• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1950-1958
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• 2016

Today, technique for precisely positioning vehicles is very important in C-ITS(Cooperative Intelligent Transport System), Self-Driving Car and other information technology relating to transportation. Though the most popular technology for vehicle positioning is the GPS, its accuracy is not reliable because of large delay caused by multipath effect, which is very bad for realtime traffic application. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed the Vision-Based High Accuracy Vehicle Positioning Technology. At the first step of proposed algorithm, the ROI is set up for road area and the vehicles detection. Then, center and four corners points of found vehicles on the road are determined. Lastly, these points are converted into aerial view map using homography matrix. By analyzing performance of algorithm, we find out that this technique has high accuracy with average error of result is less than about 20cm and the maximum value is not exceed 44.72cm. In addition, it is confirmed that the process of this algorithm is fast enough for real-time positioning at the $22-25_{FPS}$.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2018

We propose Wide Inception ResNet (WIR Net) an optimized neural network architecture as a real-time semantic segmentation method for autonomous driving. The neural network architecture consists of an encoder that extracts features by applying a residual connection and inception module, and a decoder that increases the resolution by using transposed convolution and a low layer feature map. We also improved the performance by applying an ELU activation function and optimized the neural network by reducing the number of layers and increasing the number of filters. The performance evaluations used an NVIDIA Geforce GTX 1080 and TX1 boards to assess the class and category IoU for cityscapes data in the driving environment. The experimental results show that the accuracy of class IoU 53.4, category IoU 81.8 and the execution speed of $640{\times}360$, $720{\times}480$ resolution image processing 17.8fps and 13.0fps on TX1 board.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.189-197
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• 2007

GIS is the tool widely used for the practical solution of spatial problems in every region regardless of the language and ideology. In this paper research trends and tendencies of GIS in North Korea are reviewed compared with those in South Korea. For this purpose, academic publications on GIS in North Korea are surveyed and classified according to main subjects in GIS. Such classification by main subjects of GIS in North Korea are conducted on the basis of the classification of research trends and tendencies of GIS in South Korea. As a result, researches in North Korea are mainly focused upon such fields as geodetic surveying and measurement, map manufacture, atmospheric phenomena, agriculture and disasters, while there are few studies related to such fields as national GIS policy and circulation, GIS education, internet-based GIS, and traffic, to name but a few. Most parts of applied data are based on low and medium resolution image such as meteorological satellite images, Landsat images, and so on. This reflects the low level of the development of GIS DB infrastructure in North Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals that are toxic and persistent in the ecosystem. A widely used insecticide, diazinon (O, O-diethyl O- (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate), is highly neurotoxic to fish, and it is also well known that it causes vertebral malformation and behavioral changes of fish at relatively low concentrations. The fish behaviors were observed on a real time basis using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. The genes potentially involved in the abnormal behaviors were cloned using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics. When the test fish was affected by diazinon at a concentration of 0.1 and 1 ppm, some specific patterns were observed in its behavioral activity and locomotive tracks. The typical patterns were enhanced surfacing activity, opercular movement, erratic movement, tremors and convulsions as reported previously. The number of genes up-regulated tty diazinon treatment were 97 which includes 27 of unknown genes. The number of down-regulated genes were 99 including 60 of unknown genes. These gene expression patterns will be analyzed by the artificial neural networks such as self organization map (SOM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), revealing the role of genes responsible for the behaviors. These results may provide molecular biological and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for diazinon using a model organism such as fish.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.521-532
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Kangneung area, Korea, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified from interpretation of satellite image and field surveys. The topographic, soil, forest, geologic, lineament and land cover data were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and remote sensing data. Using frequency ratio model which is one of the probability model, the relationships between landslides and related factors such as slope, aspect, curvature and type of topography, texture, material, drainage and effective thickness of soil, type, age, diameter and density of wood, lithology, distance from lineament and land cover were calculated as frequency ratios. Then, the frequency ratio were summed to calculate a landslide susceptibility indexes and the landslide susceptibility maps were generated using the indexes. The results of the analysis were verified and cross-validated using actual landslide location data. The verification results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide locations.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2018

Lake Enriquillo, the largest lake in the Dominican Republic, recently has undergone unusual water area changes since 2001 thus it has been affected seriously by local community's livelihood. Earthquakes and seismic activities of Hispaniola plate tectonic coupled with human activities and climate change are addressed as factors causing the increasing. Thus, a thorough study on relationship between lake area changing, and those factors is needed urgently. To do so, this study applied MESMA on MODIS data to extract water area of Lake Enriquillo during 2001 and 2012 bimonthly, with six issues 12-year. MODIS provides high temporal resolution, and its coarse spatial resolution is compensated by MESMA fraction map. The increase in water area was $142.2km^2$, and the maximum lake area was $338.0km^2$ (in 2012). Water areas extracted by two Landsat scenes at two different times with three image classification approaches (ISODATA, MNDWI, and TCW) were used to assess accuracy of MODIS and MESMA results; it indicated that MESMA water areas are same as ISODATA's, less than 0.4%, while the highest difference is between MESMA and TCW, 2.4%. A number of previously formulated hypotheses of lake area change were investigated based on the outcomes of the present study, though none of them could fully explain the changes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_4
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• pp.1341-1350
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• 2019

This research deals with algorithm for forest fire severity classification using multi-temporal KOMPSAT-3A image to mapping forest fire areas. The recent satellite of the KOMPSAT series, KOMPSAT-3A, demonstrates high resolution and multi-spectral imagery with infrared and high resolution electro-optical bands. However, there is a lack of research to classify forest fire severity using KOMPSAT-3A. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze forest fire severity using KOMPSAT-3A images. In addition, this research used pre-fire and post-fire Sentinel-2 with differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to taking for burn severity distribution map. To test the effectiveness of the proposed procedure on April 4, 2019, Gangneung wildfires were considered as a case study. This research used the probability density function for the classification of forest fire damage severity based on R software, a free software environment of statistical computing and graphics. The burn severities were estimated by changing NDVI before and after forest fire. Furthermore, standard deviation of probability density function was used to calculate the size of each class interval. A total of five distribution of forest fire severity were effectively classified.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.22-24
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• 2007

Waterline extraction is the one of widely used methods for studying changes in tidal flat environment and coastlines using multi-temporal optical images such as Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+. High dynamics of tidal currents and land reclamation which accelerate sedimentation and/or erosion cause waterline change in tidal flats. The amount of sediment deposited or eroded can be evaluated by precisely estimating waterline changes in tidal flats. The objective of this study is to detect the change of waterlines during 17 years and analyze the trends of erosion and sedimentation in the study areas. The Ganghwado tidal flat on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula was selected. The study area is famous for high dynamics of tidal currents and vast tidal flats. Land reclamation which has been carried out on a large scale is also considered as one of elements that have accelerated the environmental changes in this tidal flat. In this study, we acquired 26 waterlines from Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ images. We extracted the waterline from each satellite image to generate a digital elevation map (DEM) which was used for reference and to compare with the other waterline which was extracted from DEM having a same tide. The result of comparison well depicted the areas of dominant sedimentation and erosion, and general trends of sedimentation and erosion according to sub-regions are also revealed during the investigation time. Results showed that erosion during a decade was dominant at the west of the Southern Ganghwado tidal flat, while sedimentation was dominant at the wide channel between the Southern Ganghwado tidal flat and the Yeongjongdo tidal flat. This area has been commonly affected by high currents and sedimentation energy. Although we were not able to verify the accuracy of the waterline changes, this result clearly showed the waterline change and therefore, the waterline extraction method used in this study has proven as an effective tool for long term tidal change estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.601-611
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• 2011

The paper deals with the selection of 3D display devices in accordance with the user's conveniences and accuracy of spatial information by applying 3D display devices to Spatial Information Update System (SIUS) which generate edit and update digital thematic maps. After applying different manufacturer's 3D display devices to SIUS, aerial images acquired from the stereo images were displayed through the devices and spatial information was extracted from the displayed 3D images. Assessment of 3D display devices were based on quantitative and qualitative analysis on accuracy of spatial information and user's conveniences. Planar's PL2020 and Redrover's Tru3Di 3D monitor has expressed outstanding display environment in 3D related tasks for the generation of spatial information compared to other 3D display devices. System improvement is expected regarding accuracy of spatial information, work efficiency and user's conveniences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.1 s.34
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• pp.73-84
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• 2007

The first theme of this study is to preserve and manage rural multi-functionality resource Information. This study is to suggest the method that can irradiate rural multi-functionality resource Information efficiently and constructively. GIS uses PDA and Tablet PC as an investigation tool and verifies the outcome of the development in the investigation system. This study enhanced the mobility function of PDA by installing recording system and camera to the PDA. Also, Using GPS has been ensured scientific precision and realism to the investigation. Direct input on spot can save time, cost and minimize human error by simplifying the investigation process. Database is composed of characters like scale, form, location, distance, resident's opinion and image of 37 resources. The survey system was applied in 170 villages and got a total of 12,270 resources data. Management system should be easy to input and output the surveyed information and to get reports in any kind of form ( i.e. final result can be produced as a map). By utilizing of the Rural Resource information system, the study made a simulation to compare the target areas before and after. Also, digitalized investigation system, minimized re-input and reprocessing of data and enabled to simplify and standardize the process than memorandum investigation. Data collected through digital system could offer people useful information by Web-GIS. It was need to specify practical way in decision-making and a way to measure the value of resources to align with the regional plan. Also, need to keep on developing statistical data and application program that can connect us to present the best solution to support regional planning. Therefore, quality of data is very important. Finally, it is very important to develop various programs to analyze space md rural resource by monitoring rural environment.