income, diabetic knowledge and exercise. Conclusion: The level of self-care adherence in the elderly with diabetes living alone was relatively low. Diabetic knowledge was an important factor to improve the level of self-care adherence for the elderly with diabetes living alone.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing on performance of preventive actions to be exposed to infection in emergency nurses. Methods: Participants were 200 emergency nurses working in a regional emergency medical center, 4 local emergency medical centers, and 5 local emergency medical facilities in B city. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$'s test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0 programs. Results: There was no difference in performance of preventive actions to be exposed to infection by socio-demographic and job-related characteristics. The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that levels of perception of preventive actions to be exposed to infection (${\beta}$=.40, p<.001) and protective environment on exposure to infection (${\beta}$=.22, p<.001) were significantly associated with performance of preventive actions, explaining 26.3% of the variance. Conclusion: In conclusion, improving performance of preventive actions to be exposed to infection is important to protect emergency nurses from exposure to infection. Thus, efforts to enhance protective environment on exposure to infection and to improve perceptions of preventive actions to be exposed to infection are necessary to improve the performance of preventive actions in emergency nurses.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.335-339
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of the present study was to compare scanning trueness and precision between an abutment impression and a stone model according to dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) evaluation standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS. To evaluate trueness, the abutment impression and stone model were scanned to obtain the first 3-dimensional (3-D) stereolithography (STL) file. Next, the abutment impression or stone model was removed from the scanner and re-fixed on the table; scanning was then repeated so that 11 files were obtained for each scan type. To evaluate precision, the abutment impression or stone model was scanned to obtain the first 3-D STL file. Without moving it, scanning was performed 10 more times, so that 11 files were obtained for each scan type. By superimposing the first scanned STL file onto the other STL files one by one, 10 color-difference maps and reports were obtained; i.e., 10 experimental scans per type. The independent t-test was used to compare root mean square (RMS) data between the groups (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The $RMS{\pm}SD$ values of scanning trueness of the abutment impression and stone model were $22.4{\pm}4.4$ and $17.4{\pm}3.5{\mu}m$, respectively (P<.012). The $RMS{\pm}SD$ values of scanning precision of the abutment impression and stone model were $16.4{\pm}2.9$ and $14.6{\pm}1.6{\mu}m$, respectively (P=.108). CONCLUSION. There was a significant difference in scanning trueness between the abutment impression and stone model, as evaluated according to dental CAD/CAM standards. However, all scans showed high trueness and precision.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-439
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the status of psychological health among boys in high school and to examine the mediating effects of social support on the relationship between anger and entrapment on psychological health. Methods: The participants in this study were 193 high school boys from Jeju. Measurements included state-trait anger expression inventory, entrapment scale, student social support scale, and questionnaires to assess mental and physical health. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS 21.0. Mediation analysis was performed with the Baron and Kenny's method, and Sobel test. Results: Mean scores for anger experience, entrapment, social support, and psychological health were $29.81{\pm}7.34$, $34.09{\pm}16.33$, $45.75{\pm}7.02$, $22.51{\pm}9.91$, respectively. There was a significant correlation between anger experience and psychological health. Entrapment was significantly correlated with psychological health. Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between anger experience and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=54.18. p<.001). Social support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between entrapment and psychological health (Sobel test: Z=2.24. p=.025). Conclusion: The results indicate a need to develop social support programs for boys in high school.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Self Efficacy Promotion and Exercise Training Program to decrease anxiety and depression and to increase the quality of life for kidney transplant recipients. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent renal transplant at three major transplantation hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The observed subjects in this study consisted of 56 patients who had renal transplantations between one to twelve months prior to this study. The patients did not take any regular physical exercise. This study was carried out between November, 1999 and March, 2000. The study groups were divided into 3 groups; exercise training group (n=16), self efficacy group (n=18) and control group (n=22). The exercise training group received self efficacy promotion and exercise training program for 12 weeks. The self efficacy group received self efficacy promotion education, but no exercise training was given. The control group was not offered any education. The anxiety, depression and quality of life were evaluated 3 times, before the experiment, after 8 weeks and after 12 weeks. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, ANOVA and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. The results were as follows: 1. After the experiment, anxiety and depression scores of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were more significantly decreased than those of the control group (p=.05). 2. After the experiment, the quality of life score of the exercise training group and self efficacy group were more significantly increased than those of the control group (p=.05). This study showed that the Self Efficacy and Exercise Training Programs were effective. Therefore, it is expected that the Self Efficacy Promotion and Exercise Training Program could be widely applied as an effective independent nursing intervention to decrease anxiety and depression and to increase quality of life for kidney transplant recipients.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2016

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid hormones required for cell elongation, plant growth, development and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. BRs are recognized by BRI1 receptor kinase that is localized in the plasma membrane, and the BRI1 protein will eventually autophosphorylate in the intracellular domain and transphosphorylate BAK1, which is a co-receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known of the role OsBRI1 receptor kinase plays in Oryza sativa, monocotyledonous plants, compared to that in Arabidopsis thaliana, dicotyledonous plants. As such, we have studied OsBRI1 receptor kinase in vitro and in vivo with recombinant protein and transgenic plants, whose phenotypes were also investigated. A OsBRI1 cytoplasmic domain (CD) recombinant protein was induced in BL21 (DE3) E.coli cells with IPTG, and purified to obtain OsBRI1 recombinant protein. Based on Western blot analysis with phospho-specific pTyr and pThr antibodies, OsBRI1 recombinant protein and OsBRI1-Flag protein were phosphorylated on Threonine residue(s), however, not on Tyrosine residue(s), both in vitro and in vivo. This is particularly intriguing as AtBRI1 protein was phosphorylated on both Ser/Thr and Tyr residues. Also, the OsBRI1 full-length gene was expressed in, and rescued, bri1-5 mutants, such as is seen in normal wild-type plants where AtBRI1-Flag rescues bri1-5 mutant plants. Root growth in seedlings decreased in Ws2, AtBRI1, and 3 independent OsBRI1 transgenic seedlings and had an almost complete lack of response to brassinolide in the bri1-5 mutant. In conclusion, OsBRI1, an orthologous gene of AtBRI1, can mediate normal BR signaling for plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana.