• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.243-250
• /
• 2009

Maturation and spawning of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus was investigated based on the samples captured in the coastal waters around Jeju Island from January 2007 to December 2008. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in March, and reached a maximum between April to June. After spawning it began to decrease from August. Reproductive season was estimated to March-July, with peak in April. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 33,493 eggs in the smallest female(FL=27.0cm) to 627,061 eggs in the largest(FL=40.6cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity(FL50), determined from mature females, was 26.6cm FL. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage(September-December), nucleolus stage(January-February), yolk vesicle stage(February-March), vitellogenic stage(March-April), ripe stage(April-July) and spent stage(July-September).

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1980

우리나라 煙草耕作地의 담배모자이크 바이러스(TMV)病의 時期別 感染率 變化를 調査하고 傳染源 究明을 爲하여 越冬後 담배와 고추뿌리, 雜草類, 담배 果皮에서 生物學的 및 血淸反應에 따라TMV를 檢定하였던바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 本國에서 TMV 初期感染은 改良말칭栽培의 경우 移植 및 一般말칭으로의 轉換時, 一般말칭栽培의 의 경우는 移植 및 1次 腋弟除去時가 가장 重要한 時期로 判斷된다. 2. 越冬後 土壤中의 담배 및 고추뿌리에서 活性 TMV가 檢出되었으며, 부기된 뿌리일수록 그 濃度가 낮았다. 3. 22科 38種의 雜草를 檢定한 結果 TMV에 自然感染되어 있는 것은 까마중과 꽈리 2種이었다. 4. 담배의 果皮에서 TMV가 檢出되었으며 어린 葯에서는 感染이 認定되지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2018

국내 호박에 피해를 주는 두 과실파리 해충은 호박과실파리(Bactrocera depressa)와 호박꽃과실파리(B. scutellata)이다. 두 해충의 미성숙 시기는 기주 그리고 땅 속에 존재하여 대기에 노출된 성충 시기가 방제의 대상이 된다. 이들 과실파리 성충을 대상으로 본 연구는 암컷유살제를 개발하는 연구의 목적을 두었다. 현재 다른 과실파리에 대해서 사용되고 있는 상용 유살제는 이들 호박과실파리류에 대해서 유인력이 낮았다. 본 연구는 단백질 기반에 terpinyl acetate (TA)를 가미하여 유인력을 증가시킨 유살제를 개발하였다. 이 TA-단백질 유살제는 두 종의 호박과실파리류 모두를 유인하였다. 또한 암수 모두를 유인하지만, 암컷이 수컷에 비해 더 많이(60~70%) 유인되었다. TA-단백질 유살제는 이들 호박과실파리류의 방제는 물론이고 특이한 유인제가 없는 호박과실파리에 대해서 모니터링 소재로 응용될 수 있다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2015

Many studies on broccoli have analyzed the functional components and their functionality in terms of antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, these studies have focused on the florets of different varieties. Investigation of the functionality of broccoli by-products such as leaves, stems, and leaf stems from different cultivars and harvest dates might be valuable for utilizing waste materials as useful food components. Total phenolics and sulforaphane contents, and antioxidant and anticancer activities were measured in the leaves, leaf stems, and stems of early-maturing (Kyoyoshi), middle-maturing (Myeongil 96), and late-maturing broccoli (SK3-085) at different harvest dates. Total phenolics in the leaves of Kyoyoshi were about 1.8-fold to 12.1-fold higher than those in all of the other cultivars and parts. The sulforaphane content of Kyoyoshi was 2.8-fold higher in the stems than in the florets. Antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were highest in Kyoyoshi, followed by Myeongil 96 and SK3-085, most notably in the leaves harvested at the immature stage. Inhibition activity of cell growth against the NCI-H1299 cell lines was highest in the leaves of all cultivars in decreasing order of florets, leaf stems, and stems. The leaves harvested in October (nonflowering stage) had the highest inhibition activity, while those harvested in January (mature broccoli) showed the lowest. The results of this study demonstrate that broccoli leaves and stems contain high levels of total phenolics, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities and can provide opportunities for early-maturing broccoli as functional fresh raw vegetables.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.140-149
• /
• 2010

We determined the seasonal gonad maturation in Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchins inhabiting an artificially enhanced seaweed forest along the Samchuk Coast of Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. A total of 30 sea urchins per month were collected from the study area, and gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad index (GI), egg diameter, and RNA/DNA variation were measured for each specimen. GSI values of female and male urchins achieved maximums of 17.6 and 17.0, respectively, in June. Based on histological studies, maximum GI values occurred in July (4.6 for females and 4.8 for males). A mean ovarian egg diameter of $73.7\;\pm\;14.2\;{\mu}m$ was measured in August; during the main spawning period in September, mean egg diameter reached a maximum of $74.2\;\pm\;17.8\;{\mu}m$. The RNA/DNA ratio and RNA content for both males and females showed a distinct peak during the ripe stage in July, but another peak occurred in the spring season from March to April, when urchins deposit protein into the nutritive phagocytes of immature gonads prior to gametogenesis. The reproductive cycle of S. nudus is divided into five stages: early active (December-May), late active (March-July), ripe (July-September), spent and degenerative (August-November), and inactive (October-February). Our continuous removal of sea urchins from the study area did not influence the reproductive cycle, as populations quickly recovered, and achieved normal gonad development cycle in the site.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제36권1B호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 옥내에 모바일 브로드밴드 서비스를 제공하고 음영지역을 제거하여 커버리지를 확장시킬수 있는 모바일 소행기지국 기술을 이용한 통신사업자의 와이브로 펨토셀 시법서비스 제공을 배경으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 와이브로 펨토셀 시범서비스에 대한 시범가입자의 만족도를 분석하고 이를 토대로 와이브로 펨토셀 서비스의 시장접근에 대한 전략적 시사점을 제시한다. 모바일 서비스의 만족도에 관한 기존 연구 문헌들에서 제시된 광범위한 영향 요인들을 기초로 와이브로 펨토셀 서비스의 만족도에 대한 영향 요인의 관심 범위를 시스템 품질, 서비스 품질, 요금 특성으로 한정하여 이들 요인이 미치는 영향력에 대해 분석한다. 연구 결과, 기술 및 시장에서 아직 미성숙 단계인 와이브로 펨토셀 서비스는 시스템 품질과 과금 체계가 서비스 만족도에 상당한 영향을 미치는 경향이 있는 것으로 확인됐으며 이들 요인을 우선 고려한 시장접근이 유효할 것으로 보인다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2006

The intermediate conductance $Ca^{2+}-activated$ $K^+$ channels (SK4, IKCa1) are present in lymphocytes, and their membrane expression is upregulated by various immunological stimuli. In this study, the activity of SK4 was compared between Bal-17 and WEHI-231 cell lines which represent mature and immature stages of murine B lymphocytes, respectively. The whole-cell patch clamp with high-$Ca^{2+}$ ($0.8{\mu}M$) KCl pipette solution revealed a voltage-independent $K^+$ current that was blocked by clotrimazole (1 mM), an SK4 blocker. The expression of mRNAs for SK4 was confirmed in both Bal-17 and WEHI-231 cells. The density of clotrimazole-sensitive SK4 current was significantly larger in Bal-17 than WEHI-231 cells ($-11.4{\pm}3.1$ Vs. $-5.7{\pm}1.15$ pA/pF). Also, the chronic stimulation of B cell receptors (BCR) by BCR-ligation (anti-IgM Ab, $3{\mu}g$/ml, 8∼12 h) significantly upregulated the amplitude of clotrimazolesensitive current from $-11.4{\pm}3.1$ to $-53.1{\pm}8.6$ pA/pF in Bal-17 cells. In WEHI-231 cells, the effect of BCR-ligation was significantly small ($-5.7{\pm}1.15$ to $-9.0{\pm}1.00$ pA/pF). The differential expression and regulation by BCR-ligation might reflect functional changes in the maturation of B lymphocytes.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 1997

The present study was carried out to investigate the processes of the ultrastructural differentiation and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of the developing rat retina. The results are as follows. The retina of fetal rat on the 13th day of gestation showed the early stage of differentiation. Briefly, there appeared dividing chromosomes, the plentiful free ribosomes, and the high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm. The reaction products by AChE were localized at the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and on the outer membrane of nucleus. Ultrastructures and AChE activities in the retina of the fetal rats on the 18th day of gestation were similar to those of the prior stages, except the appearence of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. According to the ultrastructural observations, the rat retina was still in immature state at birth, but the pigment epithelial cells were fully differentiated, e. g. the increase of melanin granules, the development of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. The AChE activity was weekly detected. The differentiated retinal layers and the outer segment of photoreceptor cells were observed on the 7th postnatal day. And the pigment epithelium appeared to be fully differentiated. On the 14th postnatal day, rat retina were completely differentiated. In other words, the rat retina was characterized by the prominent outer segments, phagocytosed residues in the pigment epithelium, and the localization of reaction products by AChE in the synapses. In conclusion, the differentiation of rat retina is charaterized by the changes of cell shape, the increase of retinal layers, and the alterations of AChE activities. It seems that rat retina is to be functional from 2 weeks of birth onward, coinciding with the eye opening of the juvenile rats.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.26-30
• /
• 1978

노가리는 명태, Theragrachalcogramma(PALLAS)의 미성어라고 오래전부터 알려져 왔으며 우리나라 수산자원보호령의 미성어 보호대책 규정에 의해 종래에는 그 어획이 금지되어 있었다. 그러나 수산당국은 자원학적 견지에서 노가리를 어획하여도 무방하다는 해석을 내려 1974년부터 노가리에 대한 어획금지규정을 폐기하였으며 현재까지 어획을 허용하고 있다. 명태는 우리나라 국민의 중요한 식량원이며 동해안에서 비교적 산업적 가치가 높은 데도 불구하고 이 집단에 대한 자원생물학적 지견과 자원의 변동법칙은 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않으며 일부 어민들은 심지어 노가리는 명태의 미성어가 아니라고 주장하고 있는 것이 현상이다. 명태는 개체 또는 집단으로서 넓은 변이성을 가진 어종이라고 알려져 있지만, 현금과 같은 격렬한 어업 압력에 과연 얼마나 견딜 수 있는가를 규명하는 일이 요청되고 있다. 본고에서는 노가리와 명태에 대해 몇가지의 형태학적 집단표징을 관찰하여 검토한 결과를 보고한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.320-328
• /
• 2007

Maturation and spawning of the Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus was investigated based on the samples captured in East Sea of Korea from April 2006 to July 2007. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in November, and reached maximum between December and January. After spawning it began to decrease from March. Reproductive season was estimated to November-February, with peak in January. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 753,985 eggs in the smallest female(TL＝58.6cm) to 9,311,520 eggs in the largest(TL＝101.0cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity(TL50%) determined from mature females was 56.3cm of TL. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage(March-September), nucleolus stage(September-October), yolk vesicle stage(October-November), vitellogenic stage (November-December), ripe stage and spent stage(December-February).