• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

Petroleum is the most used energy source in Korea with a usage rate of 39.5% among the available 1st energy source. The price of liquid petroleum products in Korea includes a lot of tax such as transportation·environment·energy tax. Thus, illegal production and distribution of liquid petroleum is widespread because of its huge price difference, including its tax-free nature, from that of the normal product. Generally, illegal petroleum product is produced by illegally mixing liquid petroleum with other similar petroleum alternatives. In such case, it is easy to distinguish whether the product is illegal by analyzing its physical properties and typical components. However, if one the components of original petroleum product is added to illegal petroleum, distinguishing between the two petroleum products will be difficult. In this research, we inspect illegally produced gasoline, which is mixed with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as an octane booster. This illegal gasoline shows a high octane number and oxygen content. Further, we analyze the different types of green dyes used in illegal gasoline through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We conduct component analyses on the simulated sample obtained from premium gasoline and MTBE. Finally, the illegal gasoline is defined as premium gasoline with 10% MTBE. The findings of this study suggest that illegal petroleum can be identified through an analytic method of components and simulated samples.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2002

Illegal fishing is often cited as a principal cause of the failure of fisheries management, expecially fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. Usually, illegal fishing problems are perceived to be equivalent to inadequate enforcement, and policy prescription then follow to strengthen enforcement programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the illegal fishing behavior relatively recent emphasis on fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. The analysis focuses on measuring, explaining and developing the effectiveness way of enforcement strategies responding to imperfectly managed fishing efforts regulations through illegal fishing behavior and avoid enforcement fishing efforts measures. A model of fishermen fishing behavior and profit-maximizing decision making is analyzed to determine optimal fishing at individual fisherman level in response to fishing efforts regulation. The results of economic analysis of the enforcement of illegal fishing in traditional fisheries management results are as follows: First, illegal fishing will occur only if enforcement effort is not so high as to remove the incentive to do so, and if the effectiveness of avoidance is not too great, nor its cost too low. Second, avoidance effort will occur at a level jointly proportional to the extent of illegal activity and of enforcement; for given levels of the latter, the desired avoidance effort increase with its effectiveness and decrease with its cost Third, to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, understanding avoidance behavior appears to be crucial to any efforts. Forth, enforcement and fishermen behavior interact depends strongly on characteristics of avoidance, specifically its cost and effectiveness. When avoidance is neither too cheap nor too effective, the interaction is regular. Fifth, in this case, at low levels of enforcement, fishers respond to increases in enforcement by increasing avoidance, but at higher enforcement levels, it becomes uneconomical to continue to do so, and avoidance decreases with enforcement. Sixth, illegal fishing activity decreases steadily with enforcement, so the fishery manager is able, in theory, to reduce illegal fishing toward zero by increasing enforcement. If, however, avoidance is very inexpensive and/or very efficient/ then the optimal level of avoidance will increase indefinitely with increasing enforcement. Finally, less fishery enforcement is required if fishermen have less incentive to overfish, and fishermen have less incentive to avoid fishery enforcement measures.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.655-668
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• 2011

Although consumer ethical behavior related with illegal copies of digital software has been considered to be an important issue, not many studies have attempted to examine the issue. Firstly, this study attemped to explain the moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications for college students. Secondly, psychological factors such as moral intensity and perceived risk related to making illegal copies were tested to be significantly different in individual characteristics such as experience of ethical education and past experience of making illegal copies of software, sex, age and household income. Thirdly, the effect of related factors such as psychological factors and individual characteristics was estimated to significantly influence moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies. Two step method(using LIMDEP program) was applied to estimate the model as a structural equation model. According to the results of this study, magnitude of consequences, financial risk and performance risk were found to be significantly different in income groups(less than middle class vs more than middle class). Prosecution risk was found to be significantly different in gender groups(female vs male). In addition, social consensus, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk were found to be significantly different in ethical education groups(experience vs no experience). Furthermore, moral judgment for making illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by income, ethical education, magnitude of consequences, temporal immediacy and social consensus. And intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by moral judgment, age, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2022

이 연구는 낮은 자기통제력이 스마트폰 이용상의 사이버범죄에 미치는 영향에서 그 매개과정이 어떠한지의 연구모형을 구성함에 있어 낮은 자기통제력이 스마트폰중독에 영향을 주고 아울러 스마트폰중독이 사회학습과정과 범죄기회의 증가를 가져와 사이버범죄에 영향을 미친다는 연구모형을 구성하고 검증했다. 서울시 대학생 대상의 조사자료의 분석결과 낮은 자기통제력은 스마트폰중독에 유의미한 영향력을 가졌다. 그리고 스마트 폰사용에 중독될수록 불법친구와 접촉할 가능성이 높았고, 불법태도를 학습하며, 또한 불법기회에 노출되어 사이버범죄 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 낮은 자기통제력은 스마트폰중독의 매개없이도 직접적으로 학습 및 기회요인에 유의미한 영향력을 가져 불법친구와 불법태도에, 그리고 불법기회에 유의미한 영향력을 가졌고 최종 매개변인으로 사회학습 및 기회요인이 사이버범죄에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과에서 처럼 낮은 자기통제력은 스마트폰중독을 통해 그리고 학습 및 기회요인을 매개로 사이버범죄에 영향을 미치는 것을 제시했다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2008

The regional characteristics of crackdown on illegal fisheries in Korea Waters are investigated using data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, local cities and Provincial governments, and the Korea Coast Guard from 1996 to 2006, focusing on the relationship between the crackdown on illegal fisheries, catches within the affected regions, and characteristics of similar crackdown in Chinese fishing vessels. Illegal fisheries in the South Sea were all strongly affected within each region, and a relationship between the crackdown and subsequent catches showed a relatively good correlation in the South Sea. As a monthly variation, a strong correlation appeared during the autumn season, but this strong correlation was not evident during the spring. This paper suggests that a relationship exists between the crackdown on illegal fisheries and subsequent catch rates, suggesting that an intensification of these efforts in the South Sea and the Yellow Sea, and attendant increases in manpower and equipment would result in a significant decrease in illegal fishing by Chinese fishing vessels from year to year.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2013

Objectives : This study intended to figure out illegal treatment by unlicensed person in dental area and factors, which were considered as user's position on the basis of the local community investigation of health conditions in chungbuk provinces in 2008. Methods : This study used chi-square test and complex sample design of multi-variate logistic regression analysis to question 12,443 peoples who have experience on illegal dental treatment. Results : Multi-variate logistic regression analysis results showed that factors having related to illegal dental treatment are sex, age, education standards, subjective awareness of oral health condition, drinking experience of lifetime, unmet need of dental treatment, chewing difficulty, use of dentures, experience of scaling and the use of interdental care instrument. Conclusions : As a result of this study, in order to root out illegal dental treatment, we need to expand the breadth of health insurance coverage so that it can reduce the burden of dental expenses. Moreover, we need to set out health service of public oral health to inform the importances of maintaining good oral health and the problems of illegal dental treatment by unlicensed person.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 1974

A study was carried out to detect of illegal artificial dyes, and to confirm the used rate of illegal dyes in the production process of commercial drops (candy), from Dec. 10, 1972 to Feb. 10, 1973. In this study, it was used thin layer chromatography, the samples were divided into two groups, group A of inscribed trade name and group B of not inscribed trade name. To contrast with group A and group B, 100 samples were randomly collected in the market places, 50 samples from group A and 50 samples from group B. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of group A and 9% of group B. 2) used rate of illegal dyes were 2% of red, 2% of yellow, 1% of violet and 6% of green, not in blue. 3) used rate of illegal dyes 3% of Rhodamine B, 3% of Auramine and 6% of Light green S.F. Yellowish. 4) Out of 20 cases those used mixed dyes, only one case was confirmed as two illegal dyes, and 4 cases were used one illegal dye.

• 센서학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2022

Crimes related to illegal cameras are steadily increasing and causing social problems. Owing to the development of camera technology, the miniaturization and high performance of illegal cameras have caused anxiety among many people. This study is for detecting hidden cameras effectively such that they could not be easily detected by human eyes. An image sensor-based module with 940 nm wavelength infrared detection technology was developed, and an image processing algorithm was developed to selectively detect illegal cameras. Based on the Android smartphone environment, image processing technology was applied to an image acquired from an infrared camera, and a detection sensor module that is less sensitive to ambient brightness noise was studied. Experiments and optimization studies were conducted according to the Gaussian blur size, adaptive threshold size, and detection distance. The performance of the infrared image-based illegal camera detection sensor module was excellent. This is expected to contribute to the prevention of crimes related to illegal cameras.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2023

경제발전과 국민소득 증가로 자동차 수는 계속 증가하고 있으며 이는 한정된 도로 여건과 주차 시설 부족으로 불법주정차 문제가 심각한 상황이다. 불법주정차는 사람들에게 많은 불편과 불쾌감을 주며, 또한 사고로 인한 인명 피해로까지 이어지게 한다. 수도권을 중심으로 늘어나는 차량과 불법주정차로 인해 관련 사고 및 그 피해의 심각성은 날로 커지고 있다. 이는 사회문제 발생의 원인이 되면서 불법주정차를 줄이기 위한 대책 마련에 힘쓰고 있다. 특히, 국내에서는 수도권에 거주하는 사람들의 민원 절반이 불법주정차 문제이고, 이로 인한 물리적 피해와 인명 피해가 가장 많은 곳은 경기도이다. 그리하여, 본 연구에서는 경기도 수원시의 불법주정차 관련 데이터를 기반으로 머신러닝 기법을 이용하여 지역 특성을 새롭게 분류하고, 이를 기반으로 효과적인 불법주정차 단속 방안을 제안한다. 더불어, 수도권 지역의 불법주정차 문제를 감소하기 위한 실무적·사회적·정책 및 법률적 방안을 제시한다. 본 연구는 사회문제 중 하나로 언급되고 있는 도시의 교통체증을 증가시키는 불법주정차 문제에 머신러닝 알고리즘인 K-prototype을 이용하여 지역 특성을 새롭게 분류한 것에 학술적 의의가 있다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 수도권 지역의 불법주정차 문제를 감소하기 위한 방안을 제시함으로써 실무적 및 사회적 측면에 기여한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2017년도 제55차 동계학술대회논문집 25권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2017

illegal medical advertisement have been on the rise, and false and exaggerated medical advertising are increasing the damage to medical consumers. Therefore it is urgent to take countermeasures about this. Thus, this paper try to analyzes the characteristics of general commercial and other medical advertisements and looks for alternatives that can minimize the damage caused by illegal medical advertisements and institutional weaknesses by analyzing the regulatory trends in medical advertising.