Pediatric Infection and Vaccine

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (대한소아감염학회)
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Clinical Significance of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin Site Reaction in Kawasaki Disease Patients Aged Less than 18 Months

  • Park, Sung Hyeon (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Yu, Jeong Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • You, Jihye (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Mi Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Eun Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Jun, Hyun Ok (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Baek, Jae Suk (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Young-Hwue (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Ko, Jae-Kon (Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.07.29
  • Accepted : 2018.09.18
  • Published : 2018.12.25
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ (BCG) site reaction in terms of diagnosis and outcome prediction in young children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: The incidence of BCG site reaction in the respective age ranges was investigated in 1,058 patients who were admitted at Asan Medical Center between January 2006 and February 2017. The 416 patients under 18 months of age were enrolled as subjects for the analysis of the association between BCG site reaction and other laboratory and clinical findings. The analysis was performed separately in complete and incomplete KD groups. Results: The incidence rate of BCG site reaction was peaked at 6-12 months (83%) and decreased with increasing age after 12 months in 1,058 patients (P<0.001). The incidence rate was above 70% in KD aged less than 18 months and more frequent than those of cervical lymphadenopathy. The logistic regression analyses showed that the principal clinical findings including conjunctivitis (P=0.781), red lips/oral mucosa (P=0.963), rash (P=0.510), cervical lymphadenopathy (P=0.363), changes in extremities (P=0.283) and the coronary artery aneurysm (P=0.776) were not associated with the BCG site reaction. Conclusions: The BCG site reaction could be a useful diagnostic tool independent to principal clinical findings in KD developing in children aged <18 months, who underwent BCG vaccination. Outcome of KD patients was not different between groups with or without the BCG site reaction in both complete KD and incomplete KD.

목적: 가와사키병이 있는 소아에서 진단 및 결과 예측에 있어서 Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ (BCG) 접종 부위 반응의 임상적 중요성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지 가와사키병으로 서울아산병원에 입원한 1,058명의 환자를 대상으로 각 연령대에서 BCG 부위 반응의 발생 빈도를 조사하였다. 이 중 생후 18개월 미만인 416명의 환자를 BCG 부위 반응과 실험실 및 임상소견들과의 연관성을 분석하기 위한 대상자들로 선정하였다. 분석은 완전형과 불완전형 발현 두 그룹으로 구분하여 수행되었다. 결과: 1,058명의 환자들을 관찰한 결과, BCG 부위 반응의 발생률은 생후 6-12개월(83%) 연령의 환자에게 가장 많았고, 12개월 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소했다(P<0.001). BCG 부위 반응은 생후 18개월 미만 환자의 70%이상에서 발생하였고, 경부 림프절 종대보다 빈발했다. 로지스틱 회귀분석결과, 결막염(P=0.781), 입술/구강의 변화 (P=0.963), 발진 (P=0.510), 경부 림프절 종대 (P=0.363), 사지 말단의 변화 (P=0.283) 및 관상 동맥류 (P=0.776)는 BCG 부위 반응과 관련이 없었다. 결론: BCG 부위 반응은 BCG 예방 접종을 받은 18개월 미만 소아에서 가와사키병의 주요 임상 소견과는 독립적으로 유용한 진단 도구가 될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 관상동맥 합병증 결과는 완전 가와사키병 및 불완전 가와사키병 모두에서 BCG 부위 반응이 있거나 없는 그룹간에 차이가 없었다.

Keywords

References

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  2. Diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease vol.63, pp.7, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.7.374