• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1619-1637
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• 2016

With wide distribution of smart phones and development of mobile network, social network service (SNS) is displaying remarkable growth rates. Users build new social relations by sharing their interests, which brings surging growth to the SNS based on the combination between the strength of expanding the place for communication and distribution of smart phones featured with easy portability. This study is designed to understand impact factors of SNS on users in Korea and to conduct empirical research on casual relationship between the factors above and the factors affecting personal information behavior through the privacy protection and self-efficacy. In order to accomplish the objective above, the study presented a research model applied with key variables of the Health Belief Model (HBM) predicting behaviors capable of recognizing and preventing individual diseases in the field of health communication. To perform empirical verification on the research model of this study, a survey was conducted upon college students at N university located in Chungcheongnam-do and K university in rural area, who have experiences using the SNS. Through this survey, a total of 186 samples were collected, and path analysis was performed in order to analyze the relationship between the factors. Based on the findings from the survey, first, variables Perceived probability, Perceived severity, Perceived impairment of the HBM, key factors of personal information protection behavior on the SNS, were found to exhibit negative relationship with self-efficacy, and Perceived probability, Perceived benefit, Perceived impairment were found to exhibit negative relationship with privacy protection. But the above, Perceived severity showed positive relationship with privacy protection, and Perceived benefit and self-efficacy also displayed positive relationship. Second, although self-efficacy, a parameter, showed positive relationship with privacy protection, it demonstrated negative relationship with personal information protection behavior. Lastly, privacy protection exhibited positive relationship with personal information protection behavior. By presenting theoretical model reflected with characteristics of prevention based on these findings above unlike previous studies on personal information protection using technologies threatening personal information, this study is to provide theoretical and operational foundation capable of offering explanations how to predict personal information protection behavior on the SNS in the future.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine elderly people's oral health behaviors and education needs. The subjects in this study were 195 senior citizens who were users of senior cultural centers and senior welfare agencies in Seoul and Incheon. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSSWIN 19.0. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Gender, academic credential and monthly mean income were identified as the general characteristics to impact on their oral health attitude. 2. The senior citizens who ever received oral health education had a better knowledge(p<0.05) and took a better attitude(p<0.01). 3. As for a time for toothbrushing, many brushed their teeth after breakfast(74.9%) and dinner(71.8%). Utilized Oral hygiene devices were interdental brushes(21.5%), dental floss(13.8%). As many as 62.5% felt they had a dry mouth, and the most prevalent way for them to cope with it was drinking water often(68.2%). 79.5% didn't get their teeth cleaned on a regular scaling. 4. The rate of regular scaling was higher in the elderly groups that ever received oral health education and whose knowledge scores was above the average(p<0.05). 5. In relation to the necessity of oral health education, 87.2% felt the need for that, and as many as 79.0% intended to receive that education. Their favorite period of education was 6months(41.0%), and the greatest group hoped to receive that education for an hour(55.4%). The largest group wanted to learn about prevention of oral diseases, followed by toothbrushing, denture management, dry mouth. Given the findings of the study, senior welfare centers and senior cultural centers should offer oral health education programs as part of lifelong education to provide systematic and prolonged education for the elderly to improve their oral health care to promote their oral health.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.44
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• pp.197-236
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to discover the distinctive aspects of Sijo in the 17th Century through five old music scores, "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo", "白雲庵琴譜 baekwoonamgeumbo", "增補古琴譜jeungbogogeumbo", "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", "琴譜古geumbogo", which were compiled in this time period. First, four Sijo works are found from the "梁琴新譜Yangqeumsinbo" and one of them is noteworthy because it was sung as 中大葉Jungdaeyeop, 初中大葉 Chojungdaeyeop, 二中大葉Yijungdaeyeop and showed signs to fit the Sijo format type since the 17th century. In "白雲庵琴譜baekwoonamgeumbo", there are three Sijo works (one has recorded music scores and two don't) and one of them is discovered with last phrase being omitted. In "延世大學校所藏琴譜geumbo in Yonsei University", there are 9 Sijo works performed with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop. In "增補古琴譜 jeungbogogeumbo", there are three works performed with 數大葉Sakdaeyeop and one of them is noteworthy as a clue about the relations between Sijo and Goryeosokyo because it is a modified work which adapted the Goryeosokyo "Gasiri" according to the Sijo format. In 琴譜古geumbogo, there are three works with high possibility that repertoire with 中大葉Jungdaeyeop were already set up at this time. Based on these five music scores, it can be mentioned that a lot of Geumbos were compiled in 17th century, not for the purpose of enlightening discourse at the national level but for referencing for music lovers by themselves to memorize songs individually. It is also discovered that Sijo was performed with only 平調pyeong-jo out of 羽調woo-jo, 羽調界面調woojokyemyen-jo, 平調pyeong-jo, 平調界面調pyeongjokyemyun-jo in early 17th century, but it was performed with other three and 數大葉Sakdaeyeop as well after the mid-17th century. On the other hand, despite the change in the musical tunes, lyrics do not show a significant change at this time because it is estimated repertoire with specific piece of music was already formed in 17th Century. However, performing itself would give a certain impact on change and loss of lyrics because it tends to focus on communication and emotional connection between singers and audience. Clarifying characteristics in Sijo from old music scores is meaningful in that Sijo can be understood better not only as written poetry but also as oral poetry and overcome bias of previous researches which have been proceeded mainly on Sijo lyrics collection(歌集).

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.39-60
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of insurance product cross selling performance. For the study, 11 insurance managers and 2 sales managers belonging to A insurance agency were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted. The analysis of the research data was done by the open coding method suggested by Strauss & Corbin(2001). As a result, 84 concepts, 28 subcategories and 10 categories were derived. The ten categories that were determinants of insurance product cross-selling performance were personal characteristics, consultation method, cross-selling ratio, sales culture, education, customer change, customer DB provision, satisfaction, business support system, and customer service. In order to verify the qualitative results, quantitative analysis was emplyed to the actual performance data of insurance planners belonging to A insurance agency during April 2016~March 2019. As a result of the analysis, the age, position, and the number of months worked in the insurance company had a statistically significant effect on the number of life insurance contracts in total insurance contracts and life insurance contracts in total insurance contracts. In addition, the age, position, and the number of months worked in the insurance company had a statistically significant negative impact on the number of non-life insurance contracts in the total number of insurance contracts and the total amount of insurance contracts in total insurance contracts. The result of this study can be an important basic data for the development of educational programs and job support systems for the training of insurance planners. Insurance companies should refer to ten categories derived from qualitative research in order to increase the performance of insurance planners and to promote long-term service. Especially, it is necessary to develop specialized education programs and job support systems so that cross sales that increase the proportion of life insurance sales increase.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.163-180
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• 1978

Much of a person's energy is spent in the effort of becoming a productive member of to-day's complex society. This activity may cause tension, and chronic unrelieved tension is an influential factor in blood pressure elevation. The problem of this study was to identify manifest needs and self-actualization of patients with essential hypertension, and to analyse and compare their manifest needs and selt-actualization with the selected general characteristics of We, sex, religion, occupation and level of education with a control group of patients with normal blood pressure readings. The purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing interventions toward reducing the impact of complex psycho-somatic factors on the anxiety of patients with essential hypertension. The instruments used included selected items from the Edwards (1959) Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) as adapted by Hwang (1965) and from the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) (Shostrom 1964, 1974) adapted by Kim and Lee (1977) to measure manifest needs and self-actualization. The convenience sample was chosen from 149 persons who presented themselves for general physical examinations at Ewha University Medical Centre and 41 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at three general hospitals in Seoul during June 1 and August 31, 1977. Forty-nine persons from the Ewha group with blood-pressure readings exceeding 150/90 were added to the experimental group. Data were analysed by the S.P.S.S. computer programme using t-test and tests for statistical significance. Statistically significant findings were as follows: A. Blood Pressure and Manifest Needs. 1. with the exception of Autonomy, patients with hypertension had significantly high scores on all variables Abasement, Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Emotionality, Exhibitionism and Sex. 2. When mean scores of normal persons were compared by age groups, normal persons had higher scores in the following order on Abasement (50's, 40's, 20's, 30's), Achievement (50's, 30's, 40's, 20's), Affiliation (50's, 40's, 30's, 20's), Dominance (50's, 40's, 40's, 20's) and Exhibitionism (30's, 50's, 40's, 20's). In each case, there was a significant difference between the first and last age group scores. 3. When the mean scores of normal persons were compared by sex, normal men had higher scores than women on Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex. Male patients had higher scores than female patients on Achievement, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex, but female patients scored higher in Emotionality. 4. Normal persons had higher scores related to religion in the following order on Achievement (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hyper tensive patients had higher scores on. Exhibitionism (no religion, Christianity, Buddhism). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Achievement and Exhibitionism (unemployed, office workers, teachless, businessmen), Emotionality (office workers, unemployed, businessmen, teacher) and Sex (office workers, unemployed, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Achievement and Aggression (teachers, businessmen, office worker, unemployed), Dominance and Exhibitionism (businessmen, teacher, of ace workers, unemployed) and Sex (teachers, office worker, businessmen, unemployed). 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of edification in the following order on Abasement, Emotionality and Autonomy (secondary school graduation, university). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Abasement (no education, primary, university, secondary), Achievement (no education, secondary, university, primary) , Dominance (university, no education, secondary, primary), Exhibitionism (university, secondary, no education, primary), and Sex (university, secondary, primary, no education). B. Blood Pressure and Self_Actualization 1, Patients with hypertension had significantly lower scores on all variables. 2. Normal persons had higher scores related to age groups in the following order on Existentiality (20's, 30's, 40's, 50's). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 3. Normal women had higher scores than men on Time Competence. Normal men had higher scores on Feeling Reactivity. Male patients had higher scores than women on Self-Actualizing Value and Self-Regard. 4. Normal persons ha 1 higher scores related to religion on spontaneity (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Time Competence and Nature of Man (Buddhism, Christianity, no religion). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Existentiality (teachers, office workers, businessmen, unemployed) and Self-Regard (unemployed, office workers, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of education in the following order on Existentiality and Self-Acceptance (university, secondary). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on inner-Director (university, secondary, no education, primary) and Existentiality (university, secondary, primary, no education). Recommendations for nursing interventions with hypertensive patients with emotional problems or low self-actualization were made. 1. The nurse should encourage the patient through her interactions with other members of the medical team to accept counselling and health education. 2. Through her therapeutic interpersonal relationships with the patient, the nurse should help him discover the causes of his emotional tension. 3. Through her health teaching with the family, the nurse should encourage them to participate with the medical team in the patient's therapeutic plan and in providing him with the minimum possible emotional support. 4. Through frequent counselling with the obsessive-thinking and inflexible patient, the nurse should reevaluate the patient's behaviour and her interventions. 5. Seriously ill patients should be given needed reeducation by members of the professional medical team.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine how oral health literacy of mothers affect the oral health status of their preschool children. The subjects were 233 mothers and their preschool children who are between 5 and 6 years old. They were selected according to the convenience sampling method. The individual self-administered questionnaire was used for the mother's survey while the children were interviewed using structured questionnaire to examine their oral health status and behavior. According to study results, the number of decayed primary teeth and the number of decayed and filled primary teeth had a statistically significant negative correlation with the oral health literacy of the mother, the children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior (COHKAB), and the mother's oral health management behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed after including general characteristics variables, the COHKAB and the mother's oral health management behavior. Meanwhile, mother's oral health literacy had a statistically influence on children's oral health status. The higher the mother's oral health literacy level, the lower the number of decayed and filled primary teeth were. The findings suggest that efforts to improve the oral health status of preschool children should consider mother's oral health literacy as an important factor. Therefore, the effective intervention and education programs are necessary to enhance mother's oral health literacy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting hearing loss in adolescent's use of PCPs, and to give the basic data for adolescent's hearing conservation program development and prevention education against their hearing loss. This study was a descriptive research about three factors affecting hearing loss; the knowledge and attitude about noise, the perception of hearing loss and the hearing threshold. The subjects of this study were 383 students in two general high schools and two vocational high schools in Teagu. They have been using PCPs but with no current or past ear disease. This study was carried out from Sep. 1. 2000 to Oct. 24, 2000. The instrument used for the knowledge and attitude about noise was a questionnaire developed by Rhee. Kyung Yong and Yi. Kwan Hyung(1996). The instrument used for the perception of hearing loss was a Smith Hearing Screening Questionnaire. A Belton Model 112 Audiometer. air-conduction hearing test instrument. was used for the hearing threshold. Data was analysed by a SPSS/Win 10.0 program with frequency. percentage, t-test. ANOVA and pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The average of concern about hearing scored the highest $3.66{\pm}0.70$. The average of perceived susceptibility scored $2.64{\pm}0.85$ and the average of knowledge about noise scored $2.13{\pm}0.56$. The average of total knowledge and attitude about noise scored $2.82{\pm}0.46$. The average of discomfort of hearing loss($2.51{\pm}0.81$) scored higher than that fear of hearing loss($1.35{\pm}0.53$). The average of total perception of hearing loss scored $1.93{\pm}0.59$. The hearing threshold of the subjects scored the highest at 500Hz(Lt. $23.21{\pm}6.62$, Rt. $23.39{\pm}7.02$) and scored higher in order of 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 4000Hz and 8000Hz. 2. The knowledge and attitude about noise and the perception of hearing loss were both affected only by one important characteristic, which was general and vocational high schools. The knowledge and attitude about noise raked (t=5.258, p=0.000), and perception of hearing loss raked(t=2.241. p=0.026). However. several other important characteristics also impacted significantly on the knowledge and attitudes about noise. They included grade (t = 1. 987. p=0.048), father's education(F=2.745. p=0.043), marks(F=3.157, p=0.044), drinking(t=2.307, p=0.022) and smoking(t=2.587, p=0.010). The left hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at 1000Hz(t=5.175, p<0.001) and 8000Hz (t=3.334, p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools (p<0.001), at 500Hz (t=-5.056), 1000Hz (t=-5.253), 2000Hz (t=-4.905), 4000Hz (t=-4.704) and 8000Hz (t=-5.204) significant differences were also shown. Marks were significant at 1000Hz (F=3.824, p<0.05) and drinking was found to be significant at 500Hz(t=2.203, p<0.05). The right hearing threshold differed significantly by sex at l000Hz(t=5.557. p<0.001). 4000Hz(t=2.234. p<0.05) and 8000Hz (t=2.730. p<0.01). According to general and vocational high schools(p<0.001) at 500Hz (t=-4.730), 1000Hz(t=-6.271). 2000Hz (t=-4.573). 4000Hz(t=-3.554) and 8000Hz (t=-3.405) significant differences were also shown. Grades impacted at 500Hz(t=2.201. p<0.05) and 4000Hz(t=2.511. p<0.05), while marks were significant at l000Hz(F=4.1l5. p<0.05) and drinking was significant at 500Hz(t=2.333. p<0.05). 3. The left hearing threshold in accordance with use of PCPs differed significantly at 2000Hz(F=2.996. p=0.03l) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.197. p=0.022) according to duration${\times}$hours per day. The right hearing threshold differed significantly at l000Hz(F=3.075. p=0.028) according to volume level and at 8000Hz(F=2.925. p=0.034) according to duration. 4. The knowledge and attitudes about noise showed a light positive correlation with the perception of hearing loss. A positive correlation was shown. as stated previously in all Hz, between the left hearing threshold and the right hearing threshold, especially the highest correlation at 2000Hz(r=0.761. p=0.000). This study has shown that the factors related to adolescent's use of PCPs are important as they impact significantly an adolescent's hearing. These results then indicate that in future, when designing a hearing conservation program and prevention education this data should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

In the West, of the body's five senses sight is considered the most important but Ocular-centralistic thinking contains many issues. Privileging the subject and inhibiting interaction with the other senses, Ocular-centrism limits the experience of the world to the visual area. However, experiences can be understood as 'touching' various forms and are related to touch. With the heightened interest in the multi-sensuous side of the body contrary to Ocular-centrism, the intervention of the body in the external space has become an important issue in modern landscape architecture. This study explores the possibility of the haptic perception system that causes the active experience of a subject. Haptic perception plays a catalytic role leading an active experience of the subject and the subject experiences a sense of place through such haptic perception. By revealing what was known through the sense of touch through the concurrency and interaction of the various senses, haptic perception draws active participation The haptic perception system has been studied in various fields but has not been studied in the field of landscape architecture. Thus, this study discusses the aspect of haptic perception limited to landscape architecture shown before modernism. In a discussion on haptic perception, the concept of haptic perception is clarified through previous study reviews and literature and the characteristics of haptic perception are derived. Then, the problems of the Ocular-centrism system and the need for haptic perception are discussed. In the historical development process of haptic perception, the change process of the scopic regime is examined chronologically and the ways in which Ocular-centralistic thinking and anti-Ocular-centralistic thinking have been projected on the architecture and landscape architecture of each age are studied via literature and cases studies. The impact of the scopic regime on the landscape architecture field in the historical change process is examined.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.42-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual cases of crane breeding at private homes in the Joseon Dynasty period, thereby identifying the universal meaning and characteristics of this act reflected in these cases. This study is likely to help understand the true nature of garden culture during the period. The study' temporal and spatial scope was limited to the Joseon Dynasty and private homes. As references for the study, translated versions of classical literature were selected from the Database of Korean Classics(http://db.itkc.or.kr). To complement for the data, related researchers' translated materials were also used in part. The study's results are summed up as follows: First, Individuals from various social classes including royal families, noblemen, noble families in countryside, and commoners kept cranes at their homes. These crane breeders included those who left a significant mark in the Joseon Dynasty politically and academically as well as 'cheosa(處士)' that refers to scholars living in seclusion without entering the government throughout their lifetime. Second, Crane breeders were spread all over the country. Notably, various cases of crane breeding were found within the Hanyang Wall and its vicinity. Third, The act of crane breeding was highly associated with blood ties and academic lineages such as friendships and teacher-student relations. In this regard, crane breeding was not just a simple taste or appreciation for the arts, but rather reflective of a person's life attitude and orientation. Forth, The consciousness of Confucian origins based on an ancient story of Limpo (林逋) appears to have a large impact on the act of crane breeding. In addition, some cases exhibited the reflection of Taoistic tastes. Fifth, Some individuals tamed cranes for a living. This proves the presence of steady demand for cranes in this period. The present study's limitation is its reliance on translated materials, which hindered research into various cases. Therefore, the future discovery of additional data and the accumulation of their translations will enable the investigation of a wealth of cases.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.589-599
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• 2014

This study selected optimal sites in Myeongsasimni located in west coast of Korea for stratigraphic research containing extreme climate event during quaternary period by spatio-temporal analyses of changes in sedimentary environment and land use employing 1918 topographic map, 2000 digital terrain map, 1976 and 2012 air photographies. The study area shows no significant changes in topographic characteristics that hilly areas with relatively large variations in elevation are distributed over north and south part of the study area, and sand dues are developed along the coast line. Moreover, flat low lying areas are located at the back side of the sand dues. The movement of surface run off and sediment loads shows two major trends of inland direction flow from back sides of sand dunes and outland direction flow from high terrains inland, and the two flows merge into the stream located in the center of the study area. Two sink with individual area of $0.2km^2$ are observed in Yongjeong-ri and Jaryong-ri which are located in south central part and south part of the study area, respectively. In addition, sea level change simulation reveals that $3.4km^2$ and $3.64km^2$ are inundated with 3 m of sea level rise in 1918 and 2000, respectively, and it would contribute to chase sea level change records preserved in stratigraphy. The inundated areas overlaps well with sink areas where it indicates the low lying areas located in south cental and south part of the study area are identical for sediment accumulation. The areas with minimal human impact on sediment records over last 100 years are $3.51km^2$ distributed over central and south part of the study area with the land use changes of mud and rice field in 1918 to rice field in 2012. The candidate sites of $0.15km^2$ in central part and $0.09km^2$ in south part are identified for preferable locations of geologic record of extreme climate events during quaternary period based on the overlay analysis of optimal sedimentary environment and land use changes.