• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the impact of motivation through Response-Based Learning (RBL) on elementary students' attitude of participation and change before and after a Physical Education class and provide a perspective on the understanding of the practice of the PE class. For this purpose, this study selected 115 students in fifth grade in N. Elementary School located in the C. region as subjects, regardless of their sex. An exploratory factorial analysis was conducted with the subjects, and they were analyzed, applying a product-moment coefficient to examine the similarity between the factors. As shown in the result of this study, it is necessary to promote student-centered education instead of one-sided cramming education. Also, it is important to consider and convergence on apply the factors of learning before and after the class to be able to contribute to students' active and positive participation in the PE class.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2013

This study examines the effect of aerosols on the vertical invigoration of continental stratiform clouds, using a dataset of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Intensive Operational Period (IOP, March 2000) at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. To provide further support to our observation-based findings, the weather research and forecasting (WRF) sensitivity simulations with changing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations have been carried out for the golden episode over SGP. First, cross correlation between observed aerosol scattering coefficient and cloud liquid water path (LWP) with a 160-minutes lag is the highest of r = 0.83 for the selected episode, which may be attributable to cloud vertical invigoration induced by an increase in aerosol loading. Modeled cloud fractions in a control run are well matched with the observation in the perspective of cloud morphology and lasting period. It is also found through a simple sensitivity with a change in CCN that aerosol invigoration (AIV) effect on stratiform cloud organization is attributable to a change in the cloud microphysics as well as dynamics such as the corresponding modification of cloud number concentrations, drop size, and latent heating rate, etc. This study suggests a possible cloud vertical invigoration even in the continental stratiform clouds due to aerosol enhancement in spite of a limited analysis based on a few observed continental cloud cases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (K-SIS 3.0) in patients with stroke. Methods: Patients with stroke longer than 3 months were invited to participate in the study at specialized rehabilitation centers in Busan. Information on patients was collected using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Bathel Index (MBI), Beck Depression Index (BDI), WHODAS 2.0-12 item, and K-SIS. Floor and ceiling effects of each domain of K-SIS were examined. The internal consistency of each domain of the K-SIS was calculated using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Correlation between K-SIS and each scale was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Ninety subjects participated in the study. The K-SIS was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.93$). Each domain of the consistency ranged from 0.86 to 0.94, except the emotion (${\alpha}=0.51$). Significant correlations were observed between MMSE and domains of memory and thinking, and communication (r=0.48 and 0.52 respectively). BDI was negatively related to domains of emotion, ADL, mobility, and participation (r=-0.43, -0.49, -0.52 and -0.33 respectively). Specific daily activity (MBI) and general functioning (WHODAS 2.0) were also found to be closely related to the domains of ADL, mobility, and participation (ranging from r=-0.41 to r=-0.59). No ceiling and floor effect was observed. Conclusion: Excellent reliability and validity of K-SIS were obtained in the study and it could be suggested that K-SIS may be used for patients with stroke for collection of information on functioning in the clinical context.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to seek AEI(Air Environmental Indices), PSI(Pollutant Standard Index) and the urban air quality control goal(the best available alternative energy program) by assessing the best ratio of energy types used in urban enterprises, based on harmful health effect and air quality standard and costs. This study is focused on an urban area(Puchun), where area sourcees are associated with heavy traffic, large population, and its industrial sources with large emissions. In the first step, air modeling, estimation of AEI and PSI, and benefit-cost analysis were carried out. In the second step, we assessed that 660 scenarios about the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in urban enterprises with regard to air quality and cost. In the third step, the best available alternative energy program was selected for the ratio of energy species(B-C oil, light oil and LNG) by using the lexicographic method. From the emission analysis, main source of $NO_2$ is identified as industries and air quality is evaluated according to the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in urban enterprise. The modeling data of TSP, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, CO, $O_3$, by ISC3 and PBM are respectively $118{\mu}g/m^3$, 0.027ppm, 0.025ppm, 2.0ppm, 0.55ppm in indurstrial area. That data are close to Environmental Air Quality Standard. By means of sensitivity analysis, we obtained the difference in concentration between the areas(Nae-dong, Joong-dong) according to the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG used in the industries. From the result of alternatives assessment the lowest AEI value and cost, the ratio of B-C oil, light oil and LNG are 2.5%, 20%, 77.5%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2011

The ground vibration has effect on the human body and the nearby structure. However, it was very difficult to estimate the damage of structure caused by the vibration. Especially, ground vibration must be estimated on the bottom of structure because it was made up of several mediums. In this study, it was considered about the shock vibration on medium characteristics as calculating the peak particle velocity and analysing the vibration waveform. The results are as follows : Firstly, the correlation coefficient of PPV(Peak Particle Velocity) and SD(Scaled Distance) was very high at the vertical component, which was represented to 0.991 in general ground medium and each 0.989, 0.961, 0.925 in concrete medium. And also, the vibration waveform at the vertical component was very good in all mediums. Secondly, the vibration waveform at the longitudinal component was represented to a great amplitude and phase difference in all mediums. It was considered that the vibration waveform occurred the damping when particle velocity by shock vibration was propagated through other medium. Thirdly, the vibration waveform in concrete medium was represented to variation of amplitude in the order of RC medium, NC=H medium, NC=S medium at the vertical component. It was considered that the particle velocity propagated fast when a medium have a big strength and density.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.423-430
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• 2020

To improve the low treatment efficiency of sewage treatment plants, the separated sewer system must be maintained to provide an adequate flow rate and quality of the sewage under the effect of inflow. In this study, data from five locations of Namsuk, Dukgok1, Dukgok2, Kanggu, and Opo were used to conservatively calculate the inflow water volume. The sewer flow and rainfall data were collected in 2017. The factors in the standard method used to calculate the inflow of the combined sewer pipes including "rainy days", "rainfall impact period", and "period for basal sewer" were defined as 3 mm/day, continuous rain for two days, and two weeks prior to the inflow generation, respectively. "Rainy days", "rainfall impact period", and "period for basal sewer" were conservatively adjusted to 5 mm/day, continuous rain for five days, and three weeks prior to the inflow generation, respectively. As a results of the adjustment, the linearity (r²) was improved except for in Dukgok1. This implies that the conservative adjustment made in this study could improve the management quality of sewer pipes. Also, the linear correlation coefficient (a_i) between inflow and rainfall showed a large difference between the target locations, which can be another monitoring factor affecting the quality of sewer pipes. To improve the correlation based on the individual characteristics of the locations in Korea, the automatic algorithm for the inflow calculation should be developed by innovative intellectual technologies for application to the entire national area.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.478-483
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• 2012

The speed performances of ice sea trial on the Arctic(2010 & 2011) area were shown different results depend on the ice floe size. Penetration phenomena of level ice was not happened on medium ice floe and tore up by the impact force because the mass of medium ice floe is similar to the mass of Araon which is Korean ice breaking research vessel and did not shut up by the ice ridge or iceberg. The sea trial on the Amundsen sea was performed at the big floe which is classified by WMO(World Meteorological Organization). Three measurements of ice properties and five results of speed trial were obtained with different ice thicknesses and engine powers. To evaluate speed of level ice trial and model test results at the same ice thickness and engine power, the correction method of HSVA(Hamburg Ship Model Basin) was used. The thickness, snow effect, flexural strength and friction coefficient were corrected to compare the speed of sea trial. The analyzed speed at 1.03m thickness of big floe was 5.85 knots at 10MW power and it's 6.10 knots at 1.0m ice thickness and the same power. It's bigger than the results of level ice because big floe was also slightly tore up by the impact force of vessel based on the observation of recorded video.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.454-464
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• 1987

The objective of this research is to analyze and evaluate the dynamic flow curve of metals under impact loading at both high strain rate (.epsilon.=1/h dh/dt > 10$\^$3/m/s/m) and large strain (.epsilon.=In h/h$\_$0/ > 1.0). A test method for dynamic compression of metal disc is described. The velocity of the striker face and the force on the anvil are measured during the impact period. From these primitive data the axial stress, strain, and strain rate of the disc are obtained. The Strain rate is determined by the striker velocity divided by the specimen height. This gives a slightly increasing strain rate over most of the deformation period. Strain rates of 100 to 10,000 per second are achieved. Attainable final strains are 150%. A discussion of several problem areas is presented. The friction on the specimen surfaces, the determination of the frictional coefficient, the influence of the specimen geometry (h$\_$0//d$\_$0/ ratio) on the friction effect, the lock-up condition for a given configuration, the friction correction factor, and the evaluation of several lubricants are given. The flow function(stress verus strain) is dependent on the material condition(e.g., prior cold work), specimen geometry, strain rate, and temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to analyze flow characteristics for a side weir, which is an inlet structure for flow discharge reduction in the main channel through 3 dimensional numerical analysis and to understand the efficiency of the overflow effect at the side weir. In this study over 40 simulations using FLOW-3D, a computational fluid dynamics program were conducted, and the results were analyzed to find the influence of the flow hydraulics, geometry, channel and weir shapes on the coefficient. It is especially considered the relatively high stage in downstream that may cause flow within channel to be backed up along the channel. Additionally by setting up the scale of simulations much larger than the existing test equipment designed by other researchers, it is intended to analyze more accurate hydraulic behavior along with the realistic hydraulic features such as structures and volumes of flow. The results show that for design with subcritical flow only if the Froude number of upstream is sustained below 0.5 and the length of weir is 33-100% of the width of channel, it is expected to improve the efficiency of the overflow over a side weir.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the risk of both individual and combined health behaviors on premature mortality in middle aged men in Korea. Methods: In total, 14 533 male subjects 40 to 59 years of age were recruited. At enrollment, subjects completed a baseline questionnaire, which included information about socio-demographic factors, past medical history, and life style. During the follow-up period from 1993 to 2008, we identified 990 all-cause premature deaths using national death certificates. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each health risk behavior, which included smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, and lack of sleep hours. Using the Cox model, each health behavior was assigned a risk score proportional to its regression coefficient value. Health risk scores were calculated for each patient and the HR of all-cause premature mortality was calculated according to risk score. Results: Current smoking and drinking, high body mass index, less sleep hours, and less education were significantly associated with all-cause premature mortality, while regular exercise was associated with a reduced risk. When combined by health risk score, there was a strong trend for increased mortality risk with increased score (p-trend < 0.01). When compared with the 1-9 score group, HRs of the 10-19 and 20-28 score groups were 2.58 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 2.19 to 3.03) and 7.09 (95% CIs, 5.21 to 9.66), respectively. Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, drinking, and regular exercise, have considerable impact on premature mortality and should be assessed in combination.