• Title/Summary/Keyword: imperfect

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Performance of Parallel Interference Cancellation with Reverse-Link Synchronous Transmission Technique for DS-CDMA System in Multipath Fading Channels with Imperfect Power Control (불완전 전력 제어와 다중 경로 페이딩 채널에서 DS-CDMA 시스템을 위한 역방향링크 동기식 전송을 채용하는 병렬식 간섭 제거기의 성능)

  • Hwang Seung-Hoon;Kim Yong-Seok;Rhee Jin-Koo
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.42 no.11
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2005
  • This paper analyzes the performance for an improved multistage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) technique with a reverse-link synchronous transmission technique (RLSTT) for DS-CDMA system in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel with an imperfect power control scheme. The performance degradation due to power control error (PCE), which is approximated by a log-normally distributed random variable, is estimated as a function of the standard deviation of the PCE. The uncoded bit error performance is evaluated in order to estimate the system capacity. Comparing with the conventional one-stage PIC system, we show achievable gain around $60\%$ by the RLSTT even in the presence of PCE. We conclude that the capacity can be further improved via RLSTT, which alleviates the detrimental effects of the PCE

Generation of AI Agent in Imperfect Information Card Games Using MCTS Algorithm: Focused on Hearthstone (MCTS 기법을 활용한 불완전 정보 카드 게임에서의 인공지능 에이전트 생성 : 하스스톤을 중심으로)

  • Oh, Pyeong;Kim, Ji-Min;Kim, Sun-Jeong;Hong, Seokmin
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 2016
  • Recently, many researchers have paid attention to the improved generation of AI agent in the area of game industry. Monte-Carlo Tree Search(MCTS) is one of the algorithms to search an optimal solution through random search with perfect information, and it is suitable for the purpose of calculating an approximate value to the solution of an equation which cannot be expressed explicitly. Games in Trading Card Game(TCG) genre such as the heartstone has imperfect information because the cards and play of an opponent are not predictable. In this study, MCTS is suggested in imperfect information card games so as to generate AI agents. In addition, the practicality of MCTS algorithm is verified by applying to heartstone game which is currently used.

A Software Performance Evaluation Model with Mixed Debugging Process (혼합수리 과정을 고려한 소프트웨어성능 평가 모형)

  • Jang, Kyu-Beom;Lee, Chong-Hyung
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.741-750
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we derive an software mixed debugging model based on a Markov process, assuming that the length of time to perform the debugging is random and its distribution may depend on the fault type causing the failure. We assume that the debugging process starts as soon as a software failure occurs, and either a perfect debugging or an imperfect debugging is performed upon each fault type. One type is caused by a fault that is easily corrected and in this case, the perfect debugging process is performed. An Imperfect debugging process is performed to fix the failure caused by a fault that is difficult to correct. Distribution of the first passage time and working probability of the software system are obtained; in addition, an availability function of a software system which is the probability that the software is in working at a given time, is derived. Numerical examples are provided for illustrative purposes.

Optimization of Cooperative Sensing in Interference-Aware Cognitive Radio Networks over Imperfect Reporting Channel

  • Kan, Changju;Wu, Qihui;Song, Fei;Ding, Guoru
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.1208-1222
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    • 2014
  • Due to the low utilization and scarcity of frequency spectrum in current spectrum allocation methodology, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed as a promising method to solve the problem, of which spectrum sensing is an important technology to utilize the precious spectrum resources. In order to protect the primary user from being interfered, most of the related works focus only on the restriction of the missed detection probability, which may causes over-protection of the primary user. Thus the interference probability is defined and the interference-aware sensing model is introduced in this paper. The interference-aware sensing model takes the spatial conditions into consideration, and can further improve the network performance with good spectrum reuse opportunity. Meanwhile, as so many fading factors affect the spectrum channel, errors are inevitably exist in the reporting channel in cooperative sensing, which is improper to be ignored. Motivated by the above, in this paper, we study the throughput tradeoff for interference-aware cognitive radio networks over imperfect reporting channel. For the cooperative spectrum sensing, the K-out-of-N fusion rule is used. By jointly optimizing the sensing time and the parameter K value, the maximum throughput can be achieved. Theoretical analysis is given to prove the feasibility of the optimization and computer simulations also shows that the maximum throughput can be achieved when the sensing time and the parameter of K value are both optimized.

Application of the Polarised Potential-pH Diagrams to Investigate the Role of Sulfate and Dissolved Oxygen in the 3550-ppm NaCl Solution on the Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

  • Chandra-ambhorn, S.;Kumpai, K.;Muangtong, P.;Wachirasiri, W.;Daopiset, S.
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2008
  • The cyclic polarisation technique was applied to determine the corrosion, primary-passivation, transpassive, and protection potential of AISI 316L stainless steels immersed in 3550-ppm NaCl solution containing sulfate in the content up to 3000 ppm. The solutions were kept constant at $27^{\circ}C$ and saturated by laboratory air. The solution pH was varied from 3 to 11. Each type of potentials was plotted in function of pH and linked as lines to determine the different zones in the constructed potential-pH diagram. The predominant regimes of the immunity, general corrosion, perfect passivation, imperfect passivation, and pitting corrosion were determined based on those lines of potentials. Comparing to the potential-pH diagram of specimens immersed in the aerated and deaerated 3550-ppm NaCl solutions, the addition of 3000-ppm $Na_2SO_4$ to these solutions increased the overall, perfect and imperfect, passivation regime by shifting the transpassive-potential line to the noble direction. However, it also widened the imperfect passivation area. The addition of $Na_2SO_4$ did not significantly affect the corrosion potential. It was found that the dissolved oxygen tends to negatively shift the transpassive-potential and protection-potential lines at all studied pH. The considerable effect of dissolved oxygen on corrosion and primary-passivation potentials could not be observed.

Effect of Imperfect Channel Knowledge on M-QAM SER Performance of Space-Time Block Codes (불완전한 채널 정보가 시공간 블록 부호의 M-QAM 심볼에러율 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • 고은석;강창언;홍대식
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.27 no.2A
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we discuss the effect of imperfect knowledge of the transmission channel on the M-QAM SER performance of space-time block codes. Because the channel knowledge is used for decoding of space-time block codes, the imperfect channel knowledge can degrade the performance of space-time block codes. In this paper, the channel mismatch error is modeled as errors in the estimation of the channel due to noise and errors due to the variation of the channel. We derive the analytic expression for the symbol error rate (SER) as a function of the average signal to interference ratio (SIR) per channel including the terms of channel mismatch errors. Simulation results show that the acceptable levels of channel estimation error is 10$\^$-3/ and that of channel variation is f$\_$d/T$\_$B/=0.001 at SNR=20dB in space-time block codes.

Effect of some Different Cultivating Conditions on the Growth and Uptake of Phosphorus in Garlic Plants (Allium sativum L.) (마늘(Allium Sativum L.)에 있어서 몇가지 재배조건(栽培條件)이 생육(生育) 및 인산흡수(燐酸吸收)에 미치는 영향(響影))

  • Ahn, Hak-Soo
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.11
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    • pp.167-171
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    • 1969
  • Gartic bulblets were planted to investigate the effect of some different cultivating conditions on the growth and bulb formation of the garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) Two different conditions namely perfect and imperect aerobic condition, and 3 different fertilizer levels was made. The split plot design was adopted for this experiment. 1) For the growth rate, under the imperfect aerobic condition, the plant height was more increased than that of perfect aerobic condition no relation to the fertilizer levels. 2) With respect to the fresh weight of garlic, the similar tendency to the growth rate was observed, but dry weight was did not. 3) The uptake of phosphorus was found to be increased in the imperfect condition. It could there be concluded that imperfect aerobic condition seems to be much favorable condition than the perfect aerobic condition to the development of garlic bulbs.

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Analysis and simulator implementation of Mighty, an advanced imperfect information game

  • Lee, Jeongwon;Kim, Kwihoon;Kim, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.9-21
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    • 2022
  • Mighty is an imperfect information game, similar to the internationally popular four-player card game Bridge, but more complex in terms of game rules and operation. An environment for exploring and analyzing the strategy of the Mighty Game is required, but compared to the development of many simulators for strategy analysis of other card games such as Bridge, there is no analysis tool for the Mighty Game. Even the definition and understanding of the Mighty game at the academic level is lacking. To solve these problems, this paper systematically defined the procedures and rules of the Mighty Game. And based on this definition, we implemented a simulator that can learn Mighty game and analyze various strategies. For the usability and accessibility of the service, the simulator was developed with JavaScript, and various analysis functions are provided in the web environment. Lastly, comparative analysis with other trick-taking games dealt with in the related research domain showed that the Mighty game has its value as an incomplete information game and that there are many characteristics that make it easy to apply AI-based learning methods.