• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 세계 각국의 소득불평등이 심화되는 가운데 네덜란드와 덴마크는 어떻게 불평등이 증가하는 정도를 낮출 수 있었는지를 살펴보았다. 한국, 미국, 독일, 스웨덴과 비교하여 네덜란드와 덴마크의 불평등 수준과 추이는 어떠한지, 불평등 변화의 분해를 통해 이 국가들에서 불평등 변화에 영향을 미친 요인은 무엇인지를 밝혔다. 또한 네덜란드와 덴마크는 어떠한 노동시장정책을 통해 불평등을 완화하였는지를 탐색하였다. 네덜란드에서 근로소득 불평등이 완화된 중요한 원인 중의 하나는 자발적 시간제 노동의 증가를 통해 여성의 경제활동 참여가 증진되었기 때문이다. 여성들이 시간제 노동에 적극적으로 참여하게 된 배경에는 정규직과 비정규직 간의 동등한 대우를 통해 자신의 상황에 맞게 경제활동에 참여할 수 있는 제도적 여건을 마련한 것이 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 덴마크는 기술훈련 강화 등 적극적 노동시장 정책을 통해 저숙련, 저임금 근로자의 숙련도를 향상시켜 임금격차를 완화할 수 있었다. 네덜란드와 덴마크의 경험에 기반하여 이 연구에서는 한국의 소득 불평등을 완화하는 정책방향을 논의하였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.3-51
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• 2002

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Family Icome and Expenditure Survey(FIES). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the FIES covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate the simulated effects of the Philippine tax reform, which is called Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law, on household income and occupational choice. The study utilized the Family Income Expenditure Survey and tax collection as input to Computable General Equilibrium-Top Down Behavioral Microsimulation approach to determine the effect of Philippine tax reform on household income and occupational choice. The results of the study show that the household income in the Philippines will increase due to the implementation of the Philippine tax reform. Also, the study had found that tax reform results drive the household to shift from being farming entrepreneur to salaried workers since the utility derived from being workers is much higher compared to the utility derived from being entrepreneur. The findings of this research suggest that the Philippine Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law is beneficial to the household since their income would increase, which will further result to an increase in their capability to buy goods and services. However, the tax reform would also lead to imbalance between the distribution of numbers of workers across sectors such as entrepreneurial farming, entrepreneurial non-farming, and wage sector.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Objectives: Socioeconomic factors are one of the significant factors explaining drinking problems in our society. From the poverty and inequality perspective, not only absolute poverty but perceived level of poverty or inequality has a direct effect on one's health and health behaviors. The purpose of the study is to explore the growth trajectories of problem drinking in Korea in relation to poverty and perceived income. Methods: Data from 13,414 adults were analyzed using 4 years of data (2010 to 2014) from the Korea Welfare Panel. Main variables included poverty status, perceived income inequality, and problem drinking. A latent growth modeling was employed for the analysis. Results: The non-poverty group had higher initial level of problem drinking; however, the poverty group showed higher rate of increase in problem drinking rate. The perceived income inequality had no significant influence on the initial level, but over time, those with higher level of perceived income inequality showed higher rate of increase in problem drinking. Conclusions: Findings showed that poverty and inequality affect changes in problem drinking. Efforts to prevent and decrease problems related to alcohol should not only focus on changing individuals' behavior but also on decreasing the inequality gap.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 1984

This study aims to present basic data for a reasonable home management through investigating the change of home economy conditions incidental to the family life cycle, also through analyzing the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the family-life cycle. The data investigation using the questionnaires method was conducted on housewives in Seoul as the central census tract. Housewives as the subject of investigation were chosen by the method of the purpose-sampling in consideration of the regional differences and the socio-economical strata. Nine hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed to housewives but seven hundred questionnaires were collected. Only five hundred and ten questionnaires of them were analyzed in this study. The frequency and the percentage of collected data, first of all, were founded in order to grasp the general characteristics of the subject of investigation. To classify the stage of family life cycle, the correlations of the classifying factors among each group were examined x2 Test and One-Way ANOVA were applied to explore the differences among each stage of the change of household-economy. And the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the change of household- economy was analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. the conclusions derived from the results of this study are as follows; 1) The marriage-period and the educational conditions of the first child were selected as the classifying factors through analyzing correlation among the age, the marriage-period and the educational conditions of their children. As a result of this analysis, the family life cycle were classified into seven stages: Stage 1; Establishment Stage 2; Preschool family Stage 3; Elementary school family stage 6; Adult period family Stage7; Marriage period family . 2) The change of household economy incidental to the progress of family life cycle has a significant differences in all of variables (except the other member of family's income) Stage 1; Though the husband's income and the income from property are on a low level, the total income is on a high level due to the housewife's income. Stage 2; The total income is on a low level owing to the decrease of house wife's income, though the husband's income keep growing. Stage 3; Owing to the increase of husband's income, the cost of living as well as the total income keeps growing but the savings are on the decrease. Stage 4; Compared with Stage 3, the total income tends to be on a low level but the living expenses are on the increase. Stage 5; The husband's income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. The total income and the living expenses are on a high level. Stage 6; The income of husband and housewife are on the remarkable decrease but the children's income is on the increase. Stage 7; Owing to the increase of the children's income and the income from property, the total income is on the highest level in the stages of family life cycle. 3) Considering the effect of socio-anthropological variables on the conditions of household-economy, family system has an significant effect on children's income. the husband's occupation exerts a significant effect upon the housewife's and children's income. The husband's schooling exercises an effect upon the children's income. S.E.S has a important effect on the income of husband, housewife and children. From the above results, it is found that the change of household-economy conditions is incidental to the progress of family life cycle. Therefore, a suitable measure to cope with the desire of family and the conditions of household-economy should be prepared, in order to carry on a reasonable home management.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.630-639
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• 2004

Korean households' expenditures on foodservices are on the steady increase. This paper aims to examine the foodservice expenditures of salary and wage earners's households by income decile group. This is analysed through comparing foodservice expenditures with private education expenditures because households' expenditures are likely to be weighted in favor of eating-out rather than private education. We also model the consumption function in terms of income and price, examining the responsiveness of private education demand and eating-out demand to changes in income and price using econometric methods such as regression, rolling regression and impulse response. This paper show that foodservice demand increases more than the private education does in the long-run. The result indicates that households are likely to evaluate the desire for foodservice more important than private education contrary to our expectations in the long-run. The impulse response analysis, however, suggests that households tend to increase private education expenditures rather than eating-out expenditures in the short-run.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-27
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• 1996

It is very costly to construct transportation facilities such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and public parking lots mainly because land price is very high in metropolis like Seoul. Private car oweners use these facilities more extensively than public transportation users. However, the government does not impose proper charges for using these facilities. Such improper charge causes traffic congestion and then decreases social welfare in efficiency and equity. To solve problem, many traffic demand management policies are used. Traffic management policies which are currently used or under consideration by the City Government of Seoul include the imposition of road tolls, increase of parking fees in public parking lots, increase of gasoline taxes, expanded implementation of bus only lanes, and shippujae, which requires one(1) non-driving day for 10 calendar days. This study examined the impacts of such policies on the different income classes using simulation analysis. We found that the impacts of market-oriented policies such as the imposition of road tolls and the increase of gasoline taxes is regressive. Also, we found that while the low and middle income private car users have incentive have incentive for public transportation use, the high income private car users have no incentive for public transportation use in many cases.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2011

This study is to examine the economic effects of seaweed forest creation project in the case of Jeju Woodo Seokwang－ri. Seaweed forest creation project will raise up the quality and quantity of coastal fisheries resource and improve the structure of coastal ecosystem as a project the recovery of coastal fisheries resource against barren ground like whitening event. The economic effect by seaweed forest creation project can be found not only in the income increase of fishermen but also in reduction of carbon dioxide. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the income increase effect of fishermen has economic value of 26,945 thousand won under a 30-year cash flow based on a 8.5% discount rate. This suggests that the seaweed forest creation project increases income of fishermen. Second, the reduction effect of carbon dioxide has economic value of 1,083 thousand won per year. This indicates that the seaweed forest creation project reduces carbon dioxide. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest the seaweed forest creation project has economic value in the case of Jeju Woodo Seokwang-ri.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life satisfaction of the elderly and their transfer income (public transfer and private transfer income) using the 11th data of the Korea welfare panel study. In the analysis results, the public transfer income was analyzed to have a significantly positive (+) effect on the life satisfaction in the case of the elderly in general households while in the case of the elderly in low income households, private transfer income was analyzed to have a significantly positive (+) effect on life satisfaction. These results suggest that the public transfer income is 1,019,200 won (monthly average 849,000 won) in the case of the elderly in general households, and the public transfer income is found to have an effect to stabilize the income, which can be expected to increase the life satisfaction. However, in the case of the elderly in low income households, it was found to be 5,080,500 won (monthly average 424,000 won), half of the public transfer income of the elderly in general households. In the case of the elderly of low income households, it can be assumed that the private transfer income, which is the "uncomfortable" income source, fills up the unstable income stabilization gap and raises the life satisfaction. As a policy suggestion, first, by supplementing the basic pension system, which is an irrational part of public transfer income for the elderly with low income, it is necessary to design policy alternatives to enable economic stabilization of the elderly in low income households. Second, it is also necessary to actively review the introduction of income deduction plans for the transfer income of family members for the low income elderly households.