• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.448-459
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• 2022

Generally, steel is the most commonly used in the industry because of good strength, processability and cost-effectiveness. Steel can be surface-treated such as coating or used as an alloy by adding elements such as Cr, Ni, Zr, and Al to increase corrosion resistance. However, even if steel is used in same environment corrosion resistance is sharply lowered when it is exposed to a high temperature for a fixed or extended period of time due to an overload or other factors. In particular, the use of hot-dip aluminized plated steel, which is used in high-temperature atmospheres, is increasing due to the surface Al₂O₃ oxide film. This steel necessitates an urgent solution as issues of corrosion resistance limitations often appear. It is an important issue that not only cause analysis but also the research for the surface treatment method that can be solved. Thus, in this study, Cr in which it is expected to be effective in corrosion resistance and heat resistance attempted to deposit on hot dip aluminized plated steel with PVD sputtering. And it was possible to present the surface treatment application of various types of industrial equipment exposed to high temperature and basic design guidelines for use by confirming the corrosion resistance of hot dip Al-Si plated steel with Cr film deposited at high temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.193-207
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• 2021

As Deepfakes phenomenon is spreading worldwide mainly through videos in web platforms and it is urgent to address the issue on time. More recently, researchers have extensively discussed deepfake video datasets. However, it has been pointed out that the existing Deepfake datasets do not properly reflect the potential threat and realism due to various limitations. Although there is a need for research that establishes an agreed-upon concept for high-quality datasets or suggests evaluation criterion, there are still handful studies which examined it to-date. Therefore, this study focused on the development of the evaluation criterion for the Deepfake video dataset. In this study, the fitness of the Deepfake dataset was presented and evaluation criterions were derived through the review of previous studies. AHP structuralization and analysis were performed to advance the evaluation criterion. The results showed that Facial Expression, Validation, and Data Characteristics are important determinants of data quality. This is interpreted as a result that reflects the importance of minimizing defects and presenting results based on scientific methods when evaluating quality. This study has implications in that it suggests the fitness and evaluation criterion of the Deepfake dataset. Since the evaluation criterion presented in this study was derived based on the items considered in previous studies, it is thought that all evaluation criterions will be effective for quality improvement. It is also expected to be used as criteria for selecting an appropriate deefake dataset or as a reference for designing a Deepfake data benchmark. This study could not apply the presented evaluation criterion to existing Deepfake datasets. In future research, the proposed evaluation criterion will be applied to existing datasets to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each dataset, and to consider what implications there will be when used in Deepfake research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2022

As the likelihood of occurrence of the localized microbursts or severe flooding is increased due to the unusual weather changes, it is the very urgent problem to detect these weather hazards with a local weather radar. For a local weather radar of this purpose, it is essential to detect the low altitude and the fast varying weather conditions. Therefore, the very fast update of the weather information and the efficient clutter removal is very important. To achieve this goal, the appropriate method should be applied which does not need the mechanical elevation scanning and has the capability of the efficient clutter removal. Therefore, in this paper, the usefulness of the implementation of elevational filter banks with the spatial FFT algorithm was analyzed and investigated using a simple array antenna. It is shown that the suggested method can be used for both the minimization of the ground clutter and the fast update of weather information.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.217-236
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of IFDI on the regional growth of 16 subregions in Korea during 2000~2014 by applying the System GMM. As a result of the analysis, the IFDI flowed into Korea has showed a positive effect on regional economic growth such as capital formation, job creation, and export expansion. but import has showed a negative effect. and Human capital has showed a positive effect but not statistically significant. meanwhile, IFDI which was flowed in the regions has showed a positive effect on the GRDP of DK regions including Daegu and Kyongbuk, while the GRDP of Metropolitan including Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi and BUK regions including Busan, Ulsan, Kyongnam has showed a negative effect. there were observed similar trends in the complementarities between IFDI inflows and human capital. This study has confirmed that IFDI flows into Korea are an important factor for regional growth, but the growth effect on GRDP in the region differs according to regional characteristics. Therefore, this study has suggested that it is urgent to reorganize the industrial structure along with the IFDI attraction strategy suitable for regional characteristics in order to expand the growth effect of IFDI flowed into the regions.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.241-256
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• 2023

Long-term droughts and frequent spring droughts are causing damage to crops, which are the means of livelihood of residents of the Yeoncheon region. To analyze the degree of drought in Yeoncheon, the ratio of monthly precipitation and discharge was reviewed through observed data, and the standardized precipitation index and streamflow drought index were calculated. As a result of drought analysis using precipitation and discharge observation stations near the Yeoncheon basin, it was analyzed that the drought that occurred in 2014 was common to all drought indices and that drought occurred continuously until 2019, either large or small. In the case of drought indices with a duration of 12 months, it is expected that the damage caused by the drought would be severe as the drought period lasted 24 months. In order to manage drought damage, it is important to understand and predict the current state of drought. In order to cope with drought in advance, it is urgent to implement an integrated operation management strategy for rivers and waterworks structures according to the degree and duration of drought.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2024

Background: The Mae Kha Canal is one of Chiang Mai's most important waterways. It supports local agriculture, irrigation, and transportation as well as provides stormwater drainage to prevent floods. Due to the unregulated rapid urbanization of the city and lack of efficient waste and wastewater management systems over the past few decades, the canal has become heavily polluted. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Mae Kha canal through assessment of the physico-chemical water quality and coliform bacteria. Moreover, benthic macroinvertebrates were samples and assessed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP^Thai) and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT^Thai) as biological indices. Results: The physico-chemical showed low dissolved oxygen levels, high levels of ammonia and phosphates, and elevated levels of biochemical oxygen demand, indicating that the water quality had significantly deteriorated. The canal was found to be heavily polluted, with most sites falling into the polluted to very heavily polluted. Coliform bacteria analysis revealed alarmingly high levels of total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria in the canal. The BMWP^Thai and ASPT^Thai scores indicated poor to very poor water quality. Conclusions: The physico-chemical and coliform bacteria indicated that the water quality of the Mae Kha canal had significantly deteriorated. The biological indices also indicated the poor to very poor water quality. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive remediation efforts, emphasizing strategic planning, investment, and community engagement to revive the canal's ecological health and water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

Modern disasters prevent accidents in advance and recover after accidents are very important. Our government's current response to these accidents is not appropriate. As for disaster management so far, it has been the center of disaster response and recovery efforts, and has been led by the government against it. The reality is that most private organizations and agencies have only subsidized government disaster management agencies. Korea is no longer a safe zone for earthquakes. Now for the establishment of effective disaster management system for earthquakes in the diagnosis is very urgent and the problems of the operational disaster management, which the problems of the nation.Policies to improve academic efforts to seek alternative proposal is also at a time when volume can be said to be very big need to mine. This study from 2016 to 2019, about the earthquake that took place between National Statistical Office, based on analysis of data to. First of all, research 1: What was the government's plan on Pohang earthquake? The results showed that the residents' evacuation of Pohang was important in the Pohang earthquake, but for the sake of students' safety, they were directly assigned to the test site to cope with the emergency situation. Therefore, the research and analysis shows that the nation should continue to think about the causes and responses of the damage at the disaster site and strive to develop technologies and methods to minimize the damage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-65
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• 1995

The development of Korean shipping industry is maybe defined into three development stages-industry fixing stage, industry coordinating stage, industry development stage-. The development of shipping industry has been depended on the geovernment/authority role such as shipping policy, system, law, rules and regulations. In 1983, Korean shipping industry reorganization and coordination by shipping authority have made our shipping industry on the stable condition together with each company's efforts. Today's world economic environment such WTO/UR negotiation results get this government role limited. According to the being reduced government role, each company's competitive advantage power becomes more important. Besides, korean shipping industry is exposed into the entire and bitter world competition. In order to win and prevent the world shipping competition, it is necessary to look out the competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The first purpose of this study is the situation analysis for competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The second is to compare with our shipping policies with foreign ones concerned with ship, cargo, crew, tax and others. But in order to compare with foreign shipping, this study need their shipping statistics data, this study has some limit of the foreign data. This study has been carried on the basis of the following items. 1. Shipping environment, 2. Ships and ship acquirement(shipbuilding/purchasing), 3. Oceangoing cargo and ship's stowage rate, 4. Human factor in shipping-crew, 5. The incomes and costs in finacial statements. We have some conclusions as following through the this study. First, Korean shipping industry environment-competitive disadvantage situation- has changed rapidly due to the shipping market opening, free market entering of foreign shipping. Second, Korean shipping is disadvantageous due to the high tax rate and financing conditions in connection with ship acquirement. In order to improve the competitive advantage power, the shipping tax system and ship financing conditions should be reviewed to profitable for owners. Third, but both world and Korean oceangoing cargoes quantity have been increased annualy, Korean ship's cargo stowage rate is being decreased. This is serious situation but Korean shipping take well use of foreign vessel with hire. It is recommended to take use of owner's vessel and hired ones in the long range view, considering the world shipping management. But the number of crew has been decreased by 2, 000~3, 000 annualy, it is desirable that the long sea-experienced crew have been increased. Almost of owners usauly complain the crew cost is the main obstacles to competitive advantage power. Human factor is the most important firm's asset. All owners should pay attention to this though, and invest the proper budget to training, education, welfare as much as possible. In the long run this effects could be feedback to owners. Fifth, We must improve the financial statements structure, that is, the first step is to increase income, the second is to decrease cost, the third is to increase income on the same cost, the fourth is to decrease cost on the same income. It is essential to find out what the urgent investment is and what unnecessary cost is. At last, in order to competite world shipping race, each shipping firm must try for himself to retain the power. The government/authority is no longer dependable. I believe that each firm's power will be the industry's power, the industry's power will be the nations's power.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.475-486
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to propose a policy direction to improve the service of public bicycles in Seoul by identifying the physical characteristics that affect the satisfaction level in the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle use environment. To this end, a survey was conducted on users regarding their experiences using public bicycles in Seoul, and the responses of 567 people were analyzed. IPA analysis and ordinal logistic analysis were used. An analysis of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle IPA showed that the satisfaction level was lower than that of importance in all categories. Among them, the most urgent need for improvement was the installation of bicycle roads, improved connectivity of bicycle roads, improved road management, classification of roads and bicycle roads, improved safety during night driving, and low satisfaction levels. Second, an analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction in the public bicycle use environment showed that the model's explanatory power increased significantly from 0.062 to 0.437 after incorporating perceived variables, confirming that the perceived neighborhood environment characteristics are an important variable for determining the satisfaction level in the public bicycle use environment, among the perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics, accessibility, convenience, manageability.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2006

Interpretive sign is a communication medium that is often used in self-guided interpretation. Understanding interpretive signs and their users is important to maximize the effectiveness of interpretation. This study evaluated design attributes of interpretive signs by visitor's personal characteristics and visiting patterns using Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA). Data were collected from August to September of 2003 at the self-guided trail in Naejangsan National Park, Korea. Visitors using the trail participated in a questionnaire survey, and a total of 276 subiects was used for data analysis. The IPA results showed that female(23.3%) than male(13.3%), low age group(43.3%) than middle(0.0%) and high age group(0.0%), higher education group(36.7%) than lower education group(0.0%), medium size group(33.3%) than large(10.0%) or small group(16.7%), 'with child' group(66.7%) than 'without child' group(20.0%) rated higher importance and lower performance on more design attributes of the interpretive signs. These groups also showed higher rate of 'Concentrate Here(CH)' attributes that require urgent improvement. The 'with child' group showed the especially high rate of 'CH' attributes. The results suggest that interpretive signs need to be designed considering diverse user groups. It is also necessary to develop some standardized items of the sign design attributes for more efficient and reliable implementation of IPA and other evaluative works.