• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.587-596
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• 2008

For convex bodies, chord power integrals were introduced and studied in several papers (see [3], [6], [14], [15], etc.). The aim of this article is to study them further, that is, we establish the Brunn-Minkowski-type inequalities and get the upper bound for chord power integrals of convex bodies. Finally, we get the famous Zhang projection inequality as a corollary. Here, it is deserved to mention that we make use of a completely distinct method, that is using the theory of inclusion measure, to establish the inequality.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

This study aims to measure financial inclusion and examine its impact on income inequality in a panel of 18 Asian countries over the period 1997-2017. Two alternative approaches for developing financial inclusion index are used: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008), while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index. The impact of individual indicators and index of financial inclusion on inequality in income is analyzed. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach is used for empirical analysis. The results indicate that micro-level financial inclusion has a weak negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality. Macro-level index and all individual indicators of financial inclusion do not affect income inequality in the selected sample of economies. The income inequality issues have different natures and cannot be fixed by financial inclusion only. It needs holistic structural reforms to enable fair distribution of income and make an equitable financial system. Financial inclusion is a relatively less important intervention tool regarding fixing the issue of income inequality. This is one of the first studies that used the DFM method for financial inclusion indices construction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.292-297
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce the notions of inconsistency p-measure, consistency p-measure and fuzziness p-measure. We discuss various properties of them. We investigate the degree of inconsistency and roughness p-measure in a decision table.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.421-431
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• 2021

This study investigates the empirical linkages between ASEAN countries' institutional quality and financial inclusion using country data from 2008-2019. In this paper, six governance indicators from the World Governance index are used to measure the impact of institutions on financial inclusion. The PCA method's financial inclusion index is constructed from 3 indicators: penetration, access, and usage: penetration, access, and usage with six indices respectively as the number of ATMs per 1000 km², the number of bank branches per 1000 km², the number of ATMs per 100,000 people and the number of bank branches for 100,000 adults, the ratio of credit to private to GDP, and the ratio of deposit to private to GDP. Regression analysis with the Generalized Moments method shows the positive impact of institutions and other control variables like GDP per capita, inflation, bank concentration, and human development index on financial inclusion. Therefore, this study recommends that the government and policymakers in countries pursue the financial inclusion agenda to pay attention to the financial and economic indicators and institutional factors. This is because many savers, borrowers, and investors may not be protected when financial contracts are enforced or breaches occur in an environment where economic, legal, judicial, and political institutions are weak, such as in ASEAN countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and socio-economic and demographic factors. Ownership of bank accounts, availing of credit facility, and use of mobile banking were considered the major indicators of financial inclusion. To achieved this objective, the present study was conducted in the rural regions of three hill districts of Uttarakhand. 780 rural households were selected by using stratified and judgment sampling technique. To measure the association between the variables, binary logistic regression model was employed. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant association of socio-economic variables with financial inclusion. The overall analysis of the study indicates that the likelihood of having bank account, usage of mobile banking facility, and availing credit facility increases with the increase in the financial literacy of an individual in hill rural regions of the state. Further, the study also indicates the vulnerability of women relative to that of men in both cases of mobile usage and availing credit. The findings of the study suggest to target the economically vulnerable section of population (as identified in case of having low financial inclusion) and enhancing the financial literacy in these regions.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.184-200
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• 2020

Similarity searching is a basic issue in information processing because of the large size of formal contexts and their complicated derivation operators. Recently, some researchers have focused on knowledge reduction methods by using granular computing. In this process, suitable information granules are vital to characterizing the quantities of attributes and objects. To address this problem, a novel approach to obtain an entropy-weighted concept lattice with inclusion degree and similarity distance (ECLisd) has been proposed. The approach aims to compute the combined weights by merging the inclusion degree and entropy degree between two concepts. In addition, another method is utilized to measure the hierarchical distance by considering the different degrees of importance of each attribute. Finally, the rationality of the ECLisd is validated via a comparative analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.226-235
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• 1998

This study proposes the analysis and evaluation of method of time series of ultrasonic signal using the chaotic feature extraction for ultrasonic pattern recognition. The features are extracted from time series data for analysis of weld defects quantitatively. For this purpose, analysis objectives in this study are fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and strange attractor on hyperspace. The Lyapunov exponent is a measure of rate in which phase space diverges nearby trajectories. Chaotic trajectories have at least one positive Lyapunov exponent, and the fractal dimension appears as a metric space such as the phase space trajectory of a dynamical system. In experiment, fractal(correlation) dimensions and Lyapunov exponents show the mean value of 4.663, and 0.093 relatively in case of learning, while the mean value of 4.926, and 0.090 in case of testing in slag inclusion(weld defects) are shown. Therefore, the proposed chaotic feature extraction can be enhancement of precision rate for ultrasonic pattern recognition in defecting signals of weld zone, such as slag inclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.913-927
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• 2010

This study investigates the influence of Likert scale formats such as the number of response categories and the inclusion of a mid-point from a methodological point of view using instruments that measure a fashionmarketing-related subject. Using a self-administered questionnaire, 201 respondents rated their economic clothing shopping orientation on three formats of scales that differed only in the number of response categories (ranging from 5 to 7) from February 8 to February 12, 2010. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank order correlation, t-test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha were used in the analysis. The results are as follows. First, three scale formats were generally suitable for use due to validity and reliability. Second, the response results varied with the number of categories and the inclusion of a mid-point, although the differences were statistically insignificant (with only a few cases that differed). Third, construct validity was more secure in scales with fewer categories, whereas convergent and discriminant validity was generally good in all scale formats. Fourth, reliability coefficients were higher in scales with more categories. Fifth, the number of categories was of greater importance to instrument design than the inclusion of a mid-point. Implications for appropriate scale designs are suggested in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.35-48
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• 1998

The imputation of monetary value of women's contribution to the informal economy for inclusion in satellite accounts to the formal System of National Accounts has been attempted along many methods. This is bases on official laborforce statistics and time-use survey. In this statistical system, household work is not an economic activity(or productive labor). Also, the clssification of activities involved in household work is different from that of sampling survey relating evaluation. The measurement of women's unpaid work is one of the important tasks for the improvement of women's status and the establishment of a development policy. To measure unpaid work in the economic terms, we should take following measures; 1) develop satellite or other official accouts to measure unpaid work outside national accounts. 2) conduct a nation-wide time-use survey to measure the unpaid work. 3) develp a proper classificaition of activities for time-use statistics. 4) reexamine the minimum time criterion. 5) determine a proper method of valuing along the law system.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

In the pesticides sprays, spray and atomization technologies to increase the deposition and reduce the drift are briefly reviewed. Further research is needed to deduce a measure of drift risk in sprays with different structures, velocity profiles. For flat fan nozzles, the data of breakup length and thickness of liquid sheet are essential to understand the atomization processes and develop the transport model to target. In the air-assisted spray technology to reduce drift, further works on the effect of application height on drift and air assistance on droplet size should be followed. In addition, methods for quantifying included air in the air inclusion techniques are required. A few researches on the droplet size of fallout can be found in the literature. A combined technology with electrostatic method into one of method for the reduction of drift may be an effective strategy for increasing deposition and reducing drift.