• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2002

The dietary carbohydrates are mainly digested and adsorbed at small intestine. We developed a new food additive as an egg yolk antibody(1gY) against maltase, sucrase and sodium dependent g1ucose cotransporter(SGLT) for the regulation of blood glucose level and weight control. The maltase, sucrase and SGLT were purified from porcine small intestine which is very similar to that of human in physiological characteristics. The purification step contained an ultracentrifugation, ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. The hens were immunized by purified protein and the IgY activities against immunized antigens were determined. This antibody obtained from the immunized hen's egg yolks directly inhibited the activities of maltase and sucrase in vitro. And the IgY delayed and decreased the increment of blood g1ucose level after administration of maltose, sucrose and glucose in rat about 30 to 60%. The results of this study suggest that the IgY inhibiting the carbohydrate digestion could be used as functional food materials for weight control and regulation of blood glucose level in diabetes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2012

The abalone Haliotis discus hannai, is one of the economically important species in the fisheries industry. Abalone intestines are one of the by-products of its processing. To investigate its bioactive potential, abalone intestine was digested using an in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion system containing pepsin, trypsin, and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin. The abalone intestine G1 digests (AIGIDs) produced by the GI digestion system were fractionated into AIGID I (> 100 kDa), AIGID II (10-100 kDa), and AIGID III (1-10 kDa) using an ultrafiltration membrane system. Of the three digests, AIGID II and AIGID III exhibited inhibitory effects against matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Both fractions potently inhibited gelatine digestion by MMP-2 and MMP-9 treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and migration of HT1080 cells in dose dependently. Furthermore, AIGID II and III attenuated expression of p65, a component of nuclear transcription factor kappa B. These results indicate that of the abalone intestine digests inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9. Thus, the AIGIDs or their active components may have preventive and therapeutic potential for diseases associated with MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation in fibrosarcoma cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Although ginseng has been shown to have an antiobesity effect, antiobesity-related mechanisms are complex and have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated ginseng's effects on food intake, the digestion, and absorption systems, as well as liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in order to identify the mechanisms involved. A review of previous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that ginseng and ginsenosides can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase pathway and can reduce energy intake. Moreover, in high fat dietinduced obese and diabetic individuals, ginseng has shown a two-way adjustment effect on adipogenesis. Nevertheless, most of the previous studies into antiobesity effects of ginseng have been animal based, and there is a paucity of evidence supporting the suggestion that ginseng can exert an antiobesity effect in humans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3001-3003
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• 2013

Objective: Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis, and has been shown to have potential inhibitory effects in tumors. In this study, we constructed a eukaryotic expression vector for Syk and analyzed its effects on invasive ability of the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line in vitro. Methods: A fragment of Syk was obtained by RT-PCR from human lung cancer cells and cloned into the expression vector pLNCXSyk. After restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing confirmation, the recombinant Syk expression plasmid was transfected into A549 human lung cancer cells using lipofectamine protocols. After selection, the cells stably expressed Syk. Detection of Syk expression of the cells by RT-PCR, and invasive ability were examined. Results: The eukaryotic expression plamid pLNCXSyk was constructed and expressed stably in the A549 human lung cancer cells. The RT-PCR results showed that Syk mRNA expression was upregulated significantly (P<0.05). Lower invasion through a basal membrane were apparent after transfection (P<0.05). Conclusions: A eukaryotic expression plasmid to cause Syk expression in lung cancer cells can obviously inhibit their invasive ability in vitro.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2000

Objective: Zona pellucida (ZP) has been thought to be the barrier of egg to sperm penetration before and after fertilization. The phenomenon of ZP hardening has been considered as a post-fertilization event until now, and it is generally accepted that it is caused by the secretory products of cortical granules released during the cortical reaction. Hardening of ZP could occur "spontaneously" in mammalian oocytes in standard culture conditions, and that it is probably not a consequence of cortical reaction. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of human amniotic fluid (HAF) on nuclear maturation (NM) and fertilization ability of mouse immature oocytes. Methods: HAF was obtained from patients undergoing amniocentesis at $16{\sim}20$ weeks of gestation. HAF from five to ten patients was centrifuged and the supernatants was pooled. Cumulusenclosed mouse immature oocytes were incubated in the medium containing HAF, and examined to confirm NM and fertilization. Female ICR mice (about 3 weeks old) were stimulated with 7.5 IU PMSG. Immature oocytes were isolated at $48{\sim}52$ hrs post PMSG injection and cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 20% HAF for 18 hrs. FBS was used as a control for the examination. Matured oocytes (MII) were fertilized with sperms collected from the epididymis of male mice (over 10 weeks old). Fertilization was in conducted T6 medium containing 15 mg/ml BSA, and confirmed at 6 hrs post-insemination. Fertilization rate was assessed in zona-intact or zona-free oocytes (denuded by trypsin). Evaluation of NM and fertilization was carried out by rapid staining method. ZP hardening was evaluated by incubating cumulus cell-free mature oocytes in 0.001% chymotrypsin at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Results: There was no significant difference between the effects of HAF (86.6%) and FBS (87.7%) supplements on NM of immature oocytes. When maturation medium was supplemented with HAF, total fertilization rates (7%) were significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of FBS (85.1%). In HAF group, fertilization rate was increased (p<0.01) in zona-free oocytes (7% versus 100%). The resistance of mouse oocyte ZP to digestion by chymotrypsin after maturation in vitro was significantly higher (p<0.01) in HAF group (86.7%) than in FBS (6.7%). To culture oocytes in FBS were very effective in preventing ZP hardening. However cultured oocytes in HAF showed high rate of ZP hardening (p<0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that HAF can be used as a supplement for the NM of mouse immature oocytes in vitro. However, HAF induces spontaneous hardening of ZP of mouse immaure oocytes during maturation in vitro.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2007

Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the development of continuous osteogenic differentiation and bone formation after the subcutaneous implantation of the tissue-engineered bone, in vitro. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells were obtained by proteolytic digestion of liposuction aspirates. Adipose-derived stem cells were seeded in PLGA scaffolds after being labeled with PKH26 and cultured in osteogenic differentiation media for 1 month. The PLGA scaffolds with osteogenic stimulated adipose-derived stem cells were implanted in subcutaneous layer of four nude mice. Osteogenesis was assessed by RT-PCR for mRNA of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein(BSP), and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin, and von Kossa staining for calcification of extracellular matrix at 1 and 2 months. Results: Implanted PLGA scaffold with adipose-derived stem cells were well vascularized, and PLGA scaffolds degraded and were substituted by host tissues. The mRNA of osteopontin and BSP was detected by RT-PCR in both osteogenic stimulation group and also osteocalcin was detected by immunohistochemistry at osteogenic stimulation 1 and 2 months, but no calcified extracellular deposit in von Kossa stain was found in all groups. Conclusion: In vivo, it could also maintain the characteristics of osteogenic differentiation that adipose-derived stem cells within PLGA scaffold after stimulation of osteogenic differentiation in vitro, but there were not normal bone formation in subcutaneous area. Another important factor to consider is in vivo, heterologous environment would have negative effect on bone formation as.[p1]

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

최근의 장내 미생물 연구에 따르면 우리의 건강에 대한 장내 미생물의 중요한 역할이 밝혀졌다. 이에 매년 다양한 건강 기능 식품이 개발되고 있다. 기능성 식품의 개발에는 기능성 식품의 유익한 효과를 확인하기위한 in-vivo 실험이 포함되는 경우가 많다. 그 이유로 기능성 식품이 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 동물 실험을 자주 수행하고 있는 실정이다. 식품의 유익한 효과는 장내 미생물 생태가 식품에 의해 이동되어 유익한 박테리아의 증가, 잠재적인 병원성 박테리아의 감소 또는 둘 다에 따라 평가 될 수 있다. 동물 실험은 일반적으로 시간이 많이 걸리고 까다롭기 때문에 본 연구팀은 분변 미생물에 대한 in-vitro 연구로 식이 건강상의 이점을 얼마나 잘 반영하는지 조사했다. 본 연구에서는 두 사람의 배설물을 사용하여 15가지 음식이 장내미생물에 주는 영향을 조사했다. 결과는 식단에 따라 다양한 장내 미생물 이동을 보여 주었으며, 이는 일반적으로 알려진 유익한 식단(즉, 김치, 청국장)이 유산균과 비피도 박테리움을 증가 시켰음을 확인했다. 따라서, 우리는 식이 요법의 유익한 효과를 평가하기 위해 체외 분변 미생물균총 분석을 사용할 수 있다고 제안한다. 또한, 이 방법은 더 나아가 개인 맞춤형 식단을 설정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2016

Objectives: In this study, we characterized human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) obtained by different culture methods to establish the most suitable methodology for dental tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic applications. Materials and Methods: HDPCs were isolated by the outgrowth method (HDPCs-OG), the enzymatic digestion method (collagenase/dispase/trypsin, HDPCs-ED), or the combination of both methods (HDPCs-Combined). The expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD105, CD90, and CD73) was investigated. In vitro differentiation capacities of HDPCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were compared. Differentiation markers were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: Our data indicated that whole HDPCs-ED, HPDCs-OG, and HDPCs-Combined could be differentiated into adipogenic, chrondrogenic, and osteogenic cell types. However, we found that the methods for isolating and culturing HDPCs influence the differentiation capacities of cells. HDPCs-OG and HDPCs-ED were preferably differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells, respectively. Differentiation markers shown by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis were mostly upregulated in the treated groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that cell populations formed by two different culture methods and the combined culture method exhibited different properties. The results of this study could provide an insight into regenerative endodontic treatment using HDPCs.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2015

광물성 약재(광물약)는 오랜 기간 동안 주로 중국, 한국 등 동양의 전통의학에서 화학성분이나 물리적인 성질이 질병치료나 건강 증진에 이용되어 왔던 단일 광물, 암석 및 생물화석 등을 의미한다. 광물성 약재는 산지의 지질특성, 기후 및 지표 환경에 의해 광물학적 특성이 달라지며, 광물의 조직, 수반광물, 정제 방법에 따라 약재로서의 효용성이 달라진다. 특히, 광물성 약재에 함유되어 있는 광물조성, 주성분 및 미량성분의 차이는 광물약의 약효와 유해성에 영향을 준다. 그러므로 광물약의 분석방법과 전처리 및 제조과정에 대한 표준화가 매우 중요하다. 광물성 약재에 함유된 유해 금속 원소는 수치(법제)나 탕약 제조 등 약제의 전처리 과정과 위와 장에서의 소화과정에서 성분이 변화되어 용출량이 결정되기 때문에 체내와 대응되는 조건에서의 적절한 시험방법을 정립하여, 그 결과에 의해 위액용출도, 인체흡수도, 안정성과 위해성이 평가되어야 한다. 또한, 광물성 약재의 안정성과 위해성을 평가할 수 있는 연구결과로 유효성분과 독성 물질의 체내 존재량을 예측할 수 있어야 한다. 연구에서 제안된 광물성 약재의 표준화 방법은 광물약의 개발과 활용에 유용한 기초자료로 이용될 뿐만 아니라, 광물성 약재의 품질 표준을 규격화 하는 기준을 제시해줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2002

The mineral medicines mean a sort of mineral or rock for medical treatment and natural material using their chemical components and physical properties. In this study, it was apprehended the mineralogical characteristics of As-bearing group mineral medicines. The extraction test is an vitro test system for predicting the bioavailability of the major and minor elements from mineral medicines and incorporates gastrointestinal tract parameters representative of a human(including stomach and small intestinal pH, stomach mixing time and velocity). The results of the extraction test are used for reaction path modeling in human body. Reaction path modeling in human body can predict digestion with gastric juice as well as bioavailability, speciation. Also, it can predict accumulation of arsenic as pH condition. As the results of the extraction test for digestion, the amounts of Fe extraction was the highest, followed by As, Ca, Ni. In addition, as the results of the reaction path modeling between arsenic compounds and gastric juice using thermodynamic data, when absorbed, major species are followed by H₃As₃S/sub 6/(aq), As₃S/sub 6/ (aq), AsO/sup +/, H₂As₃S/sup 6-/, H₂AsO/sup 3-/, HAs₃S6/sup 2-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 2-/ and AsO/sub 3//sup 3-/. Specifically the concentration of H₃As₃S/sub 6/(aq) is the highest. As pH increases, the concentration of H₂AsO/sup 3-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 2-/, HAsO/sub 3//sup 3-/, HAs₃S/sub 6//sup 2-/, H₂As₃S/sup 6-/, and H₃As₃S/sub 6/ increases, whereas the concentration of H₃As₃S/sub 6/ and AsO/sup +/ decreases. On the results of this study, it is able to find out effective and toxic components of poisonous arsenic group of mineral medicines and expected to be widely used for the development of new medicines.