• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2083-2087
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• 2014

Colorectal cancers remain to be a common cause of cancer-related death. Early-onset cases as well as those of various ethnic origins have aggressive clinical features, the basis of which requires further exploration. The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma of different ethnic origins. Fifty-five sporadic colorectal carcinoma of Egyptian origin, 25 of which were early onset, and 54 cancers of Finnish origin were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 proteins. Data were compared to the methylation status of the $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor. $p15^{INK4b}$ was totally lost or deficient (lost in ${\geq}50%$ of tumor cell) in 47/55 (85%) tumors of Egyptian origin as compared to 6/50 (12%) tumors of Finnish origin (p=7e-15). In the Egyptian cases with $p15^{INK4b}$ loss and available $p15^{INK4b}$ promotor methylation status, 89% of cases which lost $p15^{INK4b}$ expression were associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation. SMAD4 was lost or deficient in 25/54 (46%) tumors of Egyptian origin and 28/48 (58%) tumors of Finnish origin. 22/54 (41%) Egyptian tumors showed combined loss/deficiency of both $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4, while $p15^{INK4b}$ was selectively lost/deficient with positive SMAD4 expression in 24/54 (44%) tumors. Loss of $p15^{INK4b}$ was associated with older age at presentation (>50 years) in the Egyptian tumors (p=0.04). These data show for the first time that $p15^{INK4b}$ loss of expression marks a subset of colorectal cancers and ethnic origin may play a role in this selection. In a substantial number of cases, the loss was independent of SMAD4 but rather associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation and old age which could be related to different environmental exposures.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2017

Background: Police work is generally sedentary although there may be situations that require physical endurance and strength, such as foot chases and arresting suspects. Factors such as excessive body fat can impede an officer's physical ability to deal with such occurrences. Our objective was to examine associations between officers' body fat percentage (BF%) and performance on a standardized fitness protocol. Methods: Data were obtained from fitness screening among 1,826 male and 115 female officers in a large US police agency. The screening consisted of a 2.4-km run, push-ups, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach test. Sex-specific body fat percentages were estimated from skinfold thickness measured using calipers. Linear regression models were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted mean scores of fitness tests across BF% tertiles. Results: The prevalence of overall fitness was 4.3 times greater in male officers and 3.6 times greater in female officers having the lowest BF% tertile compared with the highest tertile (30.3% vs 7.1% and 46.0% vs 12.8%, respectively). BF% was linearly and positively associated with the time of 2.4-km run (p < 0.001), and linearly and inversely associated with the number of push-ups (p < 0.001), sit-ups (p < 0.001), and the distance of sit-and-reach (p < 0.001) in men. Similar associations were observed in women with the exception of sit-and-reach (p = 0.122). Associations were independent of age, race/ethnicity, rank, and duty station. Conclusion: Overall, BF% was inversely associated with fitness levels in male and female officers. Future longitudinal studies should be initiated to explore the potentially causal relationship between BF% and fitness in law enforcement officers.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1514-1524
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• 2021

Objective: To develop a radiomics risk score based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for prognosis prediction in patients with glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients (92 male [61.3%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.5 ± 13.5 years) with glioblastoma who underwent preoperative MRI were enrolled in the study. Six hundred and forty-two radiomic features were extracted from volume transfer constant (K^trans), fractional volume of vascular plasma space (V_p), and fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space (V_e) maps of DCE MRI, wherein the regions of interest were based on both T1-weighted contrast-enhancing areas and non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas. Using feature selection algorithms, salient radiomic features were selected from the 642 features. Next, a radiomics risk score was developed using a weighted combination of the selected features in the discovery set (n = 105); the risk score was validated in the validation set (n = 45) by investigating the difference in prognosis between the "radiomics risk score" groups. Finally, multivariable Cox regression analysis for progression-free survival was performed using the radiomics risk score and clinical variables as covariates. Results: 16 radiomic features obtained from non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas were selected among the 642 features identified. The radiomics risk score was used to stratify high- and low-risk groups in both the discovery and validation sets (both p < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The radiomics risk score and presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation showed independent associations with progression-free survival in opposite directions (hazard ratio, 3.56; p = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 0.34; p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion: We developed and validated the "radiomics risk score" from the features of DCE MRI based on non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas for risk stratification of patients with glioblastoma. It was associated with progression-free survival independently of IDH mutation status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the outcomes for patients are still poor. It is important to determine the original type of synchronous multinodular HCC for preoperative assessment and the choice of treatment therapy as well as for the prediction of prognosis after treatment. Aims: To analyze clinicopathologic characteristics and prognoses in patients with multicentric occurrence (MO) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM) of synchronous multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The study group comprised 42 multinodular HCC patients with a total of 112 nodules. The control group comprised 20 HCC patients with 16 single nodular HCC cases and 4 HCC cases with a portal vein tumor emboli. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region was sequenced, and the patients of the study group were categorized as MO or IM based on the sequence variations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the important clinicopathologic characteristics in the two groups. Results: In the study group, 20 cases were categorized as MO, and 22 as IM, whereas all 20 cases in the control group were characterized as IM. Several factors significantly differed between the IM and MO patients, including hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portal vein and/or microvascular tumor embolus and the histological grade of the primary nodule. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that cirrhosis and portal vein and/or microvascular tumor thrombus were independent factors differentiating between IM and MO patients. The tumor-free survival time of the MO subjects was significantly longer than that of the IM subjects ($25.7{\pm}4.8$ months vs. $8.9{\pm}3.1$ months, p=0.017). Similarly, the overall survival time of the MO subjects was longer ($31.6{\pm}5.3$ months vs. $15.4{\pm}3.4$ months, p=0.024). The multivariate analysis further demonstrated that the original type (p=0.035) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictors of tumor-free survival time. Cirrhosis (p=0.011), original type (p=0.034) and Child-Pugh grade (p<0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival time. Conclusions: HBeAg, cumulative tumor size, tumor nodule location, cirrhosis, portal vein and/or microvascular tumor embolus and histological grade of the primary nodule are important factors for differentiating IM and MO. MO HCC patients might have a favorable outcome compared with IM patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.432-443
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• 2010

이번 연구의 목적은 기존의 페이스 마스크와 변형된 페이스 마스크의 치아 및 골격적 효과를 평가하고자 III급 부정교합환에서 치료군과 비치료군을 비교하였다. 24명의 환자(여자: 13명, 남자: 11)로 구성된 기존의 페이스 마스크 그룹(Group 1, mean age, $9.2{\pm}1.4$ years)과 24명의 환자(여자: 12명, 남자: 12명)로 구성된 변형된 페이스 마스크(Group 2, mean age, $9.3{\pm}1.6$ years); 그리고 21 명(여자: 11 명, 남자: 10명)으로 구성된 대조군 그룹(Group 3, mean age, $9.8{\pm}1.9$ years)으로 분류하였다. 그룹 내 그룹 간에 치료군과 대조군을 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 그룹 내 비교는 비모수적인 방법의 Wilcoxon's test으로 그룹 간의 변화는 Kruskal-Wallis test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이후 그룹 간의 통계적인 유효성 검증을 위하여 Mann-Whitney test와 Bonferroni's correction 을 시행하였다 (p < 0.016). Group 1에서 SNB 변화가 대조군보다 적었다. SNA, ANB, SN-MP, A to N perp과 Upper lip to E plane이 증가하였다. Group 2에서는 SNB, U1-NA (mm) U1-NA ($^{\circ}$) and Pog to N perp (mm) 변화는 대조군보다 적었다. SNA, ANB, SN-MP, A to N perp과 Upper lip to E plane이 증가하였다. 변형된 페이스 마스크는 상악 열성장이 있는 III급 부정교합 환자에게 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 상악궁 확장을 동반한 페이스 마스크를 통하여 상악은 회전을 야기시키지 않고 전방으로 이동하였으며 모든 치료군에서 하악은 후하방으로 이동하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2016

본 연구는 다운증후군 위험도의 예측을 위해 통합선별검사를 실시한 산모를 대상으로, 각 표지자의 유의성에 대한 평가를 하였다. 초음파로 측정한 NT 영상, 산모혈청 PAPP-A, AFP, uE3, hCG, 인히빈 A의 상관성을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 NT, uE3, hCG, 인히빈 A와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.001). ROC분석에서 인히빈 A의 AUC가 0.851로 다운증후군의 가장 큰 예측인자로 분석되었으며. cut-off value 1.33 MoM(민감도 87.5%, 특이도 71.5%)으로 결정되었다. 결론적으로 통합선별검사에서 인히빈 A가 다운증후군을 예측하는 가장 유용한 인자로 나타났다. 이에 각 표지자(parameter)들의 cut-off value를 바탕으로 통합선별검사의 단점을 보완한다면 다운증후군 선별의 독립적인 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 1998

한국 토양에서 분리된 Xanthomonas sp.는 Candida albicans에 대한 용균성을 나타내며 분비효소로서 chitinase를 분비하는 것으로 사료되었다. 특히 chitinase활성은 chitin배지에서 배양했을 때 3일 배양에서 최대치를 나타내었다. 이러한 특성이 있는 Xanthomonas의 chitinase 유전자를 cloning하기 위하여 cosmid vector를 이용한 genomic library를 작성하였으며, 다른 박테리아 chitinase 유전자와 homology를 가진 지역의 DNA sequence를 oligonucleotide로 합성하여 probe로 사용한 결과 4개의 독립된 positive clone을 cloning 하였다. 이중 pXCHl(1.2 kb insert) 이라고 명명한 clone에 대해 해석한 결과 이 크론의 전사산물은 chitin 배지에서만 유도됨을 확인하였으며 대장균 발현 vector를 이용한 이 유전자의 대장균에서의 발현에 대한 실험의 결과 약 35 kDa의 단백질을 생산하는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 이 산물의 chitinase활성을 측정한 결과 유전자가 포함되지 않은 산물에 비해 약 10배의 활성을 나타내어 이 유전자를 Xanthomonas sp.의 chitinase유전자임을 증명하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2018

목적: 가와사키병이 있는 소아에서 진단 및 결과 예측에 있어서 Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ (BCG) 접종 부위 반응의 임상적 중요성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지 가와사키병으로 서울아산병원에 입원한 1,058명의 환자를 대상으로 각 연령대에서 BCG 부위 반응의 발생 빈도를 조사하였다. 이 중 생후 18개월 미만인 416명의 환자를 BCG 부위 반응과 실험실 및 임상소견들과의 연관성을 분석하기 위한 대상자들로 선정하였다. 분석은 완전형과 불완전형 발현 두 그룹으로 구분하여 수행되었다. 결과: 1,058명의 환자들을 관찰한 결과, BCG 부위 반응의 발생률은 생후 6-12개월(83%) 연령의 환자에게 가장 많았고, 12개월 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소했다(P<0.001). BCG 부위 반응은 생후 18개월 미만 환자의 70%이상에서 발생하였고, 경부 림프절 종대보다 빈발했다. 로지스틱 회귀분석결과, 결막염(P=0.781), 입술/구강의 변화 (P=0.963), 발진 (P=0.510), 경부 림프절 종대 (P=0.363), 사지 말단의 변화 (P=0.283) 및 관상 동맥류 (P=0.776)는 BCG 부위 반응과 관련이 없었다. 결론: BCG 부위 반응은 BCG 예방 접종을 받은 18개월 미만 소아에서 가와사키병의 주요 임상 소견과는 독립적으로 유용한 진단 도구가 될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 관상동맥 합병증 결과는 완전 가와사키병 및 불완전 가와사키병 모두에서 BCG 부위 반응이 있거나 없는 그룹간에 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권45호
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• pp.285.1-285.10
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• 2018

Background: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a feasible treatment option for high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). While patients may achieve undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after RARP, the risk of disease progression is relatively high. We investigated metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes and prognosticators in such patients. Methods: In a single-center cohort of 342 patients with high-risk PCa (clinical stage ${\geq}T3$, biopsy Gleason score ${\geq}8$, and/or PSA levels ${\geq}20ng/mL$) treated with RARP and pelvic lymph node dissection between August 2005 and June 2011, we identified 251 (73.4%) patients (median age, 66.5 years; interquartile range [IQR], 63.0-71.0 years) who achieved undetectable PSA levels (< 0.01 ng/mL) postoperatively. Survival outcomes were evaluated for the entire study sample and in groups stratified according to the time to biochemical recurrence dichotomized at 60 months. Results: During the median follow-up of 75.9 months (IQR, 59.4-85.8 months), metastasis occurred in 38 (15.1%) patients, most often to the bones, followed by the lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. The 5-year metastasis-free, cancer-specific, and OS rates were 87.1%, 94.8%, and 94.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed time to recurrence as an independent predictor of metastasis (P < 0.001). Time to metastasis was an independent predictor of OS (P = 0.003). Metastasis-free and CSS rates were significantly lower among patients with recurrence within 60 months of RARP (log-rank P < 0.001). Conclusion: RARP confers acceptable oncological outcomes for high-risk PCa. Close monitoring beyond 5 years is warranted for early detection of disease progression and for timely adjuvant therapy.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women worldwide, and therefore, improved approaches for its early detection are urgently needed. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in tumorigenesis and possess excellent stability in plasma, this study focused on using miRNAs to develop a method for identifying noninvasive biomarkers. Methods: To discover critical candidates, differential expression analysis was performed on tissue-originated miRNA profiles of 409 early breast cancer patients and 87 healthy controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We selected candidates from the differentially expressed miRNAs and then evaluated every possible molecular signature formed by the candidates. The best signature was validated in independent serum samples from 113 early breast cancer patients and 47 healthy controls using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The miRNA candidates in our method were revealed to be associated with breast cancer according to previous studies and showed potential as useful biomarkers. When validated in independent serum samples, the area under curve of the final miRNA signature (miR-21-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-99a-5p) was 0.895. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 97.9% and 73.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study established a novel and effective method to identify biomarkers for early breast cancer. And the method, is also suitable for other cancer types. Furthermore, a combination of three miRNAs was identified as a prospective biomarker for breast cancer early detection.