• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 1974

A study was carried out to detect of illegal artificial dyes, and to confirm the used rate of illegal dyes in the production process of commercial drops (candy), from Dec. 10, 1972 to Feb. 10, 1973. In this study, it was used thin layer chromatography, the samples were divided into two groups, group A of inscribed trade name and group B of not inscribed trade name. To contrast with group A and group B, 100 samples were randomly collected in the market places, 50 samples from group A and 50 samples from group B. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of group A and 9% of group B. 2) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of red, 2% of yellow, 1% of violet and 6% of green, not in blue. 3) used rate of illegal dyes 3% of Rhodamine B, 3% of Auramine and 6% of Light green S.F. Yellowish. 4) Out of 20 cases those used mixed dyes, only one case was confirmed as two illegal dyes, and 4 cases were used one illegal dye.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2020

Parrots are common targets for illegal trade because of their beauty and high price. Accurate identification is necessary for the prevention of illegal trade and conservation of parrots. In the present study, mitochondrial markers of cytochrome b (CYTB) gene were used to identify parrot species from Korean zoos. Totally, 27 samples were collected from Seoul Zoo, Cheongju Zoo, and Uchi Zoo. After collection, total DNA of samples was extracted and used for PCR amplification. CYTB fragments were sequenced from all samples examined. The obtained sequences were used for GenBank blast, distance estimation, and phylogenetic analysis. All species were identified using CYTB sequences that determined 27 samples belong to 13 species in 7 genera, and 3 families. Our finding demonstrated the usefulness of CYTB sequences for identifying parrot species in Korean zoos.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Illegal software use have been abroad through online (internet) and offline (CD, DVD, USB, etc.). It infringes intellectual property rights and weakens the will to software development. Also, it generates the software errors and virus intrusion in PC. It hinders national software industry and induces the personal and national trade friction. Many group (company, office, organization, institution, etc.) have been realized the prohibition of illegal software use. But, it is too hard to monitor and control illegal software use. In this paper, we propose a method of software management in a group. A software module of client agency is installed in all PC of the group. A main server of the software management controls the all of the PC through the communication. The server blocks the install of illegal software, permits the install / use of honest goods software, monitors the license (term, amount) in all the PC. The system prevents errors of illegal software use, all cuts the virus intrude through the illegal software, improves the performance of PC relatively.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.572-593
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• 2022

Crime committed by civilians and criminals using legal and illegal firearms and conversion of legal firearms into illegal ones has become a common practice around the world. As a result, policies to control civilian gun ownership have been debated in several countries. The issue arose because the linkages between firearm-related mortality, weapon accessibility, and violent crime data can imply diverse options for addressing criminality. In this paper, we have projected a mathematical model in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative to address the issues viz. input of legal guns, crime committed by legal and illegal guns, and strict government policies to monitor the license of legal guns, strict action against violent crime. The boundedness, existence and uniqueness of solutions and the stability of points of equilibrium are examined. It is observed that violent crime increases with the increase of crime committed by illegal guns, crime committed by legal guns and, decreases with the increase of legal guns, the deterrent effect of civilian gun ownership, and action of law against crime. Further, legal guns increase with the increase of the limitation of trade of illegal guns and decrease with the increase of conversion of legal guns into illegal guns and increase of the growth rate of illegal guns. Again, as crime is committed by legal guns also, the policy of illegal gun control does not assure a crime-free society. Weak gun control can lead to a society with less crime. Theoretical aspects are numerically verified in the present work.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1990

본고(本稿)는 밀수(密輸)나 암시장(暗市場)(black market)과 같은 불법거래행위(不法去來行爲)가 발생(發生)하는 원인이 제한적(制限的) 수입정책(輸入政策)에 있다는 주장(主張)의 타당성(妥當性)에 대하여 분석(分析)하고 있다. 암거래상품(暗去來商品)과 합법교역상품(合法交易商品)이 똑같은 가격(價格)으로 거래되는 경우에는, 수입자유화(輸入自由化) 결과(結果)로 수입단가(輸入單價)가 하락하면 국내생산공급(國內生産供給)과 암거래(暗去來)가 감소하고 수입량(輸入量)이 증가하여 합법교역(合法交易) 암거래(暗去來) 대체효과(代替效果)가 발생한다. 그러나 암거래(暗去來)와 합법거래(合法去來)가 이원적(二元的)으로 운용(運用)되는 경우에는, 암거래상품(暗去來商品)과 합법교역상품(合法交易商品) 사이의 상대가격변화(相對價格變化)는 두 상품수요(商品需要)에 대한 대체효과(代替效果)와 소득효과(所得效果)를 유발한다. 따라서 수입가격하락(輸入價格下落)으로 합법교역상품(合法交易商品)의 상대가격(相對價格)이 하락하면 합법교역상품(合法交易商品)에 대한 수요(需要)가 증가하나 암거래상품(暗去來商品)의 수요(需要)에 대해서는 부(負)의 대체효과(代替效果)와 정(正)의 소득효과(所得效果)가 발생하는데, 대체효과(代替效果)를 소득효과(所得效果)가 상살(相殺)하는 경우에는 수입정책완화(輸入政策緩和)의 암거래억제효과(暗去來抑制效果)가 나타나지 않는다. 반면 직접적인 암거래규제강화(暗去來規制强化)는 암거래행위(暗去來行爲)의 위험비용(危險費用)을 증가시키므로 암시장가격(暗市場價格)이 상승하고 암거래행위(暗去來行爲)가 위축(萎縮)되는 효과(效果)가 발생한다. 이와 같은 결과는 제한적(制限的) 수입정책(輸入政策)이 유발하는 잠재적(潛在的) 초과수요(超過需要)뿐만 아니라 면세수입증가(免稅輸入增加)에 따르는 잠재적(潛在的) 초과공급(超過供給)이 암시장(暗市場)의 생성(生成)을 유발한다는 전제(前提)로부터 도출되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

Due to increasing possession of the car, so car trade is brisk. In the type of trade, new car buying is more than used car. In the used car trade, customer's lose has increasing cause by illegal or opaque trade. It is necessary that considering a counterplan for this problem. In this study, we develop used car trade standard, so customer's lose has decreasing and deducing legal trade of used car.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2115-2130
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• 2022

With the development of over-the-top (OTT) services, the demand for content is increasing, and you can easily and conveniently acquire various content in the online environment. As a result, copyrighted content can be easily copied and distributed, resulting in serious copyright infringement. Some special forms of online service providers (OSP) use filtering-based technologies to protect copyrights, but illegal uploaders use methods that bypass traditional filters. Uploading with a title that bypasses the filter cannot use a similar search method to detect illegal content. In this paper, we propose a technique for profiling the Heavy Uploader by normalizing the bypassed content title and efficiently detecting illegal content. First, the word is extracted from the normalized title and converted into a bit-array to detect illegal works. This Bloom Filter method has a characteristic that there are false positives but no false negatives. The false positive rate has a trade-off relationship with processing performance. As the false positive rate increases, the processing performance increases, and when the false positive rate decreases, the processing performance increases. We increased the detection rate by directly comparing the word to the result of increasing the false positive rate of the Bloom Filter. The processing time was also as fast as when the false positive rate was increased. Afterwards, we create a function that includes information about overall piracy and identify clustering-based heavy uploaders. Analyze the behavior of heavy uploaders to find the first uploader and detect the source site.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.389-409
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• 2012

중개무역의 활성화와 기업의 해외현지법인의 증가로 인한 스위치선하증권의 사용이 빈번해지고 있으며 이와 더불어 이것의 불법적인 발행으로 인한 분쟁도 종종 발생하고 있다. 이러한 분쟁에 대해서는 몇 가지 중요한 판례가 있지만 이에 대한 연구는 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 스위치선하증권의 불법적 발행관행을 관련 판례를 통하여 조사하고 관련 당사자의 대책을 모색하고자 한다. 스위치선하증권에서는 원선하증권의 선적인, 수하인, 선적항. 하역항, 선적일 등이 변경 또는, 선적인에게 불리한 부기가 제거되거나 선하증권이 분할 또는 통합 발행된다. 여기서 운송인이 원선하증권을 회수하지 않은 상태에서 스위치선하증권을 발행하거나 선적일자, 선적항 또는 하역항을 허위로 기재하거나 불리한 부기가 삭제된 스위치선하증권을 발행하는 것은 불법적인 것으로 볼 수 있다. 스위치선하증권의 불법적 발행은 선적인과 은행 등 무역거래 당사자에게 위험 요인이 된다. 즉 선적인은 대금을 회수하지 못하였음에도 불구하고, 스위치선하증권에 의해서 화물이 제3자에게 인도되면 대금을 회수하지 못하여 손실이 발생한다. 화물의 담보권을 가지고 있는 신용장 개설은행 또는 매입은 행도 스위치선하증권의 불법적인 발행에 따라 그들의 담보권이 침해된다. 대부분의 경우 운송인은 중개무역상과 거래관계에 따라 어쩔 수 없이 원선하증권을 회수하지 않은 상태에서 스위치선하증권을 발행하고 있다. 하나의 화물에 대하여 두 세트 이상의 선하증권이 존재하는 것은 운송인에게 대단히 위험한 것이다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

The amount of digital content grows exponentially by the development of the internet and the change of computing environments and the target also is getting wider. The industry using this digital content has been growing greatly. However, the distribution of pirated digital content is increasing using internet because digital content is easy to store and transmit and the damage is growing. In this paper, we propose safety trading system which can conceal the author's information safely in digital content in order to block illegal distribution of digital content. ARIA encryption algorithm is used to protect the concealed information of author in digital content and it is a help to track the illegal traders by doing fingerprinting of buyer information to digital content and managing the transaction information. The technical support for copyright dispute is to allow by providing the capability to verify illegal edit to original digital contents.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.203-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the protection measures for the importer's interests through the utilization of electronic delivery order(e-D/O) with the implementation of trade facilitation measures such as the simplification of customs procedures by the Korea Customs Service. The Korea Customs Service has been introducing several custom facilitation measures through the use of EDI system in the export and import processes. Korea has also already achieved a comparable level of sophistication in trade automation and custom simplification field. However, the full benefits of the trade automation and custom simplification measures have not yet achieved through the frequent illegal delivery of the imported goods in the bonded areas. Therefore, it is argued in this study that the introduction and the full utilization of e-D/O would help to reap the trade automation and custom simplification measures in Korea. In conclusion, it is emphasized that it would be very crucial for the Korean government to introduce the trusted repository for distribution of the electronic trade-related documents and the construction of the one stop single window platform for the trade and customs facilitation.