• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 1997

The early detection of breast cancer is clearly a key ingredient for reducing breast cancer mortality. Microcalcification is the only visible feature of the DCIS's(ductal carcinoma in situ) which consist 15 ~ 20% of screening-detected breast cancer. Therefore, the analysis of the shapes and distributions of microcalcifications is very significant for the early detection. The automatic detection procedures have b(:on the concern of digital image processing for many years. We proposed here one efficient method which is essentially statistical pattern classification accelerated by one representative feature, correlation coefficient. We compared the results by this additional feature with results by a simple gray level thresholding. The average detection rate was increased from 48% by gray level feature only to 83% by the proposed method The performances were evaluated with TP rates and FP counts, and also with Bayes errors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2771-2776
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer screening and higher quality mammography have resulted in an increase in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ worldwide. We compared the incidence and other factors in our cases of ductal carcinoma in situ between two recent decades. Materials and Methods: Medical records of cases of ductal carcinoma in situ who had been admitted to the surgery wards of the Cancer Institute of Tehran, Iran were evaluated from March 1993 to March 2003 as phase 1, and from April 2003 to April 2013 as phase 2. Results: Ratio of ductal carcinoma in situ to overall breast cancer was 1.27 and 3.93 in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Rates of excisional or incisional biopsies versus core needle biopsies and clinically versus mammographically detected cases as well as median size of tumors dropped between the 2 phases while a substantial rise in the number of patients attending for screening was seen in this time period. Surgical treatments followed a trend from modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymphatic dissection toward breast conserving surgery and sentinel node dissection or no axillary intervention. Conclusions: Our study shows a considerable trend toward earlier detection of breast cancer and evolution of treatment strategies toward standard less invasive surgery of DCIS in Iran.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2013

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most rapid and widely used method to detect viral pathogens. However, this method does not provide histopathologic nature of the virus. In situ hybridization (ISH) with oligonucleotide probes is attractive because it is a rapid method for detection and identification of viral pathogens at sites of tissue infection. In order to understand the histopathologic characterictics of Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), viral-hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) virus and viral nervous necrosis (VNN) virus to cultured olive flounder, we her applied ISH method to various kinds of olive flounder tissues with PCR-positive for these three viruses. We found that these viruses showed different tissue tropism and were detected from different cell types. Our results suggest that ISH is useful not only in rapid detection of viral pathogens but also in understanding the histopathologic characters of specific viral pathogens.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2013

In-situ optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is employed for leak detection in plasma etching system. A misprocessing is reported for significantly reduced silicon etch rate with chlorine gas, and OES is used as a supplementary sensor to analyze the gas phase species that reside in the process chamber. Potential cause of misprocessing reaches to chamber O-ring wear out, MFC leaks, and/or leak at gas delivery line, and experiments are performed to funnel down the potential of the cause. While monitoring the plasma chemistry of the process chamber using OES, the emission trace for nitrogen species is observed at the chlorine gas supply. No trace of nitrogen species is found in other than chlorine gas supply, and we found that the amount of chlorine gas is slightly fluctuating. We successfully found the root cause of the reported misprocessing which may jeopardize the quality of thin film processing. Based on a quantitative analysis of the amount of nitrogen observed in the chamber, we conclude that the source of the leak is the fitting of the chlorine mass flow controller with the amount of around 2-5 sccm.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.1828-1834
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• 2019

The performance of a plastic scintillator for use in an in situ measurement system was analyzed using simulation and experimental methods. The experimental results of four major pure beta-emitting radionuclides, namely $^3H$, $^{14}C$, $^{32}P$, and $^{90}Sr/^{90}Y$, were compared with those obtained using a Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code simulation. The MCNP simulation and experimental results demonstrated good agreement for $^{32}P$ and $^{90}Sr/^{90}Y$, with a relative difference of 1.95% and 0.43% between experimental and simulation efficiencies for $^{32}P$ and $^{90}Sr/^{90}Y$, respectively. However, owing to the short range of beta particles in water, the efficiency for $^{14}C$ was extremely low, and $^3H$ could not be detected. To directly measure the low-energy beta radionuclides considering their short range, a system where the source could flow directly to the scintillator was developed. The optimal thickness of the plastic scintillator was determined based on the suggested diameter. Results showed that the detection efficiency decreases with an increase in the depth of the water. The detection efficiency decreased drastically to approximately 10 cm, and the tendency was gradually constant.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.699-708
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• 2000

Background : A presumptive histopathologic diagnosis of tuberculosis is commonly based on the finding of acid-fast bacilli upon microscopic examination of a diagnostic specimens. Although this traditional histochemical staining method is satisfactory, it is time-consuming and not species-specific. For more specific assessment, in situ hybridization assay with oligonucleotide probes is introduced. Methods : The human surgical specimens were obtained from tuberculosis patients, and experimental specimens were made by injecting cultured M. tuberculosis organisms into fresh rat liver. Oligonucleotide probes complementary to ribosomal RNA portion were synthesized and labeled with multiple biotin molecules. For a rapid detection, all procedures were carried out using manual capillary action technology on the Microprobe staining system. Results : The in situ hybridization assay produced a positive reaction in experimental specimens (80-90% sensitivity) after pepsin-HCl pre-treatment for a good permeabilization of probes, but reliable result was not obtained from human surgical specimens. Conclusion : It is, therefore, suggested that biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probes have considerable potential for identification and in situ detection of M. tuberculosis but, there are some barriers to overcome for the diagnostic use of this method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2003

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), previously referred to as enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis, is responsible for sporadic infections as well as large epidemics of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. The disease generally affects young adults and reportedly has a mortality rate of up to 20％ in infected pregnant women. HEV was once considered to be a member of the family Caliciviridae, but the unique genomic organization of HEV has led to the removal of HEV from the family and it was provisionally classified in an unassigned family of HEV-like viruses. In situ hybridization provides any cellular detail and histological architecture.[1] However, use of in situ hybridization is largely restricted to the laboratories because this technique is the greater technical complexity and expense compared with immunohistochemistry. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop the immunohistochemistry for the detection of swine HEV from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissues. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.290-295
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• 1991

A semi-automatic method for the determination of dissolved bismuth at parts per trillion levels is described. The method involves bismuthine generation, in situ collection of bismuthine in a graphite furnace, and atomic absorption detection. In order to facilitate semi-automation of bismuthine generation and separation from aqueous solution, Gore-tex microporous PTEE membrane is used. The absolute detection limit, taken as three times the standard deviation of the instrument noise is 2 pg. The precisions are 3.1% for 100 pg and 1.9% for 1 ng of bismuth, respectively. As many as 90 measurements can be made in an hour.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1996

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) is associated with a wide spectrum of benign and malignant disorders including leukoplakia, Hodgkln's lymphoma, central nervous system lymphoma, peripheral T cell lymphoma and nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. There are several distinctive aspects of biology of the virus that are important in investigation of virus in clinical specimens. The abundant expression of the EBER mRNA transcripts makes possible the sensitive detection of latent expression in EBV-associated tumors. Although there has been a dramatic increased interest in the direct characterization of EBV in clinical specimens, there have been few studios about the effective and reliable positive controls in performing in situ hybridization technique for EBV, especially on paraffin-em bedded tissue. We applied Burkitts lymphoma ceil line as positive control in EBV in situ hydridization using Oncor Kit. The cell block of Burkitt lymphoma cell line(CCL85 EB-3) showed strong and specific positivity for EBER in situ in nuclei of EBV infected cells.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 1994

Using in situ hybridization, we have mapped the anatomical localization of perikarya containing myNA that codes for sonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brains of female frogs, R. dybowskii. DNA olisomers, with sequences complementary to the GnRH portion of pro-GnRH myNA sequence, were synthesized and hybridized to paraformaldehvde-fixed, sagittal sections of the whole brain stem. The distribution of the GnRH mRNA containing cell bodies was similar to that described for GnRH peptide by immunohistochemistrv. That is, cells containing GnRH mRNA were observed in the medial septal area, anterior preoptic area, ventromedial hvpothalamus and infundibular regions. However, another cell groups which contains GnRH mRNAs were also detected by in situ hybridization in the bed nucleus of hippocampal commissure, preoptic area, nucleus infundibularis dorsalis, mesencephalic nuclei and intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord areas. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using in situ hybridization as a strategy to study the distribution of GnRH neurons and the detection of GnRH gene expression in the vertebrates.