• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1995

At both international and national levels, such as in the Rio Declaration and the EU's Fifth Environmental Action Plan, governments have committed themselves to the adoption of the precautionary principle (UNCED 1992, CEC 1992). These commitments mean that the existence of uncertainty in appraising policies and proposals for development should be acknowledged. Uncertainty arise in both the prediction of impacts and in the evaluation of their significance, particularly of those cumulative impacts which are individually insignificant but cumulatively damaging. The EC network of EIA experts, stated at their last meeting in Athens that indirect effects and the treatment of uncertainty are one of the main deficiencies of current EIA practice. Uncertainties in decision-making arise where choices have been made in the development of the policy or proposal, such as the selection of options, the justification for that choice, and the selection of different indicators to comply with different regulatory regimes. It is also likely that a weighting system for evaluating significance will have been used which may be implicit rather than explicit. Those involved in decision-making may employ different tolerances of uncertainty than members of the public, for instance over the consideration of the worst-case scenario. Possible methods for dealing with these uncertainties include scenarios, sensitivity analysis, showing points of view, decision analysis, postponing decisions and graphical methods. An understanding of the development of cumulative environmental impacts affords not only ecologic but also socio-economic investigations. Since cumulative impacts originate mainly in centres of urban or industrial development, in particular an analysis of future growth effects that might possibly be induced by certain development impacts. Not least it is seen as an matter of sustainability to connect this issue with ecological research. The serious attempt to reduce the area of uncertainty in environmental planning is a challenge and an important step towards reliable planning and sustainable development.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.967-974
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• 2022

It is no news that Nigeria's infrastructure challenge is enormous. In the global ranking, Nigeria ranked low in quantity and quality of its infrastructural provision which has a great impact on the ease of business transaction. Low investments in transportation have brought about the current infrastructural deficit. Recently, the Nigerian government has made effort to address at least to some extent the infrastructural deficit through Public-Private Partnership, but this has not yielded the desired result. Moreover, the sustainability issues relating to railway projects such as, emissions, noise pollution, ecosystem, and other environmental issues calls for urgent attention. Hence, this necessitated consideration on sustainability appraisal for the Chinese rail project in Nigeria. This study reviews sustainability of railway projects built by the Chinese firm in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the environmental and social impact of these projects. The study further identified issues and challenges in project implementation with a particular focus on civil dialogue and community engagements. A detailed literature search was conducted on railway projects and infrastructure by systematically reviewing selected published articles.The analysis of the selected articles identified sustainability issues and potential for improvement of Chinese railway projects and how they contribute to or inhibit competitiveness in the Nigerian railway market. From the literature searched, some of the projects constructed by Chinese firm revealed that there is economic and social impact of railway projects delivered by the Chinese firm in terms of capacity development and knowledge transfer potentiality. For instance, in the just concluded Lagos-Ibadan railway projects, the study gathered that the project brought about 5000 jobs and local staff were trained by the Chinese company, this will boost man power and local content capability. Also, it will significantly improve Nigeria's infrastructure and boost its economic development. The study suggests that Nigerian government should ensure and provide an enabling environment that is conducive for investment on the continent. Peace, improved security, and decent governance are the best conditions for sustainable transportation growth.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 차량용 네트워크인 CAN(controller area network)와 연계되어 다양한 안전진단을 가능하게 하는 안전진단 센서하드웨어를 구현하고 그 성능을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 새롭게 설계 및 구현된 안전진단센서 하드웨어는 차량용 CAN인터페이스와 연결되며, 안전진단을 위한 다양한 센서(충돌센서, 거리 센서 등)의 데이터를 취득하고 이를 처리하여 CAN, RS232, RS485, I2C등의 통신인터페이스를 통해 전송하는 구조를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 새롭게 설계 제작된 CAN연계형 안전진단 센서보드의 동작을 센싱 데이터와 연계하여 다양한 상황에서 그 성능을 검증함으로서 개발된 하드웨어의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Nonsan Stream and Yanghwa Stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into two types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. Nowadays, The fundamental goal of the river environment restoration enterprise is the rehabilitation or the restoration of the characteristic the river scenic or environment. For instance, The Channel habitats which has physical nature environment such as flat, speedy rapids, or closed-channel wetland, pool are constructed by artificial, Consequently, make them autogenesis smoothy eco-environment. However, the river environment are controlled not only physical environment, but it also need reasonable the quality of the water to compose smoothly. Finally, understanding what influence are effecting on physical habitat environment which are made by natural factors to water quality are very important factor for the river environment restoration enterprise Therefore, In this research, we are targeting to a basin to investigate the environment of the physical channel habitat and evaluate the changing of the water quality. This results will be a important characteristic that can judge the physical habitat and reciprocality connected to the water quality or adequacy of restoration technology. Therefore in this study, as a step to quantify functions and values of habitats and definite factors to perform habitat, we selected a representative stream of sand-stream, gravel-stream to classify habitat characteristics and quantified the physical, chemical, biological characteristics.

• 농촌계획
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study is to construct a rural development strategy from the nexus between spatial changes in specialized crops and suitable cultivation area of the crops. This paper pays particular attention to identify product life cycle of specialized crops in rural areas and estimate the impact of climate change on alterations in spatial distribution of the crops. In order to do so, first of all, this study applies multi-level model (Random coefficient model) to estimate the regional coefficient of five orchard crops. It utilizes the data 1995 to 2010 Korea Agricultural Census. Futhermore, it also adopts overlay analysis by ArcGIS to identify the development path of the crops and the relationship with climate change. Based on the results, it suggests a mechanism activating regional agriculture. The findings propose re-searching and relocating specialized regions of the crops. Especially, it proves each rural area can drive the new agricultural strategy to strengthen regional agriculture by estimating the relationship between development of specialized crops and suitable cultivation areas. For instance, shifting specialized crops in particular regions and enriching genetic or species varieties can be primary measures and it will contribute to improve the reliable base for income sources in the rural communities. This paper also offers specific policy implications regarding rural development plans in response to crops' life cycle and climate changes.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.707-716
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• 2009

The role of cost modeller is to facilitate the design process by systematic application of cost factors so as to maintain a sensible and economic relationship between cost, quantity, utility and appearance which thus helps in achieving the client's requirements within an agreed budget. There are a number of research on cost estimates in the early design stage based on the improvement of accuracy or impact factors. It is common knowledge that cost estimates are undertaken progressively throughout the design stage and make use of the information that is available at each phase, through the related research up to now. In addition, Cost estimates in the early design stage shall analyze the information under the various kinds of precondition before reaching the more developed design because a design can be modified and changed in all process depending on clients' requirements. Parametric cost estimating models have been adopted to support decision making in a changeable environment, in the early design stage. These models are using a similar instance or a pattern of historical case to be constituted in project information, geographic design features, relevant data to quantity or cost, etc. OLAP technique analyzes a subject data by multi-dimensional points of view; it supports query, analysis, comparison of required information by diverse queries. OLAP's data structure matches well with multiview-analysis framework. Accordingly, this study implements multi-dimensional information system for case based quantity data related to design information that is utilizing OLAP's technology, and then analyzes impact factors of quantity by the design criteria or parameter of the same meaning. On the basis of given factors examined above, this study will generate the rules on quantity measure and produce resemblance class using clustering of data mining. These sorts of knowledge-base consist of a set of classified data as group patterns, of which will be appropriate stand on the parametric cost estimating method.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-208
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• 2010

As knowledge-based society comes to the fore, sharing knowledge becomes a hot issue. Among various types of knowledge, a significance of software(applications) and contents is a huge in a current society. Moreover, along with appearance of smartphone, for instance iPhone, Application Store(also known as AppStore) utilized as a common gateway for sharing software and contents, brings a big interest for many users and developers. However, prior research to understand users' behavior on AppStore has been a scant. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of key smart service environmental factors on AppStore in order to empirically explain users' psychological feelings of intention to use AppStore. Based on a well-known technology adoption model, TAM, the study incorporates three main characteristics(user, society, and service) with six constructs(Innovation, Enjoyment, Subjective Norm, Information Level, Content variety, and Cost), influencing perceived usefulness, which then affects users' intention to use AppStore. Results provide evidence that support the tested hypotheses. The implications of the findings suggest a new theoretical work for future AppStore research and offers suggestions that the researchers and practitioners of AppStore should consider regarding the development of application and contents.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.641-646
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• 2009

This study examines the effects of water shortage on agricultural wages in Northwest Bangladesh. For this study, meteorological data including information on the monthly temperature, precipitation, wind speed, hour of sunshine and humidity of six weather stations have been utilized during the monitoring period from 1985 to 2005. With the objective to analyze water surplus and water deficiency, a simple soil-water balance model and the modified Penman formula were applied to the Northwest Bangladesh. The seasonality of Mann-Kendell trend statistics has been used to identify the spatial variation of water surplus and deficiency throughout the region. For micro level verification of the result, a detailed field survey has been conducted within the study area. The results showed that the values of the potential evapotranspiration estimated by the modified Penmen equation were negative for certain periods. In this instance, the water deficiency of the district of Rajshahi was observed significantly in the period of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. The field study also verified that because of such deficiency in water, the agricultural scenario of the area was widely influenced which lead to less agricultural production and less economic benefits.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics for pattern by making a sort of various store choice behaviors and analysing impact both direct and indirect, which is based on the presentation of the influence of clothing store choice behavior into the causal relationship per store type against clothing shopping orientation, information search activity and store image attribution. The results was that consumers who like to the top brand's commodities, had commonly high tendency to and fro its trademark and store allegiance. Furthermore, they have usually bought something following on their inclination what they had purchased as well as the store decoration character and the marketing promotion attribute. The other consumers who prefer to the discount store's merchandises, had also high propensity and the biggest influence on buying something which were those factors; their instance shopping habit, utility-economy trait, follow the fashion character and strong circumspection tendency besides using the mass media Info., personal data and commodities' attribute.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.602-613
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• 2013

This paper aims at an investigation of the features of bacterial communities in surface sediments of the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, biogeographical distribution patterns and the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria found in sediments collected from a coral reef platform, a continental slope, and a deep-sea basin were determined. Bacterial diversity was measured by an observation of 16S rRNA genes, and 18 phylogenetic groups were identified in the bacterial clone library. Planctomycetes, Deltaproteobacteria, candidate division OP11, and Alphaproteobacteria made up the majority of the bacteria in the samples, with their mean bacterial clones being 16%, 15%, 12%, and 9%, respectively. By comparison, the bacterial communities found in the SCS surface sediments were significantly different from other previously observed deep-sea bacterial communities. This research also emphasizes the fact that geographical factors have an impact on the biogeographical distribution patterns of bacterial communities. For instance, canonical correspondence analyses illustrated that the percentage of sand weight and water depth are important factors affecting the bacterial community composition. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of adequately determining the relationship between geographical factors and the distribution of bacteria in the world's seas and oceans.