• 복식
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• 제61권7호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2011

In this study, repression of the body is defined as a restriction on natural developments or movements and a modification either temporarily or permanently of the human body in shape, color, texture and odor. In addition, it involves physical and (or) mental pain. Chinese foot-binding and the Western corset are extreme examples of female body's being repressed in the history of fashion. The analysis of this type of repression will be based on historical research and theoretical concepts such as Darwin's (1809-1882) survival condition, Freud's (1856-1939) renunciation of desire, Weil's (1909-1943) privilege, and Foucault's (1926-1984) L'Usage des Plaisirs(the use of pleasure). Chinese foot-binding symbolically represents ideal beauty, the distinction of an ethnic group, and a desire for improved social status in the struggle for political power. It also represents psychology and a esthetics of eroticism and fetishism that originate from a man's desire and his individual taste. Symbolically, the Western corset represents abundance and fecundity, obedience and devotion to religion, the sanctity of God and ideal beauty as defined by political power. It also represents psychology and aesthetics of eroticism and fetishism as man's desire and a fashion icon. In conclusion, Chinese foot-binding was pursuit of power in male ideology but Western corset was a power struggle between God and mankind.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.588-594
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• 2008

Lookism is spread largely because many people think beautiful people are treated better and receive more favors. This trend has been influenced by mass media and impacted by commercial marketing strategy. The expectation for the beauty have risen higher than ever. People expect beautiful body and beautiful face which are more difficult to meet the standard of beauty. People desire tall and skinny body. The purpuse of this study was to find out body image from college females in the age which they are very sensitive to appearance. This research focused to find out how they perceived their own body shape and their perception of the most ideal body shape. Measuring tool for the research was 9 pictures of body silhouette from very skinny to very fat. To analyse the respondents' objective body image, Body Mass Index were employed. The result of this research indicated that there were distinct differences between their subjective body images and ideal body images. This result indicated that they were not satisfied with their own body shape and hence they were not confident towards their body images. Even though their objective bodies were normal or under weight, they still felt they were over weight. This meant their body images were misrepresented. They preferred thinner bodies even though their bodies were perfectly normal and healthy. But these misrepresented body images could be unhealthy physically, psychologically, or socially. These results showed that college females were overly obsessive with superficial appearance rather than improving ones capability to be more competitive in the society. From this research, I tried to find out perception of body image and it's distortion which was debated a lot in our society. I also want to provide basic reference material for establishing the body image study.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

본고는 개인의 덕성(德性)과 사회적 덕행(德行)의 보편적 가치와 규범이 제시되어 있는 유가(儒家) 경전(經典)을 토대로 군자(君子)다운 지도자상은 어떠한 것인가를 파악하는 작업이다. 따라서 인간다움을 참다운 것으로 삼고, 인간관계의 사회성을 제대로 실천하는 유덕자(有德者)의 가치관에 대하여 논의하고 있다. 군자상의 진면목은 조화의 균형 감각이 있고 자기 수양에 엄격하며 인간관계의 상생적 가치를 창출하는 등 진선미가 삼위일체로 융합되는 '성기성물(成己成物)'의 참된 인물상(人物像)이라는 점을 찾아보고자 한다. 유가(儒家)에서 말하는 성인(聖人), 현인(賢人), 대인(大人), 군자(君子) 등은 인간세상을 이끌어가는 사회지도자를 의미한다. 그들은 무엇보다도 인간다운 도리를 지키며 사회풍토를 아름답게 교화하고 정신과 물질(物質)의 조화(調和) 인격(人格)과 능력(能力) 경제(經濟)와 도덕(道德)을 겸비한 인물로 지목(指目)하고 있다. 현대 사회인들은 순수한 지성(知性)문화의 가치보다는 물질적 가치의 선호도(選好度)에 따라 개인적인 성장(成長)을 꾀하고, 시각적으로 보여 지는 외형적인 무한경쟁(無限競爭)에 편중되어 있다. 오늘날 디지털 시대에 자신의 개성을 연출하는 것은 부정할 수는 없지만, 외모(外貌)에 집착(執着)하여 지나친 다이어트로 건강미를 상실하고, 그로 인(因)한 정신적 스트레스는 외모 집착과 외모중시의 병적인 폐단을 불러일으키고 있다. 이러한 현상을 극복(克復)하기 위해 절실하게 요청되는 대안으로 내적 소양과 외적 전문성을 고루 겸비한 온전한 인격체, 즉 이른바 "문질(文質)이 빈빈(彬彬)"한 진선미(眞善美)의 융합적 지도자상이 필요하다고 하겠다. 유교사상은 수기치인(修己治人)의 도(道)를 현실에서 실천하는 것이다. 수기는 개인적으로는 덕성적 능력을 계발하여 도덕적 인격을 함양하는 것이며, 치인은 사회적으로는 함께 일하는 올바른 인간관계를 갖도록 소통(疏通)하는 것이다. 이 때문에 leader 또는 지도자는 자신뿐만 아니라 타인까지도 감화시킬 수 있어야 한다. 수기치인은 '스스로의 덕성을 가다듬어 다른 사람들을 이끈다.'는 의미이다. 참다운 지도자는 수기(修己)를 통해 자기성찰과 자기정립을 한 다음에 치인(治人) 또는 남들과 함께 살아가는 안인(安人)의 경지에 서게 되는 것이다. 모든 물건에는 값어치가 있고 나름대로의 德이 있듯이. 인간 역시 인격과 덕성(德性)을 갖추고자, 배우고 익혀 자신만의 전문성 신뢰성 그리고 인격과 능력을 겸비하여, 자신만의 브랜드(Brand)가치를 창출해 내고자 한다. 개인의 인격(人格)은 높은 지위나 재력 권력에서 나오는 것이 아니다. 인격이란 개인의 덕성으로서 자기수양을 통하여 마음에 조금도 티가 없는 상쾌함으로, 굳이 한자로 표현하자면 맑고 깨끗한 '소쇄(瀟灑)'에 부합된다고 할 수 있다. 즉 인간이 天性으로 품부 받은 덕성인 지(知) 인(仁) 용(勇)을 겸비한 지극히 인간다움의 인격(人格)을 지닌 지도자상으로 군자상(君子像)을 제시한다. 자아개발은 self leader, 즉 수기(修己)를 통하여 덕성수양과 자아경영의 힘을 기르게 된다. 관계영역의 leader(治人)는 자신(自身)의 덕성(德性)을 덕행(德行)으로 미루어 가는 즉 남의 입장에서 생각하는 역지사지(易地思之)의 마음으로 확대(擴大) 시킬 수 있다. 이처럼 자신의 마음을 미루어 남을 생각하는 리더십을 "대학(大學)"에서는 "혈구지도(?矩之道)"라고 한다. 논자의 견해는, 인격미(人格美)는 지(知) 인(仁) 용(勇)'으로 덕성(德性)의 씨앗을 일구고 상생미(相生美)는 '서(恕)'로써 타인(他人)에게 행동으로 보여주는 덕행의 마땅한 올바름을 구현하며 조화미(調和美)는 '혈구지도(?矩之道)'로써 남을 나처럼 아끼고 사랑하여 나와 같은 마음 즉 보편적 원리인 덕화(德和)를 구현할 수 있다고 여긴다. 이처럼, 지도자상의 자질은 자신의 소양과 남을 배려하는 마음이 총체적으로 잘 조화를 이룰 때 지도자가 지니고 있는 능력을 무한히 발휘하며, 많은 사람들과 공생(共生) 공존(共存)하며 서로 승승적(乘勝的)관계로 거듭 성장해 나갈 수 있는 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.577-589
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• 2013

Fashion is traditionally perceived as a non-art in art philosophy; however, it is now being evaluated as art through the process of recognizing its cultural value and position. This study investigated the expanded concept of contemporary fashion in the same context of the expanded concept of contemporary art to present the possibility of fashion as art. This study enhances the artistic and cultural value, as well as the social function and position, of fashion by granting it the same status as art according to the concept of expanded contemporary art. For the research method, a literature review and a case analysis were conducted through specialty publications related to art history, aesthetics, and fashion in addition to regular publications, websites specializing in fashion, art museums and fashion style websites. The expanded aesthetic concept of contemporary art has embraced challenges to ideal beauty, production methods through interactivity, and expansion of art expression through mass media and industrial products. In the same context, the expanded aesthetic concept of contemporary fashion has established challenges to conventional beauty, the expansion of production methods, and the expansion and transfiguration of materials.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2009

This study was conducted to generate fundamental data required by food coordinators and food space creators for planning and directing table settings. The results of this study were then used to suggest an ideal model of table settings for Korean-style food equipped with simple, sophisticated, and practical characteristics. Specifically, this study evaluated the importance of hygiene (safety, cleanness, arrangement), decoration (dignity, form, stylishness, presentation of food on plates), naturalness (seasonal beauty, comfortableness, natural beauty), and modernity (modern style, chic style, urban style). These factors were evaluated according to the preference of the table setting and the characteristics of the meeting, which fit various meal cultures, times, places, and objectives. The results of this study indicate that people prefer hygiene and decoration for family meetings (bansang setting), hygiene and modernity for friendly meetings (simple buffet setting), hygiene and decoration for company meetings (simple buffet setting), and hygiene and decoration for academic meetings (tea party). Hygiene and decoration were highly evaluated in most cases, which indicates that individuals at meetings for special purposes give weight to the meeting's atmosphere, but also consider the hygiene and cleanliness of the food.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

This study examines the esthetic characteristics in the haute couture work of Jean Paul Gaultier, who represents the fashion in France and is famous for avant-garde and experimental works through dismantling, from the first haute couture collection in 1997 to the present. The materials for the study are the precedent studies, the related literature, and the photographs of the works and the interview articles in domestic and international fashion journals. Three characteristics are revealed in his works. First of all, he provided a transcendental fashion different from the established wearing or ornamental ways by dismantling the dichotomies between male and female, time and space, and beauty and ugliness. Second, he reflected the decadent beauty recognized as representing women's sexual and provocative expression based on exposure, suppression, perversion, and grotesque manifestations by shaping an esthetic value within a different point of view. Finally, he was characterized as being transcendental with an eclectic fusion of intercultural differences or dynamics, items in costume formation, time and space, and eastern and western. This transcendental expression, Gaultier's desire for creativeness, can be an ideal characterizing this era.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The modern landscape architectural profession and education of Korea was established in the early 1970s. The former president Park Chung-Hee was a main axis in this process of establishment. This paper critically examines Park Chung-Hee's thoughts on landscape architecture. It can show us the functional relationship between his thoughts and the beginning of the history of modem landscape architecture in Korea. The close relationship between Park Chung-Hee and Korean landscape architecture can be interpreted as double sides. First, landscape architecture was a matter of great interest for Park Chung-Hee. His involvement of landscape architecture went well beyond that of an amateur. Second, landscape architecture was a strategic instrument for practicing his political policy of economic development and nationalism. There are three remarkable tendencies in his thoughts on landscape architecture. First, he regarded that the main role of landscape architecture was to cover and to decorate damaged sites. Second, he had a contradictory notion of tradition and history. Last, the European pastoral ideal was his criterion for the beauty of landscape. His thoughts on landscape architecture were an amalgamation of these three contradictory ideas, and it has left some controversial inheritances for contemporary landscape architecture.

• 복식
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2009

This study is about Christian Dior's and Martin Margiela's fashion works that create 'New look' which leads the periodic ideology, philosophies, circumstances and the trend at that time. For the systematized interpretation, this study investigates the iconology of E. Panofsky, E. H. Gombrich and N. Goodman. Based on their theories, iconological analysis paradigm is made into four phases: I. Recognition of iconological form, II. Analysis of External Elements, III. Analysis of symbolic meanings and artistic will and IV. Aesthetic enjoyment and communication with a viewer. Christian Dior treats woman as a organic and architectural structure. He falls in love with himself such as narcissus and woman who wears his works. Dior's ego is visualized by woman and his works which are the symbol of narcissism and beauty. Martin Margiela makes form of clothes and at the same time destroys. Margiela deconstructs aura of clothes and tries to make it unfamiliar. Also he changes traditional idea of beauty and creates 'ugliness' which is a notion of dialectic. Margiela transforms elements of clothes which brings variation of thinking and makes it possible to create new look. Christian Dior and Martin Margiela are the creators of new look which visualizes the notion of habitus that is the space of self-exists. Fashion dose not have to be what people wears but it could be an image itself. It means that fashion is a part of ontology and it is a 'New look' which is based on economy, the standard of periodical beauty and ideal aspects. The creation of clothes is a work of embodiment of human being where it constructed or deconstructed.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2004

In order to investigate female workers' recognition of image making, this study conducted a survey of female workers in Daegu and obtained results as follows. First, according to the result of analyzing recognition of image making, many of female workers, 82.3% of whom were between 20s and 40s, replied that they were 'pure and lively'(41.8%) or 'elegant and womanly'(32.3%) but what they sought for in their mind was an elegant and womanly image. However, the image that a majority of female workers wanted to have in the future was 'elegant and womanly' (53.3%) and 'sexy and attractive'(27.4%). This suggests that our society still demand women to be womanly as well as sexy and attractive. Second, with regard to outward image by age, most female workers regardless of age thought that outward image is important for social life. This suggests that younger women recognize more the influence of image and, consequently, the necessity of image making. Thus, the recognition of the importance of outward image appears to result in the proportional enhancement of the consciousness of image management. Third, younger women have a great difference between their current image and the image they seek for and such a difference may be related to mental immaturity between ideal and reality. Fourth, as for the relationship between image making and occupation, those who engaged in service and beauty art highly recognized the importance of image making as they were greatly influenced by their outward image in their social life.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2012

Nowadays, plastic surgical operations are increasingly being performed in Korea. We have gained added interest in this because some professional pictures contain plastic surgery in their venue. In the films, we intend to see the recognition of society for plastic surgeons and which field of plastic surgery. The list of movies for analysis were 'Plastic Beauty (1975)', 'Penthouse Elephant (2005)', '200 Pounds Beauty (2006)', 'Cinderella (2006)', and 'Time (2006)'. The TV dramas were 'She is looking (2005)', 'Lovers (2006-2007)', and 'Before & After Plastic Surgery Clinic (2008)'. Films were analyzed according to the following: the chief complaints and names of the operations, character of plastic surgeons, result of the operation and its possibility in reality, and its effect of plastic surgery on the life of the patients. Most of the film contained facial transplantation or the change of the face or body different from the original shape. Character type of the plastic surgeons was mostly medical realism, rather than ideal humanism. Most of the plastic surgeons have capability as a doctor; however, some of them had extramarital affairs. The surgery was successful in most of the cases, but were the patients happy with the results? This was not the case in the movies. In only one movie, '200 Pounds Beauty', the patient became happy; rest of them were eminently unhappy with the outcome. Why the discrepancy? It is difficult to analyze the minds of the people in the films, but considering that the majority of the characters in the films were rather unsavory, one may deduce that a crooked mind functions differently. Perhaps it is too much to hope for a day that will come when we will see a film that portrays the mental anguish that accompanies each and every procedure the Korean plastic surgeons make.