• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2008

Di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (DFA-IV) is a disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues that are prepared from levan by levan fructotransferase. Levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of D-fructofuranosyl residues joined by $\beta$-(2,6) and $\beta$-(2,1) linkages. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of levan with DFA-IV. Tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in levan- and DFA-IV-treated RAW264.7 cells. The NO production, tumoricidal and phagocytic activities were significantly increased in both treated cells. The results indicate that levan has significantly greater effects on tumoricidal activity than DFA-IV at low concentrations (1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and its effect on NO production shows a similar pattern. These results suggest that tumoricidal activity induced by both samples is mediated by NO production.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 1996

In order to research for compound of immunomodulatic and anti-allergic function. These experiments were conducted to investigated the effects of hot water extracts(PRWE) , ethanol extracts (PREE) and polysaccharide fraction extracts (PRPE) extracted from platycodi radix on immune response. The effect of these platycodi radix extracts on hemagglutinin titer(HA), hemalysin titer(HY), plaque forming cell(PFC), rosette forming cell (RFC) and phagocytosis was Investigated by using BALB / C mice. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Generally, the oral administration of extracts fractions for 10 days each other resulted in the enhanced HA and HY. In the experiment of PFC and RFC, the results of experimental groups which was given each samples compared to control group showed the enhanced level of activity such as PRPE 160% and 196% each other But PRWE and PREE decreased or wear not changed. When PREE, PRPE or PRWE was given to mice orally, PREE and PRPE significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells(PEC), spleen cells(SC) and monolymphocytus cell(MC), about from 150% to 250%, but PRW was decreased.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2010

Acorns have been used as a traditional remed as well as food source. However, few studies on their immunomodulating effects have been reported. In this study, the combined immunomodulative effect of a water extract of acorns was tested on seven to eight weeks old mice(balb/c). The mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet, and a water extract of the plant mixture was orally administered every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W.). The production of cytokine(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$), secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not, detected by ELISA assay using cytokine kit. After 48 h of incubation with mitogen(ConA or LPS) ex vivo study showed that cytokine (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$) was detected in both of the 50 and 500 mg/kg B.W. supplementation groups with LPS stimulation. The results of this study may suggest that supplementation with acorn water extract increase immune function by regulating cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 1990

The crude polysaccharide from Panax ginseng prepared by hot water extration and precipiation with ethanol was further fractionated into neutral and acidic fractions by DEAE- cellulose ion exchange chromatography. The chemical compositions were 85.0% carbohydrorate and 15.0% protein for the neutral fraction, and 28.4% carbohydrate, 10.0% protein and 29.0% uronic acid for the acidic fraction. The acidic fraction was more effective in increasing of the ratio of spleen to body weight, the number of antibody secreting cells to SRBC and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system, as well as antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice than the neutral fraction. All polysaccharide fractions were mitogenic to cultured spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice. However, FA was different from FN in the co-mitogenicities with lectin mitogens. Both crude and acidic fractions potentiated remarkably the mitogenic activity of PHA-P or LPS in dose-dependent manner but neutral fraction enhanced only that of LPS. Three polysaccharide fractions had no effect on that of Con A. These results suggest that the acidic fraction may stimulate B and Td cells as well as macrophages while the neutral fraction may simulate only B cells and macropages.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.347-353
• /
• 2000

To examine influence of artificial digestive juice on the antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum-A(GL-A), protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, we compared the digested protein-bound polysaccharide with undigested one both on immunopotentiating activity and influence of digestive juices. Protein-bound polysaccharide GL-B was obtained by digesting the antitumor component GL-A with artificial digestive Juices in vitro. When GL-A was administered orally to sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing ICR mice, the life prolonging effect was exhibited in a dose dependent manner Not only GL-A but GL-B increased the production of colony forming unit (CFU) to 10- and 8-fold of that of the control, respectively. Both of the protein-bound polysaccharides also showed the secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cell lines to 3.5-and 3.7-fold of that of the control, respectively: GL-A activated components of the alternative complement pathway, whereas GL-B did not. In humoral immunity GL-A increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in differentiated B cells to 3 times and GL-B to 4 times of that of the control. These results showed that the artificial digestive juices had no influence on the antitumor activity of the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and that its immunomodulating activity retained after treatment with artificial digestive juice. And this provides a basis of the protein-bound polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum as an peroral anticancer drug.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2014

While searching for lactic acid bacteria that can restore aging-impaired immune responses, we isolated the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/NF-${\kappa}B$-activating strain Lactobacillus plantarum HY7712 from kimchi and investigated its immunomodulating effect in whole-body ${\gamma}$-irradiated mice. Exposure to HY7712 strongly activated NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling in RAW264.7 cells, but inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Moreover, HY7712 protected against the downregulation of interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and upregulation of interleukin (IL)-13 caused by ${\gamma}$-irradiation in mice. In mice, ${\gamma}$-irradiation impaired NK-cell activity against YAC-1 tumor cells, but following HY7712 exposure, the activity of NK cells was restored to 91.5% of the level measured in control mice (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that HY7712 activates the TLR2/NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway and protects against the impairment of NK-cell activity caused by ${\gamma}$-irradiation or aging.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.861-867
• /
• 2003

Inhibitory effect of the lectins (KML-C) isolated from Korean mistletoe (KM; Viscum album coloratum) on tumor metastases produced by murine tumor cells (B16-BL6 melanoma, colon 26M3.1 carcinoma and L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cells) was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of KML-C (20-50 ng/mouse) 2 days before tumor inoculation significantly inhibited lung metastases of both B16-BL6 and colon 26-M3.1 cells. The prophylactic effect of 50 ng/mouse of KML-C on lung metastasis was almost the same with that of 100 $\mu$ g/mouse of KM. Treatment with KML-C 1 day after tumor inoculation induced a significant inhibition of not only the experimental lung metastasis induced by B16-BL6 and colon 26M3.1 cells but also the liver and spleen metastasis of L5178Y-ML25 cells. Furthermore, multiple administration of KML-C given at 3 day-intervals after tumor inoculation led to a significant reduction of lung metastasis and suppression of the growth of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity. i.v. administration of KML-C (50 ng/mouse) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 tumor cells 2 days after KML-C treatment. In addition, treatment with KML-C (50 ng/mouse) induced tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages against B16-BL6 and 3LL cells. These results suggest that KML-C has an immunomodulating activity to enhance the host defense system against tumors, and that its prophylactic and therapeutic effect on tumor metastasis is associated with the activation of NK cells and macrophages.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.479-486
• /
• 2005

Arabinoxylan, a complex polysaccharide in cereal cell walls, has recently received research attention as a biological response modifier. The immunomodulating effect of arabinoxylans from rice bran (AXrb) was studied using a combined process of extrusion and commercial hemicellulase treatment in order to elucidate the augmentation mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in vitro. The cytotoxicity of mouse spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 tumor cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with AXrb at $10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism by which AXrb enhance NK cytotoxicity, we examined the effect of AXrb on cytokine production by spleen lymphocytes. Culture supernatants of the cells incubated with AXrb were collected and analyzed for IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ synthesis by ELISA. IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ production were increased significantly. These results suggest that AXrb may induce Th1 immune responses. Macrophages play an important role in host defenses against tumors by killing them and producing secretory products, which protect against bacterial, viral infection and malignant cell growth. AXrb were examined for their ability to induce secretory and cellular responses in murine peritoneal macrophages. When macrophages were treated with various concentrations ($10-100\;{\mu}g/mL$) of AXrb, AXrb induced tumoricidal activity, as well as increasing phagocytosis and the production of NO, $H_2O_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines are likely to be the major mediators of tumoricidal activity in AXrb-treated macrophages. Therefore, AXrb may be useful in cancer immunotherapy and it is anticipated that AXrb obtained using extrusion and subsequent enzyme treatment can be used as an ingredient in nutraceuticals and cereal-based functional food.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1980

C. parvum은 면역학적(免疫學的) 연구(硏究)에 immunomodulating agent로서 광범위(廣範圍)하게 이용(利用)되고 있기 때문에 C. parvum이 SRBC에 대(對)한 면역반응(免疫反應)에 미치는 영향(影響) 및 그 기전(機轉)을 알아보고자 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. C. parvum이 SRBC에 대(對)한 DTH에 미치는 영향(影響)은 C. parvum 투여시기(投與時期)에 따라 상이(相異)한 결과(結果)를 나타내었는데 C. parvum을 SRBC로 면역전(免疫前)에 정맥내(靜脈內)로 투여(投與)했을 때 유의(有意)있는 지연성(遲延性) 과민반응(過敏反應)(DTH)의 감소(減少)를 보였으며 이러한 현상(現象)은 cyclophosphamide로 처리(處理)했을 때 완전(完全)히 소실(消失)되었다. 또한 C. parvum은 S. typhimurium의 증식(增殖)을 억제(抑制)하고 비장(脾臟) 및 간장종대(肝臟腫大)를 야기(惹起)시켰는데 이러한 사실(事實)로 미루어 C. Parvum의 DTH 감소현상(減少現象)은 suppressor T 세포(細胞) 또는 활성화(活性化)된 대식세포(大食細胞)의 중개(仲介)에 의한 것으로 사료(思料)되었다. C. parvum은 SRBC에 대(對)한 항체가(抗體價)에 유의(有意)있는 영향(影響)을 미치지 못하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 2005

According to the Chinese and Korean medicinal and herbal literature, SSG(Silsosangami) is effective for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. The pharmacological action of SSG has been limitedly studied in regard to ischemic infarction. This herbal medicine has been shown to express diverse activities such as immunomodulating, anti-infarction, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Antisclerotic effects of SSG in experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits have also been reported. However, pharmacological mechanisms of SSG on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis formation are poorly understood. The present paper reports the effect of extracts obtained from SSG on endotoxin-induced experimental DIC in rats. Also, these were tested for their effect on endotoxin-induced blood platelet aggregation, thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen and fibrinolysis in vitro experiments with aspirin as a positive agent. The anti-thrombic properties of SSG were also investigated by means of analytical parameters of bood composition. The extracts of SSG and its seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited the endotoxin-induced DIC and thrombosis in rats. Also the extract inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats.