• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.61-66
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• 1999

Experiments were carried out to examine the rusty tolerance in 61 inbred lines of ginseng cultivated in field, and chemical components were analyzed to clarify the difference between healthy and rusty ginseng roots. Among them, 10 lines showed rusty tolerance (RT) while 10 lines showed rusty sensitivity (RS). The content of phenolic compound in RT was lower than that in RS in cortex, epidermis and branch & fine roots, but it was not difference between RT and RS in stele. The contents of K, Ca, Na in RT were lower than RS in cortex, and the content of Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, AI, Si in RT were lower than RS in epidermis, and the content of Fe in RT were lower than RS in branch & fine roots, but mineral contents were not difference between RT and RS in stele. The content of phenolic compound in healthy cortex was lower than that in rusty cortex in same 6-year roots, but the mineral contents were not difference between healthy and rusty cortex in same 6-year roots. In root of seedlings, the contents of phenolic compound, K and Na in RT were lower than RS. It was suggested that the contents of phenolic compound, K and Na might be marker to select rusty tolerance ginseng lines.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop an SNP set that can be useful for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) in watermelon (Citrullus. lanatus L) using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of 20 commercial elite watermelon inbreds. The result of GBS showed that 77% of approximately 1.1 billion raw reads were mapped on the watermelon genome with an average mapping region of about 4,000 Kb, which indicated genome coverage of 2.3%. After the filtering process, a total of 2,670 SNPs with an average depth of 31.57 and the PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) value of 0.1~0.38 for 20 elite inbreds were obtained. Among those SNPs, 55 SNPs (5 SNPs per chromosome that are equally distributed on each chromosome) were selected. For the understanding genetic relationship of 20 elite inbreds, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was carried out with 55 SNPs, which resulted in the classification of inbreds into 4 groups based on PC1 (52%) and PC2 (11%), thus causing differentiation between the inbreds. A similar classification pattern for PCA was observed from hierarchical clustering analysis. The SNP set developed in this study has the potential for application to cultivar identification, F1 seed purity test, and marker-assisted backcross (MABC) not only for 20 elite inbreds but also for diverse resources for watermelon breeding.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.821-828
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• 2004

The increasing apparent photosynthetic rate per leaf area may improve seed yield in soybean. Leaf area, length and width are related to the photosynthetic capability of the plant. In this study, two populations derived from the cross of Keunolkong, Shinpaldalkong and Iksanl0 were evaluated with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify length, width and length/width ratio of leaf. Leaf length/width ratio were significantly negative correlation with leaf width in K/S and K/I populations. In the K/S population, two minor QTLs for leaf length (LL) were found on LG Dlb+W and 1. Two QTLs on LG J and L were related to LL in K/I population. Two and three minor QTLs were identified in leaf width with total phenotypic variation of 13% and 18.04 in K/S and K/I populations, respectively. The leaf length/width ratio, two QTLs on LG I and L, and three QTLs on LG Cl, E and L were related to K/S and K/I populations, respectively. Thus it is assumed that the leaf traits are very much dependent on the genotype used and different breeding approach should be considered for the selection of favorite leaf traits in soybean breeding programs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1980

This is the fourth report in serial studies on the botanical characters of Korean maize lines collected. Several plant characters and genetical nature of lines were investigated and compared among selfed, sibbed and test crossed lines. Inbreeding depression and heterosis, and homozygosity expressed in percent were calculated. Throughout the study a great extent of variation of plant characters and genetical variation expressed in terms of inbreeding depression and heterosis were observed. The observed plant and genetic variation of plant characters were assumed to be enough for providing new breeding materials for future maize breeding program. The degree of homozygosity of Korean local maize lines suggested that a great portion of maize grown by Korean farmers presently are near or close to inbred and presumed to show a great heterosis when crossed to divergent lines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.532-538
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to establish the efficiency of crop breeding on comparison of combination methods of single, 3-way, and double crosses and combination order of 4 winter wheat which were different in origin, source, and plant types, On comparison of 4 crossing modes, there appeared the earliest heading and the highest grain yield in double cross, and decreased in 3-way. single crosses. and parents in order, There showed the significant mean squares of GCA and SCA in 4${\times}$4 diallel analysis for grain yield and yield components. Grumil and Bezostaya 1 exhibited highest GCA effect of grain yield which appeared the actual highest grain yield. There appeared the highest SCA-effect in F$_1$ (Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) showing 4.22. Of the 3 double crosses there exhibited the highest grain yield in F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil/ /Lanota/Bezostaya 1). Two single crosses for this double cross ---F$_1$ (Grumil/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1) --- do not revealed directly for this yield, but combined each other by chromosome switch as combination of F$_1$ (Grumil/Lancota), F$_1$(Grumil/Bezostaya 1), F$_1$(Eunpamil/Lancota) and F$_1$(Eunpamil/Bezostaya 1) which appeared the higher grain yields and SCA-effects. Of the six 3-way crosses. F$_1$ (Lancota/Bezostaya 1/ /Eunpamil) expressed the highest grain yield. Its combinations were F$_1$ (Lancota/Eunpamil) and F$_1$ (Bezostaya 1/Eunpamil) combined by chromosome switch, which its grain yield and SCA-effect were higher.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1990

Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) has been detected as an excellent and new forage crop in Korea. Thus the objective of the study was to determine optimum planting season, growing degree days and productivity by shifting the planting season of pearl millet. Days to emergence of Australia pearl millet inbred line were shortened from 12 days to 3 days by delaying planting season from April 15 to July 15 in Suwon, 1986, but their growing degree days remained relatively constant 32.1$^{\circ}C$ in average. Days to heading also were shortened from 96 days to 54 days by shifting the planting season, but their growing degree days varied little being 697$^{\circ}C$ in average. For grain crop, economic planting season was from early May to late June, and their harvest index also did not varied much, but suddenly reduced in the July 15 planting plot. For forage crop, economic planting season was from mid-May to mid-June with optimum planting time of mid-May. Particularly, when planted in early July, 1987 and 1988, green fodder yields of Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid were very low being 54 percent as compared with optimum planting season's yield 10.8t/10a.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.167-167
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• 2017

Our previous study for developing seeds of Iksan 526 (I.526), an inbred line of resveratrol-producing transgenic rice line, showed that, in 20 days after heading (DAH) seeds, resveratrol was almost saturated and accumulation of piceid was highest though the expression of Arachis hypogaea resveratrol synthase 3 (AhRS3, GenBank DQ124938) was highest in 31 DAH seeds. In this study, it was investigated how the overexpression of AhRS3 affects phenylpropanoid pathway genes. p-Coumaroyl-CoA is derived from phenylpropanoid pathway and used as a substrate of AhRS3 reaction for resveratrol production. In 6, 13, 20, 31 and 41 (45 for Dongjin) DAH seeds of I526 and Dongjin, a wild type of I.526, respectively, the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL: LOC_Os02g41630.2, LOC_Os04g43760.1), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H: LOC_Os05g25640.1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL: LOC_Os02g08100.1), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR: LOC_ Os09g25150.1, LOC_Os08g34280.1), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT: LOC_Os04g42250.2, LOC_Os02g39850.1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD: LOC_Os02g09490.1), was examined using real time (RT)-PCR. Compared to developing seeds of Dongjin, RT-PCR results showed that the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was modified in developing seeds of I.526. In most genes, except for CAD, of I.526 developing seeds, the gene expression was highest in 20 DAH corresponding to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid, i.e. the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was gradually increased by 20 DAH and decreased as seeds develop. Especially, in Dongjin, the highest expression of PALs and 4CL was in 6 DAH and their expression was gradually decreased as seeds develop. These genes expression data also exhibited that, in developing seeds of I.526, phenylpropanoid pathway genes were slightly or significantly (in some genes) upregulated compared to Dongjin. Therefore, the overexpression of AhRS3 changed the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in I.526 developing seeds and this modification for gene expression is closely related to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2017

Severe lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon's hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To identify QTLs for lodging resistance, the tropical japonica line, Chugoku 117 and the improved indica variety, Habataki were selected as the donor parent, as these had thick and strong culms compared with the temperate japonica varieties in Japan such as Koshihikari. By using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which chromosome segments from the japonica variety were replaced to them from Habataki, we identified the QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 1 and 6, which were designated as STRONG CULM1 (SCM1) and STRONG CULM2 (SCM2), respectively. By using recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari and introgression lines, we also identified the other QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 3 and 2, which were designated as STRONG CULM3 (SCM3) and STRONG CULM4 (SCM4), respectively. Candidate region of SCM1 includes Gn1 related to grain number. SCM2 was identical to APO1, a gene related to the control of panicle branch number, and SCM3 was identical to FC1, a strigolactone signaling associated gene, by performing fine mapping and positional cloning of these genes. To evaluate the effects of SCM1~SCM4 on lodging resistance, the Koshihiakri near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of Habataki (NIL-SCM1, NIL-SCM2) and the another Koshihikari NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of Chugoku 117 (NIL-SCM3, NIL-SCM4) were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double or triple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1 NIL-SCM4. Triple pyramiding lines (NIL-SCM1+2+3, ~ NIL-SCM1+3+4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2017

Our previous study for developing seeds of Iksan 526 (I.526), an inbred line of resveratrol-producing transgenic rice line, showed that, in 20 days after heading (DAH) seeds, resveratrol was almost saturated and accumulation of piceid was highest though the expression of Arachis hypogaea resveratrol synthase 3 (AhRS3, GenBank DQ124938) was highest in 31 DAH seeds. In this study, it was investigated how the overexpression of AhRS3 affects phenylpropanoid pathway genes. p-Coumaroyl-CoA is derived from phenylpropanoid pathway and used as a substrate of AhRS3 reaction for resveratrol production. In 6, 13, 20, 31 and 41 (45 for Dongjin) DAH seeds of I526 and Dongjin, a wild type of I.526, respectively, the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL: LOC_Os02g41630.2, LOC_Os04g43760.1), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H: LOC_Os05g25640.1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL: LOC_Os02g08100.1), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR: LOC_Os09g25150.1, LOC_Os08g34280.1), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT: LOC_Os04g42250.2, LOC_Os02g39850.1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD: LOC_Os02g09490.1), was examined using real time (RT)-PCR. Compared to developing seeds of Dongjin, RT-PCR results showed that the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was modified in developing seeds of I.526. In most genes, except for CAD, of I.526 developing seeds, the gene expression was highest in 20 DAH corresponding to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid, i.e. the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes was gradually increased by 20 DAH and decreased as seeds develop. Especially, in Dongjin, the highest expression of PALs and 4CL was in 6 DAH and their expression was gradually decreased as seeds develop. These genes expression data also exhibited that, in developing seeds of I.526, phenylpropanoid pathway genes were slightly or significantly (in some genes) upregulated compared to Dongjin. Therefore, the overexpression of AhRS3 changed the expression pattern of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in I.526 developing seeds and this modification for gene expression is closely related to biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 1988

In order to investigate the morphological characteristics of dendritic cells in the mammary gland, the appearance on the clear cells(CLs) or ATPase-positive dendritic cells(APDCs) have been observed by the light microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: CLs were observed in the mammary tissues of the experimental animals, such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows and Korean native goats, and these CLs were confirmed as the ATPase-positive cells of typical dendritic appearance(APDCs), The APDCs were distributed in between the secretory epithelial cells, between the secretory epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells, the basal area of the secretory epithelial cells, the interalveolar and interlobular connective tissues, and in between the epithelial cells of secretory duct. The APDCs were observed more frequently during the middle period of lactation than the other periods, and were irregularly or uniformly distributed according to the location. During the middle period of lactation, there were notable quantitative differences in the APDSs depending on the mammary glands of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and cats, The most prominent differences were recognized among the mice, guinea pigs and cats. The number of AP DCs per unit area was statistically fewer in the guinea pigs($209.07{\pm}51.75cells/mm^2$) than in the mice($221.00{\pm}50.94cells/mm^2$) and cats($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.05). Among the A/J, DBA/2, C57BL/6 and NIH(GP) mice, the mean densities of APDCs was statistically significantly fewer in the DBA/2($196.65{\pm}43.47cells/mm^2$) than in the C57BL/6($248.40{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and NIH(GP) ($235.98{\pm}55.89cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0000), however no significant difference between the C57BL/6 and the NIH(GP) was recognized (p>0.1). Among the F344, SD and W rats, the statistical analysis were confirmed that there were significantly fewer APDCs in the F344($198.72{\pm}47.61cells/mm^2$) than in the SD($227.70{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and W($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0001), however no significant difference between the SD and the W was recognized(p>0.1). The mean difference between the inbred and the noninbred counts in the mice was statistically significant (p<0.0001), and the similar result was presented in the rats(p<0.0000).