• 제목/요약/키워드: illumination condition

검색결과 279건 처리시간 0.028초

주택 조명환경의 실태 연구 (A Survey on Residential Lighting Environment)

  • 이진숙
    • 한국주거학회논문집
    • /
    • 제2권2호
    • /
    • pp.13-20
    • /
    • 1991
  • The purpose of this survey is to find out the problems in lighting conditions of Korean residence and bring up the improvement direction. 120 households were chosen at random among independent house and apartment house in Taejon for this survey.The results are as follows; 1) The illumination of apartment houses are 2/3 of the recommended illuminalion and that of Independent houses are 1/2 of the recommended. Thus, apartment houses have better lighting condition. 2) 7he average illumination level is improving, but it still does not reach the recommended level. Therefore, the considerable plan to maintain proper lighting levels and suit to the 1;ghting purposes is required.

  • PDF

Fuzzy Control of Anti -Sway Motion for a Remote Crane Operation

  • Park, Sun-Won;Kang, E-Sok
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
    • /
    • pp.42.1-42
    • /
    • 2001
  • This paper presents a fuzzy-based method for classification skin color object in a complex background under varying illumination. Parameters of fuzzy rule base are generated using a genetic algorithm(GA). The color model is used in the YCbCr color space. We propose a unique fuzzy system in order to accommodate varying background color and illumination condition. This fuzzy system approach to skin color classification is discussed along with an overview of YCbCr color space.

  • PDF

Changes in Electroencephalographic Results and Heart Rate Variability after Exposure to Green Landscape Photographs Correlated with Color Temperature and Illumination Level

  • Lee, Min Jung;Oh, Wook
    • 인간식물환경학회지
    • /
    • 제24권6호
    • /
    • pp.639-649
    • /
    • 2021
  • Background and objective: Various images from visual display terminals (VDTs) as well as living lighting are important parts of our daily life; thus, properly controlling the lighting environment - that is, illuminance, color temperature and good images from VDTs - can have a substantial effect on improving the mental health and work efficiency in everyday life. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses to various lighting conditions in 25 university students as they viewed images of a green landscape or traffic congestion. Methods: EEG was performed in darkness and when the room was illuminated with 10 different light-emitting diode (LED) color temperatures, while the EEG and HRV responses to green landscape or traffic congestion image stimuli were measured in darkness and during room illumination with three different LED color temperatures. Results: We found a significant difference between darkness and high LED illumination (400 lx) at 7 (CZ, F4, FZ, O1, O2, OZ, and T6) of 30 channels, while the alpha wave activity increased during darkness. In the second experiment, the green landscape image stimuli in the 30 lx-2600 K lighting condition elicited theta wave activity on the EEG, whereas the traffic congestion image stimuli under high LED illumination elicited high beta and gamma wave activities. Moreover, the subjects exhibited better stress coping ability and heart rate stability in response to green landscape image stimuli under illuminated conditions, according to their HRV. Conclusion: These results suggest that lower color temperatures and illumination levels alleviate tension, and that viewing green landscape image stimuli at low illumination, or in darkness, is effective for reducing stress. Conversely, high illumination levels and color temperatures are likely to increase tension and stress in response to traffic congestion image stimuli.

도심 실내조경 식물의 적절한 생육에 필요한 광조건 - 서울시 광화문 교보생명빌딩 그린하우스를 대상으로 - (Light Conditions for Suitable Growth of Urban Interior Plants - In Case of Green House within Kyobo Building, Seoul -)

  • 이경재;최진우;배호봉;강현경
    • 한국조경학회지
    • /
    • 제37권3호
    • /
    • pp.113-124
    • /
    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 교보생명빌딩 그린하우스를 대상으로 광조건에 따른 수목피해 및 생육상태 영향을 조사 분석하여 실내식물의 적절한 생육환경을 유지할 수 있는 적정 조도기준 도출을 목적으로 하였다. 광조건에 따른 조도현황과 고사목 교체주수, 수목피해율을 분석하여 생육조건에 따른 문제점을 파악하고 적정 조도기준을 도출하였다. 조도조사 결과 남측 음지와 양지에서 각각 531lux, 602lux로 가장 낮은 차이를 보인 반면에, 중앙 음지와 양지에서 210lux, 782lux로 약 500lux의 가장 높은 차이가 발생하였다. $1990{\sim}2004$년간 수목고사 조사결과 식재된 수목 중 아왜나무가 161주로 교체율이 가장 높았으며, 대나무 69주, 동백나무 40주, 후피향나무 40주 등의 순으로 조사되었다. 수목피해도 결과는 수종에 관계없이 채광이 양호한 양지구역에서는 평균 수목피해율이 $4.4{\sim}6.4%$로 경미하였으며, 음지구역에서는 수목피해율이 $21.9{\sim}48.8%$로 심각한 피해현상이 나타났다. 조도를 독립변수로, 수목피해도를 종속변수로 상관분석과 회귀분석을 각각 실시한 결과, 조도가 낮아질수록 수목피해율은 증가하였다. 조도가 $500{\sim}600lux$ 사이에서 피해율이 급격히 감소하였으며, 700lux 수준에서 피해율이 최소화되었다. 따라서 실내식물의 광조건에 의한 피해율을 줄이기 위해서는 최소 700lux이상의 조도가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

가시용 직분식 디젤기관의 분무와 화염에 관한 연구 (A study on the spray and flame by optically accessible D.I. diesel engine : analysis by Schlieren method and diffused background illumination method)

  • 안수길;이덕보;라진홍
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제19권3호
    • /
    • pp.9-23
    • /
    • 1995
  • To analyze the spray and flame in D.I. diesel engine, the visualizing methods by schlieren photograph and diffused background illumination photograph with high speed camera are applied to optically accessible D.I.diesel engine. Wcaporating spray, spray droplets and brightness flame are taken with high speed camera by visuallizing method in accordance with various suction air temperature and injection time. The spray and flame image on the film was analyzed by image analyzer. The optically accessible D.I. diesel engine had the similar pressure characteristic to the real D.I. diesel engine. Experimental results showed that shadow areas of the evaporating spray were extended at higher suction air temperature, spray droplets had a max. Penetration length and their penetrating patterns were dependent on the surrounding gas temperature, and flame size after ignition was largely governed by the evaporated fuel quantity at ignition point and by the surrounding gas condition due to piston motion.

  • PDF

혼성 반사면의 반사 특성 추출 및 형상 복구(II) (Shape recovery and extraction the reflection properties of hybrid reflectance surface(II))

  • 김태은;최종수
    • 전자공학회논문지S
    • /
    • 제34S권6호
    • /
    • pp.21-29
    • /
    • 1997
  • In this paper, we propose a new approach for recovering 3-D shape and extracting the reflectance properties of surface from intensity images. Photometric stereo method(PSM) is genrally based on the direct illumination. In this paper, the reflectance function is derived by interoduceing the indirect diffuse illumination in PSM and then applied to hybrid reflectance model which consists of two components; the lambertian and the specular reflectance. Under the hybrid reflectance model and the indirect diffuse illumination circumstance, the reflectance properties of sample surface can be extracting by normal sampler and then 3-D shape of an object can be recovered based on extracting reflectance properties. This method is rapid because of using the reference table and simplifies the restriction condition about the reflectance function existing in prior studies. Th erecovery efficiency in our method is better than that in prior studies. Also, this method is applied to various types of surfaces by defining general reflectance function.

  • PDF

조명 영상 합성을 통한 AAM 피팅 성능 개선 (Fitting Enhancement of AAM Using Synthesized Illumination Images)

  • 이형수;김대진
    • 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국정보과학회 2007년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2 (C)
    • /
    • pp.409-414
    • /
    • 2007
  • Active Appearance Model is a well-known model that can represent a non-rigid object effectively. However, since it uses the fixed appearance model, the fitting results are often unsatisfactory when the imaging condition of the target image is different from that of training images. To alleviate this problem, incremental AAM was proposed which updates its appearance bases in an on-line manner. However, it cannot deal with the sudden changes of illumination. To overcome this, we propose a novel scheme to update the appearance bases. When a new person appears in the input image, we synthesize illuminated images of that person and update the appearance bases of AAM using it. Since we update the appearance bases using synthesized illuminated images in advance, the AAM can fit their model to a target image well when the illumination changes drastically. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm improves the fitting performance over both the incremental AAM and the original AAM.

  • PDF

운전조건에 따른 D.I. 디젤기관의 분무·화염의 특성에 관한 연구 (배경산란광그림자사진법에 의한 해석) (A Study on the Characteristics of D. I. Diesel Spray·Flame in Operating Condition (Analysis by Diffused Background Illumination Method))

  • 라진홍;이덕보;안수길
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제3권6호
    • /
    • pp.30-40
    • /
    • 1995
  • Optically accessible D. I. diesel engine with a rectangular combustion chamber was constructed to visualize the behaviors of sprays and flames in the combustion camber with the close conditions of pressure and temperature in an actual engine. The behaviors of sprays and flames in the combustion chamber as the operating conditions of this engine were photographed with high speed camera by Diffused Background Illumination Method. With photographs taken by this method, behavior of spray droplets injected into the combustion chamber, ignition points, and flame propagation were observed and analyzed at a time-and space-dependent fashion.

  • PDF

$0.1{\mu}m$급 dense 패턴 형성을 위한 사입사 조명 조건과 OPC 보조 패턴 크기의 최적 조건에 관한 연구 (Research on the optimization of off-axis illumination condition and sub-resolution pattern size for the $0.1{\mu}m$ rule dense pattern formation)

  • 박정보;이재봉;이성묵
    • 한국광학회지
    • /
    • 제12권3호
    • /
    • pp.190-199
    • /
    • 2001
  • 본 연구에서는 193nm의 ArF excimer laser 광원과 0.65의 NA를 갖는 광학계에서 기본 선폭이 $0.1{\mu}m$이고 duty ratio 가 1:1인 dense line & space(LS) 패턴에 대하여 여러사입사 조명 조건에 따른 초점심도(Depth of Focus; DOF)와 cutoff intensity를 확인하고 기본 capacitor 패턴에서 광학적 근접효과 보정을 위한 hammer head형 보조 패턴의 크기와 여러사입사 조건에 다른 DOF와 cutoff intensity의 변화에 대하여 알아보았다. 그결과 0.1$\mu$m급의 dense 패턴 구현을 위해서는 전형적인 X자형 사구 조명보다는 십자(+)형 사구 조명이나 환형조명이 보다 효과적인 것을 알수 있었다. 이와 더불어 보조 패턴의 크기가 약간 변한다 하더라도 일정한 초점심도와 cutoff intensity를 유지하는 경향을 보이는 특정한 조명 조건이 존재함을 밝히고 그에 따라 최적의 조명 조건과 보조 패턴의 크기에 대하여 알아보았다.

  • PDF

5층 링 조명에 의한 BGA 볼의 검사 방법 (Inspection method of BGA Ball Using 5-step Ring Illumination)

  • 김종형
    • 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
    • /
    • 제21권12호
    • /
    • pp.1115-1121
    • /
    • 2015
  • Fast inspection of solder ball bumps in ball grid array (BGA) is an important issue in the flip chip bonding technology. Particularly, semiconductor industry has required faster and more accurate inspection of micron-size solder bumps in flip chip bonding, as the density of balls increase dramatically. In this paper, we describe an inspection approach of BGA balls by using 5-step ring illumination device and normalized cross-correlation (NCC) method. The images of BGA ball by the illumination device show unique and distinguishable characteristic contours by their 3-D shapes, which are called as "iso-slope contours". Template images of reference ball samples can be produced artificially by the hybrid reflectance model and 3D data of balls. NCC values between test and template samples are very robust and reliable under well-structured condition. The 200 samples on real wafer are tested and show good practical feasibility of the proposed method.