• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 1996

Purpose : Hysterectomy without lymph node dissection was considered an inadequate treatment method for invasive uterine cervix cancer. Usually the procedure was performed inadvertently on patients who were thought to have benign or premalignant conditions preoperatively. We analysed radiotherapy results of such patients to evaluate survival rates, failure patterns and prognostic factors according to various conditions. Materials and Methods : Sixty one patients undergoing hysterectomy in the presence of invasive cervical carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative diagnosis were carcinoma in situ (38 cases), severe dysplasia (2), myoma (6), uterine bleeding (4), uterine prolapse (2). and early invasive cervix cancer (10) (One patient had myoma and carcinoma in situ coincidently). Patients received postoperative megavoltage radiotherapy from August 1985 to December 1993, and minimum follow-up period was 24 months. Eight patients received ICR only, 6 patients ICR and external radiation, and 47 patients received external radiation therapy only. Results : Overall 5-year survival rate and relapse-free survival rate werer $83.8\%$, $86.9\%$ respectively. For patients with retrospective stage IA, IB, IIB (gross residual after surgery), and vaginal cuff recurrence were $90.9\%$, $88.8\%$, $38.4\%$, and $100\%$ respectively There were 8 cases of treatment failure, most of them (5/8) were in patients with gross residual disease, other patients were full thickness involvement of cervix wall (2/8) except one. Patients with early vaginal cuff recurrence and microinvasive cervical cancer (stage IA) had no treatment related failure Prognostic factors affecting survival by univariate analysis were status of residual disease, tumor histology and retrospective stage. Conclusion : Adjuvant radiotherapy appeared to be effective treatment method for patients with presumed stage IA, IB and early local recurrent disease after inadvertent hysterectomy Survivals for patients with gross disease remained after inappropriate hysterectomy was poor, So, early cancer detection and Proper management with precise pretreatment s1aging is necessary to avoid inadherent hysterectomy especially in the cases of gross residual disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.987-991
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• 2008

Purpose : Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL), is a self-limited disease characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. The etiology of KFD remains unknown; however, the self-limiting nature of HNL suggests the cause of this disease could be viral infection. For this reason, several viruses have been evaluated as possible etiologies of HNL, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of EBV and HHV6 to HNL. Methods : Data pertaining to 51 cases with biopsy-confirmed HNL were collected between January 1999 and December 2005, from the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea. The clinical records-including data regarding age, gender, duration of fever, and lymph node involvementwere reviewed retrospectively. The in situ hybridization (ISH) assay was performed by EBER PNA probe (Dako, Capinteria, CA, USA), and immunohistochemistry testing was performed with anti-HHV type 6 monoclonal antibodies (Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA). Results : The HNL patients in this study were 24 males and 27 females, ranging in age from seven to 61 years (median: 25.9). ISH for EBV was positive in 8/51 (15.7%) biopsies, and immunohistochemistry for HHV6 was positive in 15/51 (29.4%) biopsies. Serologic analysis of EBV IgM was performed in 23 cases; only one patient was positive for EBV IgM and EBV ISH. Conclusion : Our study could not provide supportive evidence of a viral pathogenesis for HNL; therefore, cases of HNL may not have a dominant viral cause. However, some rare exceptional cases may have been caused by viral infection.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

In the nuclear power plant, early detection of fatigue crack by non-destructive test (NDT) equipment due to the thermal cyclic load is very important in terms of strict safety regulation. To this end, many efforts are exerted to the fabrication of artificial cracked specimen for practicing engineers in the NDT company. The crack of this kind, however, cannot be made by conventional machining, but should be made under thermal cyclic load that is close to the in-situ condition, which takes tremendous time due to the repetition. In this study, thermal loading condition is investigated to minimize the time for fabricating the cracked specimen using simulation technique which predicts the crack initiation and propagation behavior. Simulation and experiment are conducted under an initial assumed condition for validation purpose. A number of simulations are conducted next under a variety of heating and cooling conditions, from which the best solution to achieve minimum time for crack with wanted size is found. In the simulation, general purpose software ANSYS is used for the stress analysis, MATLAB is used to compute crack initiation life, and ZENCRACK, which is special purpose software for crack growth prediction, is used to compute crack propagation life. As a result of the study, the time for the crack to reach the size of 1mm is predicted from the 418 hours at the initial condition to the 319 hours at the optimum condition, which is about 24% reduction.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1997

The development of preneoplastic and neoplastic squamous cell proliferations of body sites such as the skin, female lower genital tract, and larynx is strongly associated with specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Antitumor $CD^{8+}$ cells recognize peptide antigens presented on the surface of tumor cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The MHC class I molecule is a heterodimer composed of an integral membrane glycoprotein designated the alpha chain and a noncovalently associated, soluble protein called beta-2-microglobulin( $\beta$ -2-m). Loss of $\beta$-2-m generally eliminates antigen recognition by antitumor $CD^{8+}$ T cells. We evaluated the expression of $\beta$-2-m as a potential means of tumor escape from immune recognition and the presence of HPV DNA as a cause of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Laryngeal SCCs (n=39) were analyzed for MHC class I expression by immunohistochemistry and for presence of HPV by in situ hybridization technique. The results were as follows : 1) HPV DNA was detected in 10 (25.64%) out of 39 cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. 2) MHC class I down-regulation (heterogenous and negative expression) in HPV positive lesions was higher than HPV negative lesions. 3) The expression of MHC class I was related to cellular differentiation regardless of T-stage and nodal involvement. In conclusion, HPV was thought to be the etiological factor of SCC of larynx, and we found that the down-regulation of MHC class I was a common phenomenon In laryngeal SCC and may provide a way for tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.132-148
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• 2019

Recently, safety and environmental concerns have become major social issues. Especially, a special underground-safety law has been made and enacted to prevent ground subsidence around construction sites. For environmental problems, several researches have started or will start on characterization of contaminated sites, in-situ environmental remediation in subsurface, and monitoring of remediation results. As a part of the researches, geophysical surveys, which have been mainly applied to explore mineral resources, geological features or ground, are used to characterize not only contaminated areas but also fluid flow paths in subsurface environments. As a basic study for the application of geophysical surveys to detect contamination in subsurface, this paper analyzes previous researches to understand changes in geophysical properties of contaminated zones by various contaminants such as leachate, heavy metals, and non-adequate phase liquid (NAPL). Furthermore, this paper briefly introduces how geophysical surveys like direct-current electrical resistivity, induced polarization and ground penetration radar surveys can be applied to detect each contamination, before analyzing case studies of the applications in contaminated areas by NAPL, leachate, heavy metal or nitrogen oxides.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.729-738
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• 2023

Objective: When multiple surveillance mammograms are performed within an annual interval, the current guidance for oneyear follow-up to determine breast cancer status results in shared follow-up periods in which a single breast cancer diagnosis can be attributed to multiple preceding examinations, posing a challenge for standardized performance assessment. We assessed the impact of using follow-up periods that eliminate the artifactual inflation of second breast cancer diagnoses. Materials and Methods: We evaluated surveillance mammograms from 2007-2016 in women with treated breast cancer linked with tumor registry and pathology outcomes. Second breast cancers included ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer diagnosed during one-year follow-up. The cancer detection rate, interval cancer rate, sensitivity, and specificity were compared using different follow-up periods: standard one-year follow-up per the American College of Radiology versus follow-up that was shortened at the next surveillance mammogram if less than one year (truncated follow-up). Performance measures were calculated overall and by indication (screening, evaluation for breast problem, and short interval follow-up). Results: Of 117971 surveillance mammograms, 20% (n = 23533) were followed by another surveillance mammogram within one year. Standard follow-up identified 1597 mammograms that were associated with second breast cancers. With truncated follow-up, the breast cancer status of 179 mammograms (11.2%) was revised, resulting in 1418 mammograms associated with unique second breast cancers. The interval cancer rate decreased with truncated versus standard follow-up (3.6 versus 4.9 per 1000 mammograms, respectively), with a difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of -1.3 (-1.6, -1.1). The overall sensitivity increased to 70.4% from 63.7%, for the truncated versus standard follow-up, with a difference (95% CI) of 6.6% (5.6%, 7.7%). The specificity remained stable at 98.1%. Conclusion: Truncated follow-up, if less than one year to the next surveillance mammogram, enabled second breast cancers to be associated with a single preceding mammogram and resulted in more accurate estimates of diagnostic performance for national benchmarks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprise about 2.5% of the Australian population. Cancer registry data indicate that their breast cancer survivals are lower than for other women but the completeness and accuracy of Indigenous descriptors on registries are uncertain. We followed women receiving mammography screening in BreastScreen to determine differences in screening experiences and survivals from breast cancer by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, as recorded by BreastScreen. This status is self-reported and used in BreastScreen accreditation, and is considered to be more accurate. The study included breast cancers diagnosed during the period of screening and after leaving the screening program. Design: Least square regression models were used to compare screening experiences and outcomes adjusted for age, geographic remoteness, socio-economic disadvantage, screening period and round during 1996-2005. Survival of breast cancer patients from all causes and from breast cancer specifically was compared for the 1991-2006 diagnostic period using linked cancer-registry data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for socio-demographic differences, screening period, and where available, tumour size, nodal status and proximity of diagnosis to time of screen. Results: After adjustment for socio-demographic differences and screening period, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women participated less frequently than other women in screening and re-screening although this difference appeared to be diminishing; were less likely to attend post-screening assessment within the recommended 28 days if recalled for assessment; had an elevated ductal carcinoma in situ but not invasive cancer detection rate; had larger breast cancers; and were more likely than other women to be treated by mastectomy than complete local excision. Linked cancer registry data indicated that five-year year survivals of breast cancer cases from all causes of death were 81% for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, compared with 90% for other women, and that the former had larger breast cancers that were more likely to have nodal spread at diagnosis. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, tumour size, nodal spread and time from last screen to diagnosis, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women had approximately twice the risk of death from breast cancer as other women. Conclusions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have less favourable screening experiences and those diagnosed with breast cancer (either during the screening period or after leaving the screening program) have lower survivals that persist after adjustment for socio-demographic differences, tumour size and nodal status.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.5 s.70
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• pp.775-782
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the EGFR mRNA expression in the rat gingival epithelium by the experimental tooth movement. We applied reciprocal force between the upper anterior teeth using NiTi open coil spring and stainless steel wire for 1, 2 3, 7 days. For the detection of EGFR mRNA, in situ hybridization was done in the tissue samples which were taken from the pressure and tension sides of teeth. The results were as follows ; 1. The expression of EGFR mRNA was increased application-time dependently. a. Day 1 mild expression on the basal and spinous cell layers b. Day 2 . moderate expression on the whole layers c. Day 3 : severe expression on the basal and spinous cell layers 4. Day 7 severe expression on the whole layers 2. The expression level of EGFR mRNA in the pressure and tension sides were similar during the whole Period of experiment except seven day application at which the cornified layer of the tension side showed moderate expression. 3. Removal of the appliance after 7-day force application lowered the level of EGRF mRNA expression. It was returned to the mild and control (rare) level at three and seven days after the removal, respectively. In conclusion, EFGR mRNA was increased by the experimental tooth movement on the rat ginigval epithelium. Up-regulation of EGFR mRNA in the gingival epithelium can be regarded as responses to the possible changes caused by the physical stersses to the oral environment to maintain the homeostatic conditions of the periodontium.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_2
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to detect the burned area change by direct burning of tree canopies and post-fire mortality of trees via analyzing satellite imageries from the Korea multi-purpose satellite-2 and -3 (KOMPSAT-2 and -3) for two large-fires over the Goseong-Sokcho and Gangneung-Donghae regions in April 2019. For each case, the burned area was compared between two dates: the day when the fire occurred and 15-18 days after it. As the results, within these two dates, there was no substantial difference in burned area of sites whose severities were marked as "Extreme", but sites with "High" and "Low" severities showed significant differences in burned area between the two dates. These differences were resulted from the lagged post-fire browning of canopies which was detected by images from in-situ observation,satellite, and the unmanned aerial vehicle. The post-fire browning started after 3-4 days and became apparent after 10-15 days. This study offers information about the timing to quantify the burned area by large fire and about the mechanism of post-fire mortality. Also, the findings can support policy makers in planning the restoration of the damaged areas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. With the recent development of gene profiling technology, studies on mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which are important for the development and growth of tumors, have been actively conducted. Companion diagnosis using next-generation sequencing helps improve survival with targeted therapy. In this study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for detecting genetic mutations that induce lung adenocarcinoma in Koreans. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to accurately classify lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Based on the results, next-generation sequencing was applied to analyze the types and patterns of genetic mutations, and the association with smoking was established as the most representative cause of lung cancer. Results of next-generation sequencing analysis confirmed the single nucleotide variations, copy number variations, and gene rearrangements. In order to validate the reliability of next-generation sequencing, we additionally performed the existing genetic testing methods (polymerase chain reaction-epidermal growth factor receptor, immunohistochemistry-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (D5F3), and fluorescence in situ hybridiation-receptor tyrosine kinase 1 tests) to confirm the concordance rates with the next-generation sequencing test results. This study demonstrates that next-generation sequencing of lung adenocarcinoma patients simultaneously identifies mutation.