• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted with objectives of comparatively investigating effects of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo on antioxidant improvement, immunity improvement, and sensory evaluation.Methods : Total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity were measured to determine antioxidant improvement of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa. While, blood and serum study were conducted and effect on the cytokines were observed from the immunosuppressed rat induced by methotrexate (MTX). Control group was administered with a drinking water, Kyungokgo group was administered with a original Kyungokgo 200 mg/kg, and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa group was administered with a Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa 200 mg/kg for 20 days. Further, intensity and preference evaluation were performed as sensory evaluation.Results : It was observed that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly increased total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity, proving that these can improve antioxidant activities. In the immunosuppressed rat, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly decreased IL-2 level, significantly increased Il-10 level, and significantly increased neutrophils, RBC, HGB, and HCT levels, indicating that it is effective in increasing immunity. Further, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly improved intensity and preference in the sensory evaluation.Conclusions : From the above results, it is concluded that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo can act effectively on improving antioxidant activity and immunity, and can attribute convenient intake by improving diet preference.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2013

An equivalent model has been developed to estimate the electromagnetic immunity for integrated circuits under a complex electromagnetic environment. The complete model is based on the characteristics of the equipment and physical configuration of the device under test (DUT) and describes the measurement setup as well as the target integrated circuits under test, the corresponding package, and a specially designed printed circuit board. The advantage of the proposed model is that it can be applied to a SPICE-like simulator and the immunity of the integrated circuits can be easily achieved without costly and time-consuming measurements. After simulation, measurements were performed to verify the accuracy of the equivalent model for immunity prediction. The improvement of measurement accuracy due to the added effect of a bi-directional coupler in the test setup is also addressed.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

현재 자동차나 선박등에 사용하는 직류모터 속도 제어용 스위칭 소자는 스위칭 과전압으로 인하여 때때로 손상되거나 오작동을 일으키기쉽다. 본논문은 dc 모터 제어용 반도체 스위칭소자의 내성특성을 개선한 것이다. 이를 위하여, 먼저 저전압 보호소자인 비리스터나 제너 다이오드 등 가운데에서 스위칭 과전압에 대해 내성을 갖는 이상적인 소자를 선택하기 위해 과전압 보호자의 등가회로를 분석 하였다. 나아가서 국제규정에서 정의된 의사 과전압 파형의 적절한 선택, 스위칭 소자의 손상과정과 손상원인을 규명하고, 순시과전압 전류의 변화에 따른 각각의 임피던스 조건을 고려하여 직류모터 제어용 반도체 스위칭 소자의 내성특성 개선하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제35D권9호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

Deep submicron급 CMOS디바이스에서 래치업 면역특성을 향상시키기 위한 새로운 Triple well구조를 제안하였다. Triple well에서 이온주입 에너지와 도즈량 변화에 따른 최적인 래치업 면역을 위한 공정조건을 확립하고 이것을 기존의 Twin well구조와 비교분석하였다. 공정은 공정시뮬레이터인 ATHENA로 소자를 제작하여 도핑프로파일과 구조를 해석하고 래치업 특성은 소자시뮬레이터인 ATLAS를 사용하였다. Triple well과 Twin well의 구조에서 공정상의 차이가 도핑프로파일에 미치는 영향과 프로파일 형태가 래치업 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. Triple well구조에서 p-well이온주입에너지 2.5MeV, 도즈량 1×10/sup 14/[cm/sup -2/]일 때 트리거 전류가 2.5[mA/${\mu}{m}$]로 매우 큰 래치업 면역특성을 얻었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.209-236
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• 2000

The last two decades witnessed significant advances in the efforts of immune-parasitologists to elucidate the nature and role of the host mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal nematode parasites. Aided by recent advances in basic immunology and biotechnology with the concomitant development of well defined laboratory models of infection, immunoparasitologists have more precisely analyzed and defined the different immune effector mechanisms during the infection; resulting in great improvement in our current knowledge and understanding of protective immunity against gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. Much of this current understanding comes from experimental studies in laboratory rodents, which have been used as models of livestock and human GI nematode infections. These rodent studies, which have concentrated on Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti/5. venezuelensis. Trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris infections in mice and rats, have helped in defining the types of T cell responses that regulate effector mechanisms and the effector mechanisms responsible for worm expulsion. In addition, these studies bear indications that traditionally accepted mechanisms of resistance such as eosinophilia and IgE responses may not play as important roles in protection as were previously conceived. In this review, we shall, from these rodent studies, attempt an overview of the mucosal and other effector responses against intestinal nematode parasites beginning with the indices of immune protection as a model of the protective immune responses that may occur in animals and man.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

Vaccines are the most effective and cost-efficient method for preventing diseases caused by infectious pathogens. Despite the great success of vaccines, development of safe and strong vaccines is still required for emerging new pathogens, re-emerging old pathogens, and in order to improve the inadequate protection conferred by existing vaccines. One of the most important strategies for the development of effective new vaccines is the selection and usage of a suitable adjuvant. Immunologic adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine potency by improvement of the humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens. Thus, formulation of vaccines with appropriate adjuvants is an attractive approach towards eliciting protective and long-lasting immunity in humans. However, only a limited number of adjuvants is licensed for human vaccines due to concerns about safety and toxicity. We summarize current knowledge about the potential benefits of adjuvants, the characteristics of adjuvants and the mechanisms of adjuvants in human vaccines. Adjuvants have diverse modes of action and should be selected for use on the basis of the type of immune response that is desired for a particular vaccine. Better understanding of current adjuvants will help exploring new adjuvant formulations and facilitate rational design of vaccines against infectious diseases.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2011

Electricity meters using in Korea are about 1.8 million units. From among these, electronic meters for high voltage, about 170 thousand units were installed to the digital type meter and ones for low voltage installed hundreds of thou-sands of meters through a model project. Recently, low voltage meter are expected to complete the installation within several years. Domestic power metering technology is being beyond a simple framework with an electronic type and is rapidly evolving to intelligent smart metering systems in conjunction with promotion of a national smart grid project. Accordingly, it is important to ensure an immunity of meter for electromagnetic field and environmental noise at the installation site. In this paper, we are going to check the validity of international standard that focusing on RF electromagnetic field immunity of meter to secure the quality and improve the reliability in field operation of meter. And we will verify the validity of test specification focused on actual installation environment and are going to offer the improvement plan of test standard.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

Objective: By assessing the quality of methodology and synthesis of results of RCTs (Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials) with herbal acupuncture (pharmacopuncture), we hope to help with administrating herbal acupuncture therapy in clinic and conducting RCT with herbal acupuncture. Methods: Reports of RCT conducted in Korea published in medical journals until February 2009 were collected. We surveyed elementary information of RCTs, evaluated randomization, double-blinding, allocation concealment and put together the results of RCTs by seven clinical topics. Results: 38 RCTs with herbal acupuncture were selected, then adequate methods for randomization and allocation concealment were found in 39% and 5% of studies. Complete double-blinding and a clear accounting of all participants were conducted in 42% and 50% of reports. The synthesis of RCTs revealed that herbal acupuncture was useful and effective on degenerative gonarthritis, omarthralgia on cerebrovascular accident, acute ankle sprain, back sprain, neck sprain, headache, rheumatoid arthritis and tennis elbow, generally. Conclusions: Although further improvement in quality of methodology of RCTs with herbal acupuncture is required, clinical usefulness of herbal acupuncture was shown especially on disorders of musculoskeletal system via RCTs.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.805-814
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• 2012

무선기기의 간헐적인 신호 또는 높고 낮은 진폭의 주기적인 신호 전송은 오디오 주파수에 간섭 신호를 발생시켜 근접 거리에 설치된 음향 기기에 잡음을 발생시킨다. 최근 이와 관련하여 Global system for Mobile Communication(GSM) 폰과 유사하게 간헐적인 신호 전송을 하는 Long Term Evolution(LTE) 폰에 의한 오디오 잡음현상이 보고되었다. 현재 국내 KN20 규격에서는 잡음에 대한 내성 능력을 확보하기 위하여 음향 및 TV 방송수신기의 내성 시험 기준 신호로 변조 주파수 1 kHz Amplitude Modulation(AM) 80 %와 Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) 신호를 이용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LTE 폰의 출시에 따라 기존의 내성 기준 신호 AM과 CDMA를 GSM과 LTE 폰이 발생시키는 오디오 잡음의 수준과 비교한 후, 국내 음향 기기에 대한 내성 기준 신호의 개선을 제안한다. CDMA 신호는 음향 기기에 간섭을 거의 일으키지 않는 것으로 여겨지므로 시험 항목에서 삭제해도 무방할 것으로 판단된다. 반면, LTE는 많은 사용자가 이용하고 있으며, 음향 기기 등에 무시할 수 없는 간섭을 발생시킬 것으로 분석되므로 CDMA 신호를 대신하여 음향 기기 및 TV 방송 수신기의 내성 시험을 위한 시험 기준 신호로 규정하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2022

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices of P-type embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (PESCR) structure were analyzed for high-voltage operating input/output (I/O) applications. Conventional PESCR standard device exhibits typical SCR characteristics with very low-snapback holding voltages, resulting in latch-up problems during normal operation. However, the modified device with the counter pocket source (CPS) surrounding N⁺ source region and partially formed P-well (PPW) structures proposed in this study could improve latch-up immunity by indicating high on-resistance and snapback holding voltage.