• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1263-1272
• /
• 1999

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were “coming of change”, “inclined to deny the in mind”, and “adapted life”. Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women’s life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.66 no.1
• /
• pp.13-27
• /
• 2016

There are differences in preference according to the brand signal explicitness when selecting fashion luxury brand, and the purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effects of self-construal and implicit theory in relation to those preferences. This study divided the experiment design into two $2{\times}2$ mixed design studies: Study 1 and Study 2. The study 1 was composed of the following factors: brand signal explicitness(subtle vs. explicit signal) and self-construal(independent vs. interdependent self-construal). Study 2 was composed of the following factors: brand signal explicitness( subtle vs. explicit signal) and Implicit theory(entity vs. incremental theorist). Convenience sampling was conducted to find the subjects of study 1 and study 2. Study 1 analyzed data from 172 women in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Busan who prefer luxury brand, and study 2 used data from 138 women. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Independent self-construal primed group was shown to prefer subtle signal product to explicit signal product, whereas interdependent self-construal priming group preferred explicit signal product to subtle signal product. 2) The entity theorist to prefer explicit signal product to subtle signal product. On the other hand, the incremental theorist did not show significant difference in the preference between subtle and explicit signal products. Therefore, the results of the present study shown the importance of understanding consumers through the difference depending on consumer inclination and psychology, recommending preferred luxury brand according to the inclination of the target customers, and establishing segmented marketing strategy to captivate consumers with these various characteristics.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.468-474
• /
• 2015

Corporations should make efforts to recognize the importance of projects, identify their failure factors, prevent risks in advance, and raise the success rates, because the corporations need to make quick responses to rapid external changes. There are some previous studies on success and failure factors of projects, however, most of them have limitations in terms of objectivity and quantitative analysis based on data gathering through surveys, statistical sampling and analysis. This study analyzes the failure factors of projects based on data mining to find problems with projects in an audit report, which is an objective project evaluation report. To do this, we identified the texts in the paragraph of suggestions about improvement. We made use of the superior classification algorithms in this study, which were NaiveBayes, SMO and J48. They were evaluated in terms of data of Recall and Precision after performing 10-fold-cross validation. In the identified texts, the failure factors of projects were analyzed so that they could be utilized in project implementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.36
• /
• pp.252-261
• /
• 1990

This study intends to provide a beneficial foundation which can aid our understanding of how a clothing consumer group can be classified according to the clothing buying motives, and what differences are there about the importances of stroe image attribute among them and how consumer's preferences to the store image are shown differently among them and ultimately, some concrete data which can be useful in establishing efficient store image strategies for clothing stores. 413 subjects were gathered through convenience sampling method and, for data analysis, cronbach'$\alpha$, frequency, percentage, mean, $x^{2}-text$, 1-test, ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range Test, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis were conducted. The results are as follows; 1. Three kind of factors in the clothing buying motives were determined for analysis of consumers group and by which it was revealed as to be significant for us to classify them four subdivisions; those of fashion pursuit group, self display group, financial utilitarian group, individual group. 2. Importance on store image attribute was revealed then the middle aged women regarded quality, price, service in order as more important factors than others. 3. Store image preferences show significantly when concerned with quality, price, fashion, impression and age of store personnel, convenience for exchanging and returning goods, credit, delivery and repair, mailing of catalogue and discount coupon, exit from, brightness of store among consumer groups. From these findings, concretely store image strategies are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2148-2155
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression and life-stress by values in Korean university students. Data were collected by structured questionnaires form 212 students by convenient sampling methods from August to November 2011. The type of values were classified into: personal oriented values, 64.6%; social oriented values, 35.4%. There were no significant differences in depression by values. But there were significant differences in frequency of experiences and importance of life-stress by values. Also, there were significant differences for correlation between depression and life-stress by values. These results suggest that for the university student, the nursing strategies should be developed in order to improve ability to reduce life-stress and depression considering such differences by values. Especially, it is necessary to attention in management of stress and depression for students with personal oriented values.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2011

Most antineoplastic agents are nonselective in their mechanism of action, affecting noncancerous as well as cancerous cells, and resulting in acute effects such as irritation of mucous membranes and chronic effects such as genotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents are at risk. The present study aimed to develop and apply methods to monitor occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents, using cyclophosphamide (CP) as the model compound. To monitor environmental and biological exposure, potentially contaminated surfaces were wiped and 24 hour urine samples were collected from workers. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was performed, with a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/ml. Measurable amounts of CP were detected on 92% of the sampled surfaces, with a geometric mean of 175.22 $ng/m^2$. Despite the environmental contamination of the model compound, CP was below the detection limit in all urine samples. If workplace contamination cannot be completely avoided, it is importance to reduce exposure to the lowest possible levels. To this aim, efforts to minimize occupational exposure along with biological and environmental monitoring are required. The standardized sampling techniques, and specific and sensitive analytical methods reported in this study may be helpful in assessing occupational exposure and devising strategies to reduce exposure.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.773-786
• /
• 2017

The current study aims to analyze the process of fabric production planning in Dongdaemun Market, which is a successful model case industrial integration in South Korea. We followed the changes in perception among fabric experts, regarding their recognition of fashion trends, and the following planning and process of fabric production. We used the purpose sampling method to select participants for interview in the Dongdaemun Market, then we carried out one-to-one interviews. Our analysis reveals 4 points of importance. First, the fabric planning stage either employed the trend book swatch, or simply reused the model fabrics already available. Even though the experts felt the need to accept the latest fashion trends, very few considered the trends as positive influences in fabric planning. Whereas trend was a key element in identifying the flow of the fashion industry, there were obstacles in carrying out the study. Second, experts frequently participated in domestic fabric seminars, but not in textile exhibitions. Third, domestic and overseas market research has been performed typically at department stores, and typically at Japan. Fourth, the influx of Chinese fabrics has both positive and negative influences, such as low price, and low reliability. In conclusion, experts were less amenable to accepting the latest fashion trends. pre-requisites in real life to meet the use of the current trend of each company. More studies on the Dongdaemun Market from perspectives of practitioners are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

Ground reaction force (GRF) measures are one of the most commonly used in biomechanical study. GRF system is very useful educational tool to explain and demonstrate the Newton's law of universal gravitation and laws of motion as well. However, accuracy, intra- and inter- force platform measures' consistency, reliability, noise, and the effect of platform mounting to GRF measures were not clearly viewed. The aim of this study was to examine the above. GRFs of a plastic dummy and two subjects' quiet upright standing were collected at four university laboratories eight force platforms. The types of platforms, analysis programs, and platform set-up were various. Three 100s-trials were conducted with sampling frequency of 100 Hz. First two trials' vertical component of GRFs, Fz, and CoP sway ranges of mid-60s-portion of 100s trials were analyzed by the paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Six of eight platforms' 1st and 2nd trial dummy Fz were statistically different (p<.05) and all platforms ICC were poor (<.28). Fz of the two platforms in every four laboratories were statistically different (p<.05). There were white noises and/or very distinctive noises at specific frequency ranges in all Fz measures. 5 Hz low-pass filtering made clear the Fz differences. CoP ranges of dummy were less than 0.5 cm and the best was 0.02 cm. This CoP range finding agrees with previous results suggests the importance of force platform mounting and A/D card resolution.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.333-344
• /
• 2020

This research has four specific objectives: (1) identifying factors that affect customer satisfaction with less than container load (LCL) cargo services of logistics companies in HoChiMinh City (HCMC), (2) measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) testing the difference in satisfaction among groups of customers with different characteristics in terms of type of business and time of using LCL cargo services, and (4) proposing some management implications to improve the quality of LCL cargo services. Researchers interviewed 210 customers who enjoyed the LCL cargo service in HCMC for at least the last six months, using the convenient sampling method. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, then exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results identified the six factors that influence positively customer satisfaction of LCL cargo services of logistics companies in HCMC, by decreasing importance: service process, image, resource, price, management, and outcomes. The results show that there is no difference in customer satisfaction with LCL cargo services by types of business as well as time of using services. The research suggests some implications for the management of logistics companies in HCMC to enhance customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2006

The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of periodontal status of adjacent tooth and loading time to the prevalence of red complex of implant sulcus. In 97 patients, partially edentulous subjects with endosseous root-form implants were selected. All subjects were medically healthy and had not taken systemic antibiotics and professional plaque control 3 months before sampling. The number was as follows: clinically healthy implants:161, clinically unhealthy implants:22, clinically healthy adjacent teeth:73, clinically unhealthy adjacent teeth:38. All teeth and implants of each patient were examined probing depth(PD), modified sulcus bleeding index(mSBI), and modified plaque index(mPI), and samples of subgingival plaque were obtained at each site with sterile curet or fine paper points, then the plaque transferred to PBS. Obtained samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship among clinical parameters and the colonizations by the 3 bacterial species from adjacent teeth and implants region were analyzed by student t-test (p<0.05). The results of this study were as follows: 1. mPI and mSBI of implant increased with increasing of same indices of adjacent tooth(p=0.03,0.001), but not in the PD . 2. The mPI, mBI, PD of implants was higher when red complex exist. 3. The prevalence of red complex was higher when the periodontal condition is unhealthy. 4. The prevalence of red complex of implants has no significant relation to the probing depth of adjacent tooth. 5. Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis of implants increased with loading time. (p=0.02,0.018) These results shows the importance of oral hygiene and supportive periodontal therapy.