• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.907-915
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• 2010

Three hundred and seventy-three steers (approximately 7 mo of age and $247{\pm}19.4\;kg$) were utilized to determine the effects of trace mineral (TM) source and growth implants on trace mineral status. Steers were blocked by ranch, post-weaning treatment within ranch, stratified by initial body weight, and randomly assigned to one of 36 pens (9-12 head/pen). Treatment consisted of: I) control (no supplemental Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co), ii) inorganic trace minerals, and iii) organic trace minerals. Six pens of steers per treatment received a growth implant at the beginning of the experiment and were re-implanted during the finishing phase. The remaining steers received no growth implants. Steers were fed a corn silage-based growing diet for 56 d then were gradually switched to a high concentrate finishing diet. Treatments during the finishing phase consisted of: i) control (no supplemental Zn); ii) inorganic Zn (30 mg of Zn/kg DM from $ZnSO_4$); and iii) organic Zn (iso-amounts of organic Zn). By the end of the growing and finishing phases, implanted steers had greater (p<0.01) plasma Cu concentrations than non-implanted steers. During the growing phase, liver Cu concentrations (p<0.01) and plasma Zn concentrations (p<0.02) were greater in steers supplemented with TM compared to control steers. Steers supplemented with inorganic minerals had greater liver Cu concentrations than steers supplemented with organic minerals at the beginning (p<0.01) and end (p = 0.02) of the growing phase. During both the growing (p = 0.02) and finishing phases (p = 0.05), nonimplanted control steers had greater plasma Cu concentrations than non-implanted steers supplemented with TM, whereas, implanted control steers had similar plasma Cu concentrations than implanted steers supplemented with TM. Non-implanted steers that received inorganic TM had lower plasma Cu concentrations (p = 0.03) during the growing phase and ceruloplasmin activity (p<0.04) during the finishing phase than non-implanted steers that received organic TM, whereas, implanted steers supplemented with either organic or inorganic TM had similar plasma Cu concentrations.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 1996

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the possibility of clinical use of toothash-plaster block implant material with ratio of 2 : 1 by weight. We made 1cm diameter round partial thickness defect at both sides of calvaria. Right side was implanted with block and left side was not implanted as a control site. The following results were obtained : 1. In gross examinations, the implanted site had a hardness on palpation and the margin with host bone was not identified clearly at 12 weeks after operation. But control site contained the fibrous tissue. 2. In the light microscopic examinations, most of the implanted sites were repaired by newly-formed bone at 12 weeks postoperatively. 3. At 8 weeks postoperatively, the implanted particles were divided into small granules and the amount was decreased gradually. Some remained particles were united directly with newly-formed bone. But the implanted particles still remained partly at 24 weeks postoperatively.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.1061-1065
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• 2002

Sensors need to be implanted to obtain necessary information for LVAS (Left Ventricular Assist System) operations. Size of the sensors can prevent them from being implanted in a patient and reliabilities of the sensors are questionable for a long term use. In this wort we utilize a developed pump model to estimate flow and pressure difference across the pump without implanted sensors and present a method to obtain the physiological variables as aorta pressure and left ventricle pressure from the pump model and pulsatility of flow estimate or pressure difference estimate. These estimated variables can be used for LVAS control as an index or indices.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.611-632
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• 1998

Chitosan has been known as a wound healing agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and guided bone regenerative effect of chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes. The effects of chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes on the growth and survival of human periodontal ligament cells were examined by rapid colorimetric MTT(tetrazolium) assay, and the tissue response and resorption pattern were observed by implanting the membranes into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of rats for 6 weeks. To evaluate the guided bone regenerative potential of membranes, the amount of newly formed bone in the rat calvarial defects(8mm in diameter) was measured by histomorphometry and radiomorphometry 1,2 and 4 weeks after implantation of membranes. Chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membranes showed no adverse effect on the growth and survival of human periodontal ligament cells. When membranes were subcutaneously implanted, inflammatory reaction was observed at 1 week and which gradually subsided 2weeks after implantation. Membranes remained intact throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks. Radiomorphometric analysis of the craniotomy sites revealed that chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted sites showed increased radiopacity over control. Statistically significant differences with control were found in chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted group at 2 and 4 weeks, and chitosan membrane implanted group at 4 weeks(P<0.05). Histomorphometric data indicated a pattern of osseous healing similar to radiomorphometric analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between control and chitosan-cellulose membrane implanted group at 4 weeks(P<0.05). These results implicate that chitosan and chitosan-cellulose membrane might be useful for guided bone regeneration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing process of the calvarial defect filled with hydroxylapatite(HA) and $TGF-{\beta}$ in Rat. 72 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 3 groups, control and two experimental groups. Bony defect were artificially prepared in the calvaria of all 72 rats and followed by implantation of HA (experimental group of 24 rats) and HA+$TGF-{\beta}$(another experimental group of 24 rats) into the defects. Sequential sacrifice was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks of experiment. Obtained specimen was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows, 1. Granulation tissue was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks. Bony defects were filled with dense fibrous tissue through the whole experimental period and osteoinduction could not be observed in all groups. 2. Inflammatory cell infiltration was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks and osteoclastic activity was high in HA implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 3. Inflammatory cell infiltration was less and maturation of fibrous tissue could be found on HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 4. Osteoconduction activity was high in HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 2 and 4 weeks but there was no difference after 6 weeks among 3 groups. 5. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteonectin expression was slightly increased from 1 week to 6 weeks. In the host site, it was increased from 1 to 4weeks. 6. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteocalcin expression was high at 4 weeks. In the host site, we could find the difference among 3 groups. From above results, the HA with mixture of $TGF-{\beta}$ has the potentiality of promoting bone formation in the bony defect area in the rat.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the changes of ovarian, placental and fetal weights and periods of pregnancy in rats implanted with progesterone-tube during the reproductive stages. One hundred and thirty-four mature rats, 10~13 weeks old, were offered for this experiment. The animals, which were implanted with silicon tubes filled with progesterone on day 15 of pregnancy, were sacrified at 18, 20, 21 and 22 days of pregnancy. The changes of ovarian, placental and fetal weights and the number of fetuses during late pregnancy were recorded. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. After progesterone-tube implantation, ovarian weight reached to a peak value of 92.0$\pm$0.9mg at 20 days of pregnancy, there after decreased significantly to 79.5$\pm$7.6 and 68.26$\pm$4.2mg at 20 and 22 days of pregnancy(P<0.01). 2. The placental weight increased rapidly during 15~18 days of pregnancy in control and progesterone treated rats. A peak value of 447.78$\pm$20.9mg was shown at 20 days of pregnancy after progesterone-tube implantation, and in control rats the value decreased significantly to 419.42$\pm$11.6 and 404.1$\pm$29.3mg at 20 and 21 days of pregnancy(P<0.01). 3. The fetal weights was not shown any significant differences between control and progesterone-tube implanted rats. 4. The number of fetuses in control rats were 14.75$\pm$0.4 at 8~10 days of pregnancy and 13.5$\pm$0.3 and 13.25$\pm$0.4 at 12 and 20 days of pregnancy. 5. The significant difference in periods of pregnancy was appeared between progesterone-tube implanted(27.3$\pm$0.3 days) and control(22.1$\pm$0.3 days)rats(P<0.01).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.438-444
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• 1991

This study was designed to evaluate the viability of canine trachea after cryopreservation for two months. Eight cervical tracheal rings were resected in three dogs and both ends were anastomosed. The resected tracheal segments were cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196oC for two months. Two months later, the cryopreserved segments were thawed. Half of each segment was implanted into the abdomen of its donor animal and the other half was cultured in tissue media. Two weeks later, the animal was sacrificed. The native cervical trachea was removed to serve as a control and the abdominally implanted trachea was removed for study. At that time, both specimens were also cultured in tissue media. Tracheal epithelial viability was assessed histologically by using an inverted microscope. The epithelial cells were confirmed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Control and cryopreserved segments showed good, viable epithelial cells, but the implanted segments showed slightly depressed viability. We conclude that canine tracheal epithelium can survive after cryopreservation for two months, but the implanted trachea will be slightly damaged by ischemia before revascularization, even if omental wrapping is used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.750-758
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• 2016

For the channel doping of shallow junction and retrograde well formation in CMOS, indium can be implanted in silicon. The retrograde doping profiles can serve the needs of channel engineering in deep MOS devices for punch-through suppression and threshold voltage control. Indium is heavier element than B, $BF_2$ and Ga ions. It also has low coefficient of diffusion at high temperatures. Indium ions can be cause the erode of wafer surface during the implantation process due to sputtering. For the ultra shallow junction, indium ions can be implanted for p-doping in silicon. UT-MARLOWE and SRIM as Monte carlo ion-implant models have been developed for indium implantation into single crystal and amorphous silicon, respectively. An analytical tool was used to carry out for the annealing process from the extracted simulation data. For the 1D (one-dimensional) and 2D (two-dimensional) diffused profiles, the analytical model is also developed a simulation program with $C^{{+}{+}}$ code. It is very useful to simulate the indium profiles in implanted and annealed silicon autonomously. The fundamental ion-solid interactions and sputtering effects of ion implantation are discussed and explained using SRIM and T-dyn programs. The exact control of indium doping profiles can be suggested as a future technology for the extreme shallow junction in the fabrication process of integrated circuits.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.753-767
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of LiF-maleic acid added calcium aluminate(LM-CA) bone cement & CA-PMMA composite bone cement on the healing of calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. The critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone using the 8mm trephine bur. The rats were divided in three groups : In the control group, nothing was applied into the defect of each rat. LM-CA bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 1 and CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 2. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic analysis, especially about the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissue. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory infiltration was observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and duramater were continuously joined together in the defect area. But the center of defect area was filled up with the loose connective tissue. 2. In the experimental group 1, the bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen, which more increased in 8 weeks than 2 weeks. Inflammatory infiltration and the dispersion of implanted bone cement particles were seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. In the experimental group 2, implanted bone itself had a dimensional stability and no bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Implanted bone cement was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. In addition, inflammatory infiltration was seen around implanted bone cement. On the basis of these results, when LM-CA bone cement or CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in rat calvarial defect, LM-CA bone cement can be used as a bioactive bone graft material due to ability of bonding to the existing bone and CA-PMMA can be used as a graft material for augmentation of bone-volume due to dimensional stability.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

The effects of exogenous estrogen on growth, mammary development, and the age at which the first estrous symptoms are detected were investigated for the first time in Korean native heifers at 6 months of age. At 90 days after treatment, weight gains of heifers implanted with 10 mg of estradiol were not different from those of the control heifers. However, weight gams of heifers implanted with 20 mg of estradiol were significantly increased at 90 days by 18%, relative to control values. At 180 days, cumulative weight gains of heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol averaged 6.7% or 17.8%, respectively, greater than controls. But these values were not statistically significant. Regardless of dosage, teat diameter gains in the treatment groups were significantly increased at 90 days about 159%, relative to controls. Cumulative teat diameter gains in the heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol were also significantly increased at 180 days by 100% or 128%, respectively, compared to controls. Teat length gains in the heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol were significantly increased at 90 days by 200% and 295%, respectively, compared to controls. Cumulative teat length gains in the heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol were significantly 265% and 325%, respectively, higher than controls. The heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol showed a significant increase in teat volume gains at 90 days of 282% or 246%, respectively, over those of the control heifers. Cumulative teat volume gains in the heifers implanted with either 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol were significantly increased at 180 days by 251% and 244%, respectively, compared to control values. However, there were no significant differences m gams of teat diameter, length and volume between heifers implanted with 10 mg and 20 mg of estradiol regardless of 90 days or 180 days. Heifers implanted with 10 mg or 20 mg of estradiol showed the first estrus 20 or 124 days, respectively, faster than controls. Overall, These data strongly suggest that estradiol implantation into heifers stimulates growth and mammary development and hasten the age at which the first estrus in Korean native heifers is observed.