• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1305-1308
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• 1987

This paper presents a design of an optimized implantable biotelemetry system and the fabrication of custom CMOS LSI for implementing this system. The internal circuits of this system are fabricated on a single silicon chip with a size of $4{\times}5mm^2$. This LSI is designed and fabricated not only to get as small size and low power dissipation as possible, but also to have multiple function. Its main functions are to select one of implanted sensors and to accomplish ON - OFF power switching of an implanted battery by receiving appropriate Command signals and control signals fran external circuits. The internal system which was assembled on a bread-board using fabricated LSI chip is confirmed to work as designed. The total power dissipation of this interal system was $10.12{\mu}W$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

After the 1%S-Al metal is deposited, a thin oxide is formed thereon. Then, a single charged Argon(Ar$^{+}$) is ion implanted into the oxide layer, thereby causing the metal grain in the upper surface of the metal layer to become amorphous. Consequently, the grain size will be reduced and the rough surface of the metal layer flattened. However, the remainder of the metal layer beneath the upper surface thereof will still exhibit large grain size and low resistance, because the Argon ion is only implanted to characterized by a dual-sized grain structure which served to reduce interlayer stress, thereby decreasing the rate of stress migration, and to lower the resistivity of the metal line, thereby enhancing the electromigration characteristic thereof. Experiments have shown that the metal line exhibits a metal migration rate which is approximately 700% less than the control group and a standard deviation which is approximately 200% less than these group.p.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the optimal period of pedicles implantation in the prefabricated periosteofascial flap using a vascular tissue transfer. Flap prefabrication was prepared with a transposition of the central pedicles of right auricle on the calvarium of the New Zealand white rabbit. Thirty flaps were divided into five groups of six flaps, including control group (group I) of the conventional periosteofascial flap based on the right lateral border of parietal bone. The prefabricated flap was elevated as a $2{\times}2cm$ sized island flap and reposed in place in 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the pedicles transfer in groups II, III, IV, and V, respectively. Five days after flap repositioning, the flap viability and vascularity were evaluated with microangiography and histological study quantitatively. The flap survival was increased in accordance with the implanted period of the pedicle. New vessels developed around the implanted pedicle in the 2nd week, and overall vascularization of the flap was accomplished in the 3rd week. The flap with 4 weeks of implantation period, however, showed the same survival rate as the control group. In conclusion, prefabricated periosteo- fascial flap can be created with a vascular tissue transfer, and the optimal duration of the pedicle implantation is more than 4 weeks to obtain adequate flap survival.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2013

Objectives : The aims of this study was to find out whether Jichul-hwan (JCH) extract has an effect on gastric contractility in conscious rats by using a force transducer implanted in the body of the stomach. Methods : The force transducer (model: F-081S, Starmedical, JAPAN) was implanted to the exterior wall of the stomach body in rats. The gastric contractility was measured 30 minutes before and after administration of JCH (110.1 mg/kg). The control group was administrated with normal saline instead of JCH to compare the effect of JCH. The gastric contractility of the control group (normal saline: NS) was also measured 30 minutes before and after administration of NS. Results : The ratio of gastric contractility between before and after medication by JCH was $1.707{\pm}0.731$, and with NS was $0.701{\pm}0.541$. The gastric motility increased by JCH was significantly higher than NS. Conclusions : JCH extract increases gastric contractility in conscious rats. We could expect that this drug would be effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia or post-surgical gastroparesis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2004

Whole liver transplantation, the currently available treatment of end-stage liver disease, has limitations including serious donor shortage, fatal surgical complications, risk of allograft rejection, and the requirement of life-long immunosuppression. In this study, we investigated the possibility of reconstructing liver tissues in vivo by implanting fetal hepatocytes on polymer scaffolds as a potential method to replace the current treatments. Fetal hepatocytes were freshly isolated from mice and seeded onto porous mesh scaffolds fabricated from polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable synthetic polymer. The seeded scaffolds were implanted into peritoneal cavity of athymic mice for one week. As a control, fetal hepatocytes were implanted without scaffold. One week after transplantation, liver-like tissues formed. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that the hepatocyles and liver tissue structures (bile ducts) were present in the newly formed tissues. In the control group, no transplanted hepatocytes were observed. Theses preliminary results suggest that liver tissues may be regeneration by transplanting fetal hepatocytes on polymer scaffolds.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.596-602
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• 2016

Experiments were carried out examine short-term effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and long-term effects of luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) on milt production of the tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. In the first experiment, each fish was implanted with a blank cholesterol pellet (control), 100 and $200{\mu}g$ LHRHa per kg body weight. In the second experiment, fish were injected with either 100, 200, 400 and 800 IU hCG per kg body weight or same volume of marine fish Ringer's solution. In the first experiment, milt volume was increased in male implanted with $200{\mu}g$ LHRHa pellet compared with other groups at day 10. Injection of 400 and 800 IU hCG resulted in an increase in the milt volume at hour 96 after the treatment. Although statistical difference is unable to confirm because of small milt volume, compared with the control group, hormone pellet-treated groups had a reduction in the mean spermatocrit (Sct) and sperm concentration (Sc). The results suggest that the increase in milt volume is at least partially gonadotropin (GtH)-dependent and increased milt volume has a relationship with milt hydration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of implanted chitosan applied to surgically created wound in pigs. Six healthy $2{\sim}3$ months old Landrace and Yorkshire mixed breeds of both genders were used. A 2 cm straight skin incision was made and undermined skin ($2{\times}2cm$) over on the each pig's both sides of dorsal midline at 0, 7. 14 and 18 days. One wound (left side) was implanted 0.4 mg of cotton type chitosan and other wound was treated saline (3 ml). Each wound was closed with two interrupted suture of 2-0 sutures. The wounds created at 18, 14.7 and 0 days were named post-wounding day (PWD) 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. At 21 days after initial wounding, each wound was taken for histological observations. Reepithelialization tended to be greater in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 3 and 14. Granulation tissue formation did not show especial differences in two groups. Number of inflammatory cells was lesser statistically in level in the chitosan group than those in the control group at 21 days after wounding (p<0.05). Fibroblasts and neovasculature tended to be greater in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 3 and 7, and tended to be lesser in the chitosan group than in the control group at PWD 14 and 21. Collagen and fibrin were observed to be evenly distributed around the wound in the chitosan group. But collagen and fibrin were observed to be converged along the wound in the control group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1261-1270
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• 2006

This study was done to investigate the effect of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of herbal-acupuncture with Evodiae Fructus herbal infusion solution(EF-HAS). To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of EF-HAS, we injected EF-HAS into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with Bl6-Fl0 melanoma. Then, we have examined the effect on the increasing of spleen cells, the effect on the number of CD25$^+$/CD4$^+$, CD8$^+$/CD3e$^+$, CD69$^+$/B220$^+$, NK1.1$^+$/CD3e$^+$ cells in mice's PBMCs, the effect on the pulmonary colony number, and the effect on median survival time(MST) and increase of life span(ILS) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with Bl6-Fl0 melanoma. The following results were obtained; in the experiment groups treated with EF-HAS, the spleen cell proliferation in C57BL/6 mice, the percentage of CD25$^+$/CD4$^+$, CD8$^+$/CD3e$^+$, CD69$^+$/B220$^+$, NK1.1$^+$/CD3e$^+$ cells in C57BL/6 mice's PBMCs, and MST and ILS of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with Bl6-Fl0 melanoma were significantly increased compared with that of the control group. And in the experiment groups treated with EF-HAS, the pulmonary colony number of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with Bl6-Fl0 melanoma was decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. These results support a role for EF-HAS might De usefully applied in treatment of cancer.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.573-576
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• 1996

We propose robust control scheme for flexible joint manipulator in the presence of nonlinearity and mismatched uncertainty. The control is designed based on Lyapunov approach. The robust control which is based on the computed torque scheme and state transformation via implanted control is introduced. The design procedure starts with the construction of linearized subsystems via the computed torque method and then uses state transformation. With this approach we do not impose an upper-bound constraint on the inertia matrix in case it is known. Thus, this control can be applied to arbitrary manipulators. The resulting robust control guarantees practical stability for both the transformed system and the original system. The transformation is only based on the possible bound of uncertainty.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.265-286
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• 1997

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-${\beta}$)-related factors and multifunctional proteins, especially the only known biologic factors capable of inducing endochondral bone formation at an extraskeletal site. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the partially purified porcine BMP(pBMP) at an ectopic site. PBMP was partially purified from porcine bone matrix and its activity was monitored by an in vivo bioassay. The purification method utilized extraction of the bone-inducing activity with 4M guanidine, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Active fractions were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. And the fractions were reconstituted with inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix from rats, acid soluble type I collagen from rat tail and chondroitin-6-sulfate sodium salt and implanted into the pectroralis muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats. And the carrier complex was implanted on the opposite side as control. The rats were sacrificed at the day of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st after implantation and examined histologically, radiologically and biochemically. And alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were used as indices of bone formation. The results were as follows ; 1. Active fractions were localized in a zone between 31 and 40 KDa on SDS-PAGE. 2. The implanted 3.0mg of the partially purified pBMP induced cartilage and bone in the muscle tissue of rats through an endochondral ossification process. 3. Inactive insoluble bone matrix, type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate have functioned as carriers for pBMP, but revealed some foreign body reactions. 4. Soft X-ray didn't reveal significant change between the experimental and the control group. 5. The alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group of 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01) with the peak in the group of 11th day. 6. With time, the calcium content of the experimental group increased. And the calcium contents in the experimental group of 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01).