• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.48-64
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• 2021

Purpose - This study examined the effect of tariff cuts on productivity in Korea's manufacturing industries and the effect of initial productivity level before tariff cuts on productivity improvement after tariff cuts. We also attempted to identify whether import-driven or export-driven factors are more important for productivity improvement, especially in low productivity industries. Design/methodology - Since tariff reduction is a policy decision that can affect cross-industry, its impact is spread across all industries beyond the scope of a single firm through the input and output network of industry structure. Accordingly, we proposed a new method to measure the change in productivity to reflect the impact of tariff cuts across industries. Through an Armington CGE analysis, changes in endogenous variables can be directly measured after the exogenous shock of tariff reduction, and the amount of movements in productivity triggered by tariff cuts can also be calculated. We can thus assess the effectiveness of exogenous policy, such as tariff cuts, through the difference between the benchmark and counterfactual values of endogenous variables. Findings - This study confirmed that tariff reduction positively affected productivity improvement in Korea's manufacturing industries. It also confirmed that productivity gains occur in Korea's leading export industries. Finally, greater productivity gains were recorded in the group with additional high-export-share or high-import-share conditions for low productivity industries. These results are, in a limited sense, consistent with the existing studies that emphasize the importance of exports and imports on productivity improvement, especially for low productivity industries. Originality/value - The results of our experiments are different from those of non-CGE studies, which measure the industry-level change in productivity with dummy coefficients, in terms of directly calculating the amount of change in productivity. In addition, we propose that the Armington CGE model is more appropriate than the Melitz CGE model to directly measure the productivity after tariff cuts. This is because the Melitz CGE model assumes the given specific productivity density, which does not change after an overall drop of tariffs. To the best of our knowledge, this approach to directly calculating productivity by reflecting the impact of tariff reduction across industries through CGE analysis, is unprecedented in this literature.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.434-440
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• 2022

Liver transplantation is a critical used treatment method for patients with end-stage liver disease. The number of cases of living donor liver transplantation is increasing due to the imbalance in needs and supplies for brain-dead organ donation. As a result, the importance of the accuracy of the donor's suitability evaluation is also increasing rapidly. To measure the donor's liver volume accurately is the most important, that is absolutely necessary for the recipient's postoperative progress and the donor's safety. Therefore, we propose liver segmentation in abdominal CT images from pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63 with a two-dimensional U-Net. In addition, we introduce an algorithm to measure the volume of the segmented liver and measure the hepatectomy rate and regeneration rate of pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63. The performance for the learning model shows the best results in the images from pre-operation. Each dataset from pre-operation, POD 7, and POD 63 has the DSC of 94.55 ± 9.24%, 88.40 ± 18.01%, and 90.64 ± 14.35%. The mean of the measured liver volumes by trained model are 1423.44 ± 270.17 ml in pre-operation, 842.99 ± 190.95 ml in POD 7, and 1048.32 ± 201.02 ml in POD 63. The donor's hepatectomy rate is an average of 39.68 ± 13.06%, and the regeneration rate in POD 63 is an average of 14.78 ± 14.07%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.49-67
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between demographic and psychological variables and clothing behavior with reference to sex difference in adult and elderly groups. The clothing behavior was measured by Clothing importance, Interest, Conformity, Modesty, Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, Fashion, and Clothing satis-faction. Psychological variables in this study were self-esteem and life-satisfaction, and demographic variables were sex, education, family type, health, and clothing expenditure. The hypotheses set up in this study were as follows : First, a causal relationship will exist between demographic and psychological variables and clothing behavior in both adult and elderly groups. Second, in clothing behavior a main effect will exist between male and female groups and between adult and elderly groups. Third, in clothing behavior and interaction effect will exist between sex and age. The subjects of this study were 496 adult males, 459 elderly males, and 446 elderly females residing in Pusan area. The material used in this study to measure the clothing behavior was a 5-point rating scale with 31 items in 9 sub-areas developed by the author. The data were collected by five investigatiors well trained in interview before-hand. The following conclusions were obtained from the relults and discussions of this study : First, sex, education, and clothing expendi-ture has a causal relationship with clothing behavior in adult group. Females, higher-educated group, and the group with more clothing expenditure reveal higher concern for clothing. In adult group life-satisfaction does not have any causal relationship with clothing behavior in general execpt for clothing satis-to Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, and Clothing satisfaction in the group. Second, in elderly group sex, education, and health significantly contribute to clothing behavior. A cencern for clothing is higher in female, higher-educated group, and the group with higher perception in health. Self-esteem has a causal relationship with Clothing importance, Conformity, Management, and Clothing satisfaction, whereas life-satisfaction has a strong causal relationship with clothing behavior in general. Third, in both adult and elderly groups a sig-nificant sex diference exists in clothing behavior. Females show higher concern for Clothing importance, Interest, Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, and Fashion than males. On the other hand, males reveal higher concern for Conformity and Clothing satisfaction than females. Fourth, a significant interaction effect exists between age and sex, while elderly females show lower concern for Clothing importance, Interest, and Psychological dependence than adult females, elderly males show higher concern for the same sub-areas of clothing behavior than adult males. This signifies the increase of the concern for clothing in elderly males with the decrease of social activities. Fifth, adult female group reveals lower Con-formity in clothing compared with the other groups, which signifies the higher individuality in clothing behavior. On the other hand, the elderly groups show significantly higher Conformity than the adult groups. this signifies the importance of the consideration for the variables other than individuality in clothing behavior for the group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.527-538
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• 2020

This research measures the urgency and importance listening to experts' opinions as a proposal for vitalization of folk modern dance groups. Firstly, the open type FGI(Focus Group Interview) was implemented for five groups of an expert by applying the new industry foster theory, and total 24 types of second questionnaire were developed through importantly referred or repeated contents. They were distributed to 20 people including a dance group representative, a planner, a university professor and etc to measure experts' importance and urgency. In the research result, For big list, Financial aid for both importance and urgency appear first, and for comparative analysis of importance and urgency for small list, differences in infrastructure construction are shown. "expansion of dance program's advertisement channels" and "rank 1" appeared in "Secure space for dancers". Suggestions for analyzing such results are as follows. It is shown that "detailed financial aid for the operation of dance groups" and etc in the aspect of financial aid, "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of performance and education related production development, "training a dancer who can assimilate a complex genre" in that of manpower training, "arrangement of exclusive space for a dance group" in that of infrastructure building, and "the employment of professional human resources including design and producing etc" in that of consulting support are important and urgent matters considered by experts.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.316-321
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• 2006

Multiplex use facility emphasized the importance of indoor air environment because many people using that place. People using parking lot of multiplex use facility in little time, but a pollutant of in indoor air menacing user health. This study measure and analyze the CO, $CO_2$ for better air quality of an indoor parking lot in the multiplex user facility. As a result, two-way opened above ground parking lot is higher numerical value of CO, $CO_2$ than an underground parking lot. And a parking lot of square form is higher numerical value of $CO_2$ than a parking lot of rectangle form.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

Scientific analysis of crime hot spots is essential in preventing and/or suppressing crime. However, results could be different depending on the analytic methods, which highlights the importance of choosing adequate tools. The purpose of this study was to introduce two advanced techniques for detecting crime hot spots, GAM and Local Moran's I, hoping for more police agencies to adopt better techniques.GAM controls for the number of population in study regions, but local Moran's I does not. That is, GAM detects high crime rate areas, whereas local Moran's I identifies high crime volume areas. For GAM, physical disorder was used as a proxy measure for population at risk based on the logic of the broken windows theory. Different regions were identified as hot spots. Although GAM is generally regarded as a more advanced method in that it controls for population, it's usage is limited to only point data. Local Moran's I is adequate for zonal data, but suffers from the unavoidable MAUP(Modifiable Areal Unit Problem).

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2012

This paper focuses on the finite element (FE) response sensitivity and reliability analyses considering smooth constitutive material models. A reinforced concrete frame is modeled for FE sensitivity analysis followed by direct differentiation method under both static and dynamic load cases. Later, the reliability analysis is performed to predict the seismic behavior of the frame. Displacement sensitivity discontinuities are observed along the pseudo-time axis using non-smooth concrete and reinforcing steel model under quasi-static loading. However, the smooth materials show continuity in response sensitivity at elastic to plastic transition points. The normalized sensitivity results are also used to measure the relative importance of the material parameters on the structural responses. In FE reliability analysis, the influence of smoothness behavior of reinforcing steel is carefully noticed. More efficient and reasonable reliability estimation can be achieved by using smooth material model compare with bilinear material constitutive model.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.399-416
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• 2010

Recently, As a marketing communications strategy, many companies are involved in sports sponsorship. Companies use sports sponsorship to increase the company's image. Or sponsorship gives the company an image change. Businesses have to complement and improve the advertising effects complementary. A new form of sports sponsorship as a marketing vehicle, Companies will bring a new marketing strategy. In addition, the importance of sponsorship is even more greater. In this study, as a way of Sports marketing, Corporate image using a sponsorship affect recognize any on consumer's purchasing behavior. Study results, It proved that Corporate image using a sponsorship affect recognize on consumer's purchasing behavior. It will continue to grow the sports field. Companies is important a variety of communication channels with customers. In this competitive marketplace, To become a competitive business effectively should be communicate with customers.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study was to develop a program outcomes assessment tool using reflection journal. Reflection journal has recently come to gain more attention from school as an alternative assessment tool. Although numerous studies reconfirmed the educational importance and value of reflection journal as an assessment tool, research on the assessment tool of the engineering accreditation, based on education view is scarce. After literature reviews about the case studies on the program outcomes assessment, this study, to analyse the current assessment tools, and then, examined the educational implications of reflection journal as a program outcomes assessment tool. This study suggested the assessment tool using reflection journal for PO6 (teamwork) and PO11 (engineering ethics), one of the most important assessment items in engineering accreditation. In this study, we used the performance criteria, assessment criteria, rubric, and closed the loop to measure the teamwork and engineering ethics. The result of this study is significant in terms of guiding the future evaluation system development for program outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.559-576
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• 2012

Purpose: This research aims at quality improvement of website services on the internet. Methods: SERVQUAL is redefined for web environments as sixteen statements in five dimensions to identify user requirements for websites and measure their importance ratings. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used to integrate user requirements into service development for websites so that management and design guidelines can be obtained for user-oriented websites. Fuzzy set theory is introduced to resolve the ambiguity and subjectivity of user requirements in the House of Quality (HOQ). Results: The priorities of design characteristics are extracted from the Fuzzy QFD for University websites. Conclusion: It is expected to provide quality services in less time with less effort, if the results of the Fuzzy QFD are used to provide services in a strategic way under limited resources.