• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted with objectives of comparatively investigating effects of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo on antioxidant improvement, immunity improvement, and sensory evaluation.Methods : Total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity were measured to determine antioxidant improvement of original Kyungokgo and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa. While, blood and serum study were conducted and effect on the cytokines were observed from the immunosuppressed rat induced by methotrexate (MTX). Control group was administered with a drinking water, Kyungokgo group was administered with a original Kyungokgo 200 mg/kg, and Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa group was administered with a Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa 200 mg/kg for 20 days. Further, intensity and preference evaluation were performed as sensory evaluation.Results : It was observed that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly increased total phenol and DPPH scavenging activity, proving that these can improve antioxidant activities. In the immunosuppressed rat, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly decreased IL-2 level, significantly increased Il-10 level, and significantly increased neutrophils, RBC, HGB, and HCT levels, indicating that it is effective in increasing immunity. Further, Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa significantly improved intensity and preference in the sensory evaluation.Conclusions : From the above results, it is concluded that Iksuyongjingo plus Sparassis crispa which is gamibang of Kyungokgo can act effectively on improving antioxidant activity and immunity, and can attribute convenient intake by improving diet preference.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2013

An equivalent model has been developed to estimate the electromagnetic immunity for integrated circuits under a complex electromagnetic environment. The complete model is based on the characteristics of the equipment and physical configuration of the device under test (DUT) and describes the measurement setup as well as the target integrated circuits under test, the corresponding package, and a specially designed printed circuit board. The advantage of the proposed model is that it can be applied to a SPICE-like simulator and the immunity of the integrated circuits can be easily achieved without costly and time-consuming measurements. After simulation, measurements were performed to verify the accuracy of the equivalent model for immunity prediction. The improvement of measurement accuracy due to the added effect of a bi-directional coupler in the test setup is also addressed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 1997

The switching components to control the speed of dc motor, which perform vital fuction in a modern motor vehicle or a ship, are susceptibile to suffer damage or upset by switching transient. An equivalent circuit was derived, in this paper, to select an ideal component having immunity against the switching transient among varisotor, zenner diode, etc. Furthermore, we have carried out the optimal improved transient protection circuit design in the view of cost effectiveness, proper wave form of transient defined by the international regulations. The process and cause of the damages in the switching components were examined. Then, the immunity improvement of semiconductor switching components to control a dc motor has been achieved considering impedance condition accoring to the variation of the diverting transient current.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.9
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

A new Triple well structure is proposed for improved latch-up immunity at deep submicron CMOS device. Optimum latch-up immunity process condition is established and analyzed with varying ion implantation energy and amount of dose and also compared conventional twin well structure. Doping profile and structure are investigated using ATHENA which is process simulator, and then latch-up current is calculated using ATLAS which is device simulator. Two types of different process are affected by latch-up characteristics and shape of doping profiles. Finally, we obtained the best latch-up immunity with 2.5[mA/${\mu}{m}$] trigger current using 2.5 MeV implantation energy and 1$\times$10$^{14}$ [cm$^{-2}$ ] dose at p-well

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.209-236
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• 2000

The last two decades witnessed significant advances in the efforts of immune-parasitologists to elucidate the nature and role of the host mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal nematode parasites. Aided by recent advances in basic immunology and biotechnology with the concomitant development of well defined laboratory models of infection, immunoparasitologists have more precisely analyzed and defined the different immune effector mechanisms during the infection; resulting in great improvement in our current knowledge and understanding of protective immunity against gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. Much of this current understanding comes from experimental studies in laboratory rodents, which have been used as models of livestock and human GI nematode infections. These rodent studies, which have concentrated on Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti/5. venezuelensis. Trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris infections in mice and rats, have helped in defining the types of T cell responses that regulate effector mechanisms and the effector mechanisms responsible for worm expulsion. In addition, these studies bear indications that traditionally accepted mechanisms of resistance such as eosinophilia and IgE responses may not play as important roles in protection as were previously conceived. In this review, we shall, from these rodent studies, attempt an overview of the mucosal and other effector responses against intestinal nematode parasites beginning with the indices of immune protection as a model of the protective immune responses that may occur in animals and man.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

Vaccines are the most effective and cost-efficient method for preventing diseases caused by infectious pathogens. Despite the great success of vaccines, development of safe and strong vaccines is still required for emerging new pathogens, re-emerging old pathogens, and in order to improve the inadequate protection conferred by existing vaccines. One of the most important strategies for the development of effective new vaccines is the selection and usage of a suitable adjuvant. Immunologic adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine potency by improvement of the humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens. Thus, formulation of vaccines with appropriate adjuvants is an attractive approach towards eliciting protective and long-lasting immunity in humans. However, only a limited number of adjuvants is licensed for human vaccines due to concerns about safety and toxicity. We summarize current knowledge about the potential benefits of adjuvants, the characteristics of adjuvants and the mechanisms of adjuvants in human vaccines. Adjuvants have diverse modes of action and should be selected for use on the basis of the type of immune response that is desired for a particular vaccine. Better understanding of current adjuvants will help exploring new adjuvant formulations and facilitate rational design of vaccines against infectious diseases.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2011

Electricity meters using in Korea are about 1.8 million units. From among these, electronic meters for high voltage, about 170 thousand units were installed to the digital type meter and ones for low voltage installed hundreds of thou-sands of meters through a model project. Recently, low voltage meter are expected to complete the installation within several years. Domestic power metering technology is being beyond a simple framework with an electronic type and is rapidly evolving to intelligent smart metering systems in conjunction with promotion of a national smart grid project. Accordingly, it is important to ensure an immunity of meter for electromagnetic field and environmental noise at the installation site. In this paper, we are going to check the validity of international standard that focusing on RF electromagnetic field immunity of meter to secure the quality and improve the reliability in field operation of meter. And we will verify the validity of test specification focused on actual installation environment and are going to offer the improvement plan of test standard.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

Objective: By assessing the quality of methodology and synthesis of results of RCTs (Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials) with herbal acupuncture (pharmacopuncture), we hope to help with administrating herbal acupuncture therapy in clinic and conducting RCT with herbal acupuncture. Methods: Reports of RCT conducted in Korea published in medical journals until February 2009 were collected. We surveyed elementary information of RCTs, evaluated randomization, double-blinding, allocation concealment and put together the results of RCTs by seven clinical topics. Results: 38 RCTs with herbal acupuncture were selected, then adequate methods for randomization and allocation concealment were found in 39% and 5% of studies. Complete double-blinding and a clear accounting of all participants were conducted in 42% and 50% of reports. The synthesis of RCTs revealed that herbal acupuncture was useful and effective on degenerative gonarthritis, omarthralgia on cerebrovascular accident, acute ankle sprain, back sprain, neck sprain, headache, rheumatoid arthritis and tennis elbow, generally. Conclusions: Although further improvement in quality of methodology of RCTs with herbal acupuncture is required, clinical usefulness of herbal acupuncture was shown especially on disorders of musculoskeletal system via RCTs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.805-814
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• 2012

Intermittent or periodic signals with undulating amplitudes of mobile devices cause interference noise at audible frequency to the sound system which is installed nearby. In this regard, it is recently issued that the intermittently transmissions of LTE mobile phones cause the interference noises with sound systems, similar to that of GSM mobile phones. For retaining the immunity to noises, a national regulation KN20 suggests a 1 kHz AM 80 % and a CDMA modulation signal as reference signals for immunity test of sound and television broadcast receiver. In this paper, the effects of interference noises of AM and CDMA are compared with those of GSM and LTE, and the improvement of reference signal for national immunity test of sound systems is suggested. It is recommended to delete the CDMA modulation signal from reference signals for immunity test because it hardly cause interference noise with sound systems. On the other hand, it is desirable to select the modulation signal of LTE instead of CDMA as a reference signal for immunity test of sound system and television broadcast receiver because many people use the LTE service and it is analysed that the LTE signal causes considerable interference noises.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2022

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices of P-type embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (PESCR) structure were analyzed for high-voltage operating input/output (I/O) applications. Conventional PESCR standard device exhibits typical SCR characteristics with very low-snapback holding voltages, resulting in latch-up problems during normal operation. However, the modified device with the counter pocket source (CPS) surrounding N⁺ source region and partially formed P-well (PPW) structures proposed in this study could improve latch-up immunity by indicating high on-resistance and snapback holding voltage.