• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-70
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• 2010

In this study, we examined distribution channel relationship by using the idea of Cheong, which is a unique feeling an positive role in Korean society. Companies make great efforts to maintain long-term relationship with buyers. Understanding distinctive relationship system of each culture should precede these efforts to bring effective results. So we considered how Cheong, a meaningful factor in Korean distribution channel, affects relationship quality and performance. As a result of research analysis from 272 survey questionnaires of retailers, engaging in Crops Protected Material industry in Korea, supplier's idiosyncratic investment, retailer's Cheong, and dependence of retailers on suppliers have positive effects on relationship quality. Supplier's idiosyncratic investment and cognitive factors have the highest influence and Cheong, an emotional factor, follows. Dependence, a motivational factor has the least influence. We confirmed that retailer's cooperation and long-term orientation are directly influenced by retailer's commitment. Active cooperation of the retailer, a partner of a distribution channel, is regarded as an essential factor for supplier's effective business. Retailer's commitment increased that cooperation. Retailer's trust and commitment also decreased relationship conflicts. The results of this study imply that companies should increase idiosyncratic investment to improve relationship quality. But increasing idiosyncratic investment is limited because it requires monetary investment. Therefore companies need to recognize the importance of Cheong, revealed as a new factor, improving relationship quality and to make the best use of it. In this study, we contributed theoretically by examining the role of Cheong, and introducing its distribution discipline. We also make practical suggestions about supplier's relationship management.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.73-84
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• 2017

Purpose - Over recent years, O2O and shared economy have been an eye-catching topic. Many researches on O2O and shared economy have been published gradually. The emerging enterprise of chauffeured car services developed rapidly in the past two years. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influencing factors of use intention of the chauffeured car services users. Through active use of O2O and shared economy, put up with operation strategy in line with their use intention. Research design, data, and methodology - After collecting 324 respondents in China with questionnaires, this study begin the empirical research with users of Chauffeured Car Services, and analyzes data with IBM SPSS 24.0 and IBM AMOS 24.0. Results - Personal Propensity to Trust significantly affects the Initial Trust of chauffeured car services users. Firm Reputation significantly affects the Initial Trust and use intention of chauffeured car services users. Initial Trust significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy significantly affect chauffeured car services users' use intention. Social Influence also significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Conclusions - First, Initial Trust significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Thus, the enterprise should make efforts to improve users' initial trust in order to attract their attention. For this reason, chauffeured car services enterprises should conduct questionnaires to deeply explore what needs can improve users' initial trust. Second, performance expectancy and effort expectancy significantly affect chauffeured car services users' use intention. When users enjoy chauffeured car services, they attach great importance to the convenience, simplicity and efficiency, which reflects that chauffeured car services' desire for greater development in the O2O and shared economy market. Therefore, they need to grasp users' needs (convenience, simplicity and efficiency) and carefully improve the quality of chauffeured car services. Finally, social influence also significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. It means friend recommendation or mass media influences users' intention. So, it is more important to increase differentiated benefits, advertising and publicity of chauffeured car services.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2006

Importance of and need for grid resource management have accelerated in accordance with increasing development of grid computing. However, it is very complex to distribute and utilize resources efficiently in geographically dispersed environments. This is due to the different access policies and constraints of grid resource owners. Users request resources according to their needs. Operators of a grid computing system need to be able to monitor the system states for reflecting these demands. So, a grid computing system needs a resource management policy that monitors states of resources and then allocates resources. This paper proposes a user demand-based grid trade management model that provides an efficient resource management by the trade allocation based on a users' demand and providers' supply strategy. To evaluate performance, this paper measures increasing rate of resource trades, average response time of trades, and processing time utilization. Firstly, the average increasing rates of trade are 585.7% and 322.6% higher than an auction model and a double auction model. Secondly, the average response time of the user demand-based grid trade management model is maintained between 3 and 5 simulation time. Finally, it is found that the processing time utilization is an average of 145.4% and 118.0% higher than an auction model and a double auction model. These empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the user demand-based grid trade management model.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine usefulness of KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills Test as a diagnostic tool of learning disorders(LD). Learning disorder group consisted of two subgroups, verbal learning disorder group(VLD, n＝34) and nonverbal learning disorder group(NVLD, n＝14). Comparison group consisted of Dysthymia Disorder subgroup(n＝11) and Normal subgroup(n＝20). Performance of intelligence test and achievement test was examined in all 4 subgroups. In KEDI-WISC, VLD subgroup revealed primary problems in vocabulary, information and verbal-auditory attention test. NVLD group revealed primary problems in almost all performance tests such as visual acuity, psycho-motor coordination speed and visual-spatial organizations ability subtest. In KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Test, VLD group revealed primary problems in phonological coding process, word recognition and mathematics. For successful classification of LD children, the importance of achievement test and intelligence test was discussed by discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results indicate that KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills is of considerable usefulness in diagnosing LD, but must be used in subtests, and additional tests must be conducted for thorough exploration of LD.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

In the research field of speech recognition, pinpointing the endpoints of speech utterance even with the presence of background noise is of great importance. These noise present during recording introduce disturbances which complicates matters since what we just want is to get the stationary parameters corresponding to each speech section. One major cause of error in automatic recognition of isolated words is the inaccurate detection of the beginning and end boundaries of the test and reference templates, thus the necessity to find an effective method in removing the unnecessary regions of a speech signal. The conventional methods for speech endpoint detection are based on two linear time-domain measurements: the short-time energy, and short-time zero-crossing rate. They perform well for clean speech but their precision is not guaranteed if there is noise present, since the high energy and zero-crossing rate of the noise is mistaken as a part of the speech uttered. This paper proposes a novel approach in finding an apparent threshold between noise and speech based on Lyapunov Exponents (LEs). This proposed method adopts the nonlinear features to analyze the chaos characteristics of the speech signal instead of depending on the unreliable factor-energy. The excellent performance of this approach compared with the conventional methods lies in the fact that it detects the endpoints as a nonlinearity of speech signal, which we believe is an important characteristic and has been neglected by the conventional methods. The proposed method extracts the features based only on the time-domain waveform of the speech signal illustrating its low complexity. Simulations done showed the effective performance of the Proposed method in a noisy environment with an average recognition rate of up 92.85% for unspecified person.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2000

The chances of disease pattern increased the importance of Health-promoting Lifestyle and a large part of the Health-promoting Lifestyle is associated with individual's habit. Health-promoting Lifestyle among nurses is very important because nurses could be a role model of patients and possibly influence many patients. The purpose of this study was oat on1y to assess how hospital nurses practice their Health-promoting Lifestyle but also to identify those affecting determinants. The subjects were 392 nurses working at 3 different hospital in Seoul. These data were collected by self administered questionnaire from April 27 to May 20, 2000. This study examined Health-promoting Lifestyle using In Sook Park's model, individual characteristics. Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect factors using Pender's model and tried to fine out their relationships. The instruments used in this study were Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by In Sock Park(1995). Likert's four-point scale was used also in this research. The percentage, mean standard deviation, AVNOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 52.3% of sample were aged between 25 and 29, 67.1% were single, 55.6% were university graduates, 51.8% earned 1.5 to 2.0 million won, 57.9% slept for d to 8 hours, 74.5% stated they were healthy. 2. 32.7% of sample worked in surgical gird department, 82.4% worked in 3 shift, 26.3% have been working as nurses for 5 to 7 years. Average score of Perceived self-efficacy was 3.63, Perceived benefits of action was 3.25, Social support was 2.75, and Perceived barriers to action was 1.87 which was the lowest score. 3. The average score if the performance in Health-promoting Lifestyle variable was 2.45 which was lower than previous study. The sanitary life Was 3.18 which was the highest score, harmonious relationship 3.13, emotional support 2.90. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life, whereas the one with the west degree was the health diet. 4. There were no significant difference in perceived benefits of action with individual's a character, but in Perceived bait his of action there were significant differences with age(p<.01), marital status(p<.05), housing(p<.05), and Perceived health status(p<.05). In Perceived self-efficacy, there were significant differences with educational level(p<05), sleeping hours(p<.05), and BMI(p<.05). In Social support here were significant difference with housing and sleeping hours.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.38-49
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• 2018

Since the ratification of the Paris Agreement (COP21), the government is continuously strengthening policies for the reduction of greenhouse gas of the construction industry in accordance with the growing importance of reducing greenhouse gas and obligation of the government. Especially, the government emphasizes the need to improve the energy performance of old public buildings. Since 2014, the government is running a pilot project in which the government supports the construction cost of the green remodeling project of old public buildings and it is intended to develop the best practice of green remodeling and activate the green remodeling in the private sector. In this study, we analyzed the economical efficiency of the old public buildings by each level through green remodeling and conducted building related investigation and equipment measurement to plan the alternatives of the corresponding buildings. The improvement plan is a green remodeling plan that integrates alternatives. Five improvement plans were developed for each level to analyze the economic feasibility of each plan. As for the analysis method, the first energy demand amount calculation and the LCC analysis were performed through ECO2. In the LCC aspect, the improved 3/4 plan (middle level plan) was the most excellent and results were obtained in the order of the highest cost plan followed by the lowest cost plan. As a result, it is expected that it can be utilized as a basic data for future green remodeling performance plan and economic feasibility analysis in the future.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-24
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• 2017

The level of ICT in the country affects economic performance as a basic infrastructure that has a significant impact on the competitiveness of the country. With the proliferation of globalization, ICT-related economic activities such as electronic trade are becoming more active, and the importance of ICT in the country is increasing. This study sought to analyze the impact of ICT level on the economic performance of the nation by subdividing it into three dimensions: accessibility, usage, and utilization skill. In particular, we sought to find ways to effectively resolve the digital divide between developed and developing countries by analyzing the difference in economic impact of ICT level. Furthermore, we tried to verify whether the government regulation and firm's nature of competitive advantage in the international markets play a moderating role in the economic impacts of ICT in the country. As a result of panel analysis with data collected from ITU, WEF and World bank national ICT level has consistently significant influence on economic growth in terms of access and usage. In addition, it was confirmed that the competitive advantage of companies in developed countries and the government regulation in developing countries have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between ICT level and economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.531-554
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• 2020

In order to provide explanations of the practice of the abductive inquiry-based outdoor geological fieldwork education, this study examined the characteristics of students' performance in geological fieldwork before and after the introduction of explicit learning of geologic knowledge and inquiry. To this end, a 21st-class program was developed in the order of pre-evaluation, initial fieldwork, explicit learning of geologic knowledge and inquiry, and post-evaluation and applied to nine middle school students. As research data, outdoor geological fieldwork class recording data and students' activity sheets were collected and analyzed qualitatively. As a result, during the initial fieldwork, students caught clues of low geological importance and used everyday experience and/or general scientific knowledge as a rule when asked to generate hypotheses about the origin of the clues. Also, students evaluated their hypotheses by the scientific accuracy of the rule or their own criterion. Meanwhile, during the final fieldwork, students frequently caught key clues in geologic perspectives and generated geological event hypotheses related to the clues by borrowing geologic knowledge as a rule. Furthermore, students scientifically evaluated their hypotheses based on the consistency of evidence and rules. Combining these results, the effects of learners' geological knowledge and inquiry (abduction) abilities as a path model were presented in order to help students carry out a proficient abductive inquiry in geological fieldwork.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.796-806
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• 2009

SVC (Scalable Video Coding) is a new video coding standard to provide convergence media service in heterogeneous environments with different networks and diverse terminals through spatial-temporal-quality combined flexible scalabilities. This paper presents the performance analysis on packet loss in the delivery of SVC over IP networks and an efficient adaptation method to packet loss caused by buffer overflow. In particular, SVC with MGS (Medium Grained Scalability) as well as spatial and temporal scalabilities is addressed in the consideration of packet-based adaptation since finer adaptation is possible with a sufficient numbers of quality layers in MGS. The effect on spatio-temporal quality due to the packet loss of SVC with MGS is evaluated. In order to minimize quality degradation resulted by packet loss, the proposed adaptation of MGS based SVC first sets adaptation unit of AU (Access Unit) or GOP corresponding to allowed delay and then selectively discards packets in order of importance in terms of layer dependency. In the experiment, the effects of packet loss on quantitative qualities are analyzed and the effectiveness of the proposed adaptation to packet loss is shown.