• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.220-237
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• 2014

This study was intended to survey on the restaurant selection preferences by elderly consumers' values and lifestyle. The survey was residing in Seoul and men and women who were 55 years of age or older to achieve the purpose of this study, the theoretical and empirical research methods research methods were combined. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, Action oriented intrinsic value of elderly consumers highest lifestyle influence. This is an internal value-oriented elderly consumers to follow the latest fashion trends and challenges in the new one, we enjoyed the service and sometimes want to experience the frenetic fun means. Second, Realization oriented lifestyle on the Brand standards, food quality standards, environmental standards positive effect was found to be Principle oriented life style based on the environment positively influence. This trend Principle oriented lifestyle can talk comfortably while you can relax and quiet around people, mainly from a reputable place, and action-oriented selection of the hotels facilities and senior discount price menu and the service is friendly and Notice that if you use a little less meoleodo, and these results are only for the elderly consumers with access privileges and services using the factors of elderly consumers loyalty and Catering Food service satisfaction should be efforts to raise. Third, elderly consumers select attribute value and proven results Food service elderly consumers based on personal values and lifestyle are different catering companies can select the properties that standard means, elderly consumers are value-oriented properties and select the Food Service Industry catering companies by identifying the active elderly consumers in future marketing strategies to be able to bring a positive impact considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.41-63
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• 2004

The area covered by product liability in broadest sense is so vast that an attempt to analyse all its impact on the aviation world risk. Every effort has been made to confine our review of subject a closely as possible to its influence on aircraft manufacturers, airlines and passengers, in spite of strong connections with other spheres of commercial. Product Liability in aviation is the liability of aircraft's manufacturer, processor or non-manufacturing seller for injury to the person or property of a buyer or third party caused by a product which has been sold. Here-in a product is aircraft, third party is passengers who suffered damage by defective design, defective construction, inadequate instructions for handling in aircraft. Whenever a product turns out to be defective after it has been sold, there are under Anglo-American law three remedies available against the aircraft's manufacturer (1) liability for negligence (2) breach of warranty (3) strict liability in tort. There are Under continental law Three remedies available against the aircraft's manufacturer (1) liability for defective warranty (2) liability for non-fulfillment of obligation (3) liability in tort. It is worth pointing out here an action for breach of warranty or for defective warranty, for non-fulfillment of obligation is available only to direct purchaser on the basis of his contract with the aircraft's manufacturer, which of course weakness its range and effectiveness. An action for tort offers the advantage of being available also to third parties who have acquired the defective product at a later stage. In tort, obligations are constituted not only by contract, but also by stature and common law. In conclusion, There in no difference in principle of law. In conclusion I would like to make few suggestions regarding the product liability for aircraft's manufacturer. Firstly, current general product liability code does not specify whether government offices(e.g. FAA) inspector conducted the inspection and auditory certificate can qualify as conclusive legal evidence. These need to be clarified. Secondly, because Korea is gaining potential of becoming aircraft's manufacturer through co-manufacturing and subcontracting-manufacturing with the US and independent production, there needs legislation that can harmonize the protection of both aircraft's manufacturers and their injured parties. Since Korea is in primary stage of aviation industry, considerate policy cannot be overlooked for its protection and promotion. Thirdly, because aircraft manufacturers are risking restitution like air-carriers whose scope of restitution have widened to strict and unlimited liability, there needs importation of mandatory liability insurance and national warranty into the product liability for aircraft's manufacturers. Fourthly, there needs domestic legislation of air transportation law that clearly regulates overall legal relationship in air transportation such as carrier & aircraft manufacturer's liability, and aviation insurance.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.986-992
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• 2009

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical mediators of the innate immune system to defend viral infection. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) play critical roles in type I IFN production in response to viral infection. Luteolin is natural polyphenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the mechanism of action and impact of luteolin on innate immunity is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of luteolin on the lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses. Luteolin inhibited Type I IFNs expression of mRNA and increased interleukin(IL)-10 expression of mRNA. Next, we examined the protective effects of IL-10 using IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA). Blockade of IL-10 action didn't cause a significant reduction of Type I IFNs than LPS-induced luteolin pretreatment. Pretreatment of luteolin inhibited the level of IRF-1, and IRF-7 mRNA and the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Also, luteolin reduced the activation of STAT - 1, 3. Theses results suggest that luteolin inhibits LPS-induced the production of Type I IFNS by both IRFs and STATs not IL-10 and may be a beneficial drug for the treatment of inflammatory disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 1999

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the conventional rotating barrel. vibrational barrel (vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components, The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed that the average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value, Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components, However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. $2HD{\;}+{\;}e{\;}{\rightarrow}20H{\;}+{\;}H_2$ Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure thereby resulting to bad plating condition. 1 lot of chip was divided into two equal partion. Each portion was loaded to the same barrel one after the other. Nickel plating and tin-lead plating was performed in the same station. Portion A maintained the normal barrel vibration intensity and portion B vibration intensity was increased two steps higher. All other parameters, current, solution condition were maintained constant. Generally, plating method find procedures were carried out in a best way to maintained the best plating condition. After plating, samples were taken out from each portion. molded and polished. Plating thickness was investigated for both. To check consistency of results. 2nd trial was done now using different lot of another characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.217-224
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• 2008

Is trend that treatment that use isotope of radioactive substance increases from 1964 to now steadily. Bursting tube state solidified accordingly. But, do not establish treatment ward in presence at a sickbed by means that present regulation and system escape this as well as possession that exert negative impact in treatment action preferably is and is treating by radioactivity of small quantity, treatment air by that do not detain many sickers without equaling the institution although there is treatment ward keeps fair death anniversary and is in reservation stand-by status. To possess about 10 therapy rooms including existing sickroom in the institute of nuclear energy recently is looked but is waiting for an opportunity for treatment during suitableness time yet indeed even as that operate 57 radiation isotope therapy rooms all in about 28 hospitals in present domestic state is solveded. Therefore, radiation safety supervision by medical treatment action that treat as radioactive substance may need more active effort. Make mandatory to equipment that hospital which correspond to present the third medical examination and treatment must equip, or effort about more active system improvement may have to be about equipment that enforce this.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.587-602
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• 2023

Due to climate change, population growth, and economic development, the demand for water in the urban water system (UWS) and the energy required for water use constantly increase. Therefore, beyond the traditional method of considering only the water sector, the Nexus approach, which considers synergies and trade-offs between the water and energy sectors, has begun to draw attention. In previous researches, the Nexus methodology was used to demonstrate that the UWS is an energy-intensive system, analyze the water-energy efficiency relationship surrogated by energy intensity, and identify climate (long-term climate change, drought, type), geographic characteristics (topography, flat ratio, location), system characteristics (total supply water amount, population density, pipeline length), and operational management level (water network pressure, leakage rate, water saving) effects on the UWS. Through this, it was possible to suggest the direction of policies and institutions to UWS managers. However, there was a limit to establishing and implementing specific action plans. This study built the energy intensity matrix of the UWS, quantified the impact of city conditions, external influences, and operational management levels on the UWS using the water-energy Nexus model, and introduced water-energy efficiency criteria. With this, UWS managers will be able to derive strategies and action plans for efficient operation management of the UWS and evaluate suitability and validity after implementation.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.59-87
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to provide practical instances of implementing picture book reading sessions within school libraries to enhance language proficiency and foster emotional stability among lower-grade multicultural students hailing from foreign backgrounds. The research outlines the design and execution of a picture book reading program tailored for multicultural students, with analysis based on the outcomes of actual classroom implementations. In the course of the study, existing literature pertaining to the use of picture books for enhancing multicultural education and language skills was reviewed. This informed the development of a structured class procedure by extracting core components. Indeed, 43 multicultural students in five classes in the first and second grades of A Elementary School in Gyeonggi-do were given three pilot classes for each class for 20 weeks and a total of 100 picture book reading classes, each with 17 main lessons. This study establishes the positive impact of picture book reading classes on the Korean language comprehension of multicultural students. The results confirm positive improvements in students' ability to understand Korean, as evidenced by enhanced Korean expression and presentation skills, increased library usage, and a positive shift in classroom attitude. The procedure for reading picture books using school libraries proposed in this study was actually conceived and developed in the course of class operation in the school education field, reflecting the changes brought about by the increase of multicultural students and the need to improve the class environment. Through this practical investigation, important insights have been extracted regarding how picture book reading sessions designed for elementary school students from multicultural backgrounds can enhance the classroom environment and elevate learning outcomes.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.111-136
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to theoretically explore symbol didactic, which serves as a mediator and integrator of human experience with biblical experience. Based on a deep consideration of the functions and roles of symbols, as studied in psychology, philosophy, religious studies, and theology, this study aims to examine representative theories of Bible didactic that have introduced symbolic action into Christian education. By exploring these theories, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of symbols in Christian education and their impact on the learning process. This study is divided into two main parts. In the first half, it examines the meanings of symbols and their functions as discussed by prominent scholars from various disciplines who have paid attention to symbols, including S. Freud and C. Jung in psychoanalysis, E. Cassirer and P. Ricoeur in philosophy, M. Eliade in religious studies, and P. Tillich in theology. In the second half, the study critically analyzes and discusses representative theories of symbol didactic, such as those proposed by H. Halbfas and P. Biehl, which have applied the symbolic action of neighboring disciplines to Christian education. Symbol didactic differs from traditional biblical didactic, which aims to transmit content, by using symbols as a medium to facilitate dialogue between the learner's experiences and those of the Bible. This approach enables learners to experience the deep relationship between the content of the Bible and the experiences of biblical figures with their own experiences, and provides an opportunity to deepen that experience.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

To increase the strength properties of recycled fiber, especially OCC (Old Corrugated Container) in this study, we used the mechanical pretreatment on the fibers before refining. The mechanical action in the Hobart mixer induced high shear and compression on the fibers, which resulted in the breakdowns of fiber internal structure, and microcompressions on the surface of the fibers. We evaluated the degree of mechanical treatment by fiber curl index. Four different refining techniques were applied to the pretreated fibers (Valley beater, Kady mill, PFI mill, and Impact refining) to find the best combination of the pretreatment and the refining methods. Conclusions were summarized as followed. 1. In keeping the fiber length from shortening, Kady mill and PFI mill refining were effective. Kady mill and Valley beater application tended to straighten out the fiber shapes. 2. Valley beating increased the breaking length of the handsheets better than other methods, while lowering the tear strength most. The mechanical pretreatment increased breaking length about 10% in average irrespective of four different refining methods. 3. Tear strength was increased by the mechanical pretreatment and by the PFI mill refining. 4. Burst strength was increased by the mechanical pretreatment and by valley beating method. 5. In increasing the breaking length and burst strength while keeping tear strength, combination of mechanical pretreatment and Valley beating were most effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

Damage of both life and property has been increased by natural disaster under the influence of climate change, thus many natural disaster vulnerability researches have been carried out to make adaptation policy and impact assessment of climate change recently. Their method for assessing vulnerability usually have used proxy variables for making vulnerability indices. However, because their results were too qualitative and relative it tends to be hard to make absolute comparison and establish standard of prevention or adaptation ability. Accordingly, this study aimed at quantifying natural disaster vulnerability using emergy through recognizing disaster as the relations between order and disorder by system approach. As a result, ordering energy (4.66E+22 sej/yr) and ordered structure (1.98E+22 sej) of Busan in 2003 and disordering energy (7.80E+18 sej), disordered parts (4.55E+20 sej) and rebuilding energy (3.87E+20 sej) by typhoon Maemi were analysed. And then, this was compared with Hurricane Andrew in Dade County. Through this comparison, if the prevention ability of Busan increases, disordered parts can be reduced against the more powerful disordering energy. Also, prevention for additional damages by disaster is needed to practical rebuilding action. In conclusion, it was able to figure out the impact of disaster quantitatively by natural systems and urban systems showing as common measure. Based on this study and further research to make effective prevention for how much prevention ability should be increased will contribute to producing the scientific data for disaster management policy in future.