• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.381-408
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• 2015

This paper investigates a link between the significant decline in the growth of domestic demand and the dampened ripple effects from the export sector in Korea since the East Asian financial crisis. The dampened ripple effects are closely linked to the changed investment behaviors of the Korean large-sized exporting firms since the crisis: they do not invest in their export earnings any more to create new industries; they tend to use more foreign value added contents for their exports and to increase outward direct investment by actively participating in global value chains. The paper also examines a link between the growth of domestic demand and the growth of household disposable income and presents reasons for the decline in the growth of household disposable income since the East Asian financial crisis.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.57-78
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• 2004

외환위기와 함께 본격적으로 등장한 빈곤문제가 위기의 진정에도 불구하고 위기 이전 수준으로 대폭 감소되지 않을까? 본 연구는 가구소비실태조사 자료를 이용한 1990년대 이후 빈곤추이 분석을 통해 이러한 물음에 답한다. 1990년대 전반기는 급속한 빈곤 감소를 특징으로 한다. 이 시기의 빈곤 감소에는 경제성장이 결정적인 요인으로 작용하였고 소득불평등도의 완화 또한 영향을 미쳤다. 1990년 후반에는 빈곤율이 크게 높아졌다. 경제성장의 침체로 소득수준은 감소하거나 정체상태에 머무른 한편, 소득불평등도가 증대되고 빈곤취약가구가 증가하는 인구학적 변화가 일어나 빈곤 증대를 초래하였다. 이러한 추이에는 주로는 경제활동을 수행하는 성인의 소득격차 확대가, 부차적으로는 노인가구의 증대가 영향을 미쳤다. 절대빈곤의 추이에서는 경제성장의 영향이 주로 부각되고, 상대빈곤의 추이에서는 분배구조 변화의 역할이 크게 나타난다. 준절대빈곤의 경우 1990년대 전반부에는 경제성장으로 상당한 빈곤감소가 발생하고 후반부에는 소득불평등 악화와 경제성장 정체로 빈곤증가가 이루어진 것으로 나타났다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.132-160
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• 1995

This study purported to acquire information necessary to improve the management of general hospitals. It tried to determine major indices which represent managerial performance of general hospitals and to identify the managerial characteristics of general hospitals which affect the major financial indices. Eighty-eight hospitals were chosen from 188 hospitals which were subject to standardization audit by the Korean Hospital Association. The results of a discriminant analysis are summarized as followings. First, when a single index was used to measure managerial performance of the sample hospitals, the ration of net profit to total capital was the best index and its discriminant power was 58.14%. The ratio of the number of boardmen((M. D.) and average daily medical cost were highly related to this index. Second, when two indices were used, income growth rte and the ration of net profit to total capital had the highest discriminant distinction ability. Their discriminant power was 61.9%. In this case, the ratio of the number of boardmen(M. D.) was significantly and highly related to the indices. Third, when all three indices-income growth rate, the ration of net profit to total capital and quick ratio - were used together, a discriminant function was statistically insignificant. Therefore, using all three indices was not useful in measuring managerial performance of the sample hospitals. In conclusion, using two indices-income growth rate and the ration of net profit to total capital-was better in measuring manegerial performance of general hospitals than using a single index. The independent variable which affected these indices was the ration of the number of boardmen. The discriminant function was : $D_{GI}=2.77+4.832\times(the ratio of the number of boardmen)$ *G=growth index(income growth rate) *I=profit index(the ration of net profit to total capital)

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2020

This paper examines how human capital and other economic variables, such as private investment, economic growth, government investment, inflation, and unemployment influence inequality in Indonesia's provinces. We apply panel data model with fixed effect estimation for the data of 34 provinces from the period 2013 to 2019. We develop a new index for human capital using the education index approach. The results show that human capital has a negative and significant effect on income inequality. An increase in human capital is related to an increase in knowledge and competence due to the longer average school year and expectations of the school year. Human capital has increased the possibility of a person being accepted into the job market and earning a higher income; hence, it lowers income inequality. We also find that inflation leads to a higher gap of income distribution. A further implication of this situation is that the rise in inflation causes an increase in low-income people, and as a consequence, makes their lives worse off. This paper will be beneficial for policy-makers for whom human capital, which is measured using an education index, is an important factor that significantly affects income inequality, in addition to other economic factors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it's turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country's per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.681-693
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• 2020

This study sees a critical gap in the previous body of research, which it seeks to fill; the disclosure of the unemployment ratio correlation has only been measured by the level of economic growth. This study is to add investment variables and government expenditure variables that objectively aim to measure the level of effectiveness in handling the unemployment ratio, which is then a measurement of the effectiveness of unemployment. Economic growth is measured by its impact on income inequality through empirical, conceptual relationships as a critical review and economic strategy for the future. The research uses secondary data on Indonesian macro and microeconomics since 2003-2018, then testing uses a quantitative approach to correlation, regression, and scatterplot. The results of this study show correlations between variables, and volatiles on the graphs show a similar trend. In other words, variables are bound together and support each other. The strategy of prioritizing the scale of government expenditure and investment to reach the target is the primary concern, so that the economic cycle can be optimal and equipped to face the possibility of an economic recession in the future. Many factors cause complex income inequality, though investment does not show a correlation to income inequality.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.285-306
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 지역경제 관점에서 미국의 SCI(State Competitiveness Index)의 사례를 통해 지역경쟁력지표에 대해 살펴보고, 이들 지역경쟁력 지수와 지역성장 특성과 관계를 패널로짓분석을 통해 실증분석을 하였다. 특히 미국의 주를 대상으로 지역성장의 특성을 소득의 정태적 기준과 동태적 기준으로 구분하였다. 이에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 미국 주에서 지역경쟁력지수(SCI)가 전국평균이상인 지역이면서 소득의 정태적요인인 1인당 소득수준과 동태적 요인인 성장률이 전국평균 이상인 지역은 Alaska, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming으로 나타나, 이들 지역이 미국 주 중에서 지역경쟁력지수가 높으면서도 번성지역이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 지역성장의 소득수준과 지역경쟁력 지수와의 관계에 있어서는 인적자본, 과학기술, 비즈니스 인큐베이션, 개방성, 안정성, 환경정책 등의 변수들이 통계적 유의미했다. 셋째, 지역성장의 소득성장률과 지역경쟁력 지수와의 관계에 있어 인프라, 인적자본, 과학기술과 개방성 등이 통계적으로 유의미한 변수였다. 지식기반경제에 있어 지역소득수준과 성장률에 중요한 지역경쟁력 변수는 인적자본, 과학기술, 개방성이라고 할 수 있어 향후 한국의 지식기반경제에 있어 지역경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서는 지역경제차원에서 이들 지표에 대한 경쟁력 향상을 위한 정책이 중요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-37
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• 2019

본 연구는 152개 국가의 불균형 패널 자료를 활용하여 1980~2013년 기간의 국가별 소득수준에 따른 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출 수렴 현상을 시그마 수렴 모형과 베타 수렴 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 절대적 베타 수렴과 시그마 수렴 현상은 $CO_2$ 배출 감축을 위한 국가별 정책 상황에 따라 소득 그룹별로, 기간별로 상이하게 나타났다. 조건부 베타 수렴 분석 결과, 고소득 국가에서 1인당 소득의 증가가 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴에 기여하였으며 제도의 수준과 기술의 수준이 높을수록 소득의 증가가 배출량 수렴 속도를 더 빠르게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 중소득 국가는 1인당 소득의 증가가 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴에 영향을 미쳤으나, 제도의 수준은 유의미하지 않게 나타났다. 반면 중소득 국가와 저소득 국가의 기술 수준 향상은 1인당 $CO_2$ 배출량 수렴 속도를 늦추는 것으로 나타나 배출량 증가에 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

The production of bio-energy crops is a major research project in the emphasizing the "low carbon green growth" strategy. For this, the possibility of the introduction of the new energy crops improve the agricultural income from fanning must be diagnosed. This study describes the level of agricultural income per unit area by cropping system based on the income of crops in the field. Especially, we have chosen the southern part attracting the attention in the possible area of the bio-energy crop production. This study consists of five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction. Chapter II is on the status of the southern part cropping system and the analysis of the economic value. Chapter III is on the economic value analysis introducing new bio-energy crops. Chapter IV is on the comparative analysis for the economic value of the croping system introducing new bio-energy crops. Chapter V is the conclusion.