• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.116-136
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• 1992

Architectural essence of John Ruskin's discourse can resolve itself into natural beauty, craftmanship, and truth in structure, surface, and process. His theories became disciplines of modern English school, Art and Craft and Free architecture, in aspects of organic architecture, morality, and rationality. These concepts disseminated continental Art Nouveau and also became it's basic principles. But his empirical theories hated use of machine, and should find a ideal model in medieval romanticism of Gothic. Anti-machine, as a instictive guideline of English modern architecture, couldn't cope with the industrialization of 20th century, and Gothic revival interfered with creating a new style. Muthesius' discourses were taught by the power of group movements and modern concept of form in English school, originally by Ruskin. But he accepted the potentiality of machine and mass production, and stressed creating the new German style suitable with machine. With the progress of Deutscher Werkbund, his theories were advanced to 'quality' connected with craftmanship, to discourse on mechanical 'form', and lastly to 'standardization and type' for mass production. Mechanical functionalism of Muthesius and DWB were sophiscated and handed down to Bauhaus, and then finally helped establishment of the Modern Architecture and Internationalism. Both English and German modern architecture owed their contribution as well as limitation to Ruskin and Muthesius as theorists. Through this comparative study, we can see the priority of theory to practice, the theoretical justification based on insight for its society and future, and the practical character of theory itself.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.47-64
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• 2010

This study was to define the factors of inspiration and expression methods of Viktor & Rolf known for distinctive works in order to find the ways of creative fashion designing. For the research method, the literature reviews were done by designer's books, collection reviews, and related articles. To find the ideas of design inspiration, interview data with Viktor & Rolf were used. The results of this study were as follows. Their conceptional attitude and the fashion shows like performance indicated that the designer's introspection became the origin of the concept and the ideas expanded the fields of expression. The expression of surrealistic fantasy was done by free imagination and daydreams, which was appeared as fantastical world beyond the everyday life. The expression of paradox and contrast overcame stereotype views with inversion, paradox, and ironical expression. The distortion of shape and the extreme exaggeration by overlap and repetition had a intention that magnity the miserable self-images on purpose, which had started from the debut and appeared ever after on collections and which sought the practicality, infinity exceeding the standard of ideal beauty. The harmony between classicism and avant-guard originated from the insights of tradition demonstrated the wits of designers showing the unique ideas with the base of classics.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.158-175
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• 2010

Culture means a lifestyle realizing a definite object or ideal. Each local special culture is enormous in value as a local culture inheritance. If it is developed a local culture products representing local culture, it can perform an important role on one of the strategies for revitalizing local economy. One of the typical cultures in Kyung-Nam is the Gaya culture. The most characteristic of the Gaya culture is powerful iron culture and lots of cultural properties have been founding as relics. Judging from a lot of iron relics, we can figure out a high level of iron manufacturing technology. I studied focussing on the plasticity of Gaya relics and collected base materials for developing local cultural goods, using the motif of Gaya culture with excellent aesthetic consciousness. I classfied Gaya relics into a crown style, jewelry, harnessry, weapons, armor, earthenware, and considered its characteristic of the plastic arts, based on the preceding studies and document data. There exists natural, moderate, polished, indigenous, simple, rhythmical, delicate, florid, technical, symbolical, strong, diverse, naive beauty in the plastic characteristic of Gaya relics. Gaya culture with the special excellence of aesthetic resources, is worthy enough to be recreated as local cultural goods. Variable and special cultural fashion-products with the distinctive feature of Gaya culture need to be developed without delay.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2015

This study is a review on the relationship between furniture purchasers and producers in the Joseon period. Understanding the relationships in our traditional spirit and the Joseon furniture that reflects a aesthetic sense is a meaningful work. Joseon was to build an ideal country which put emphasis on the order and harmony through Theory of 'Yeak' as the confucianism nation. Human aesthetics, which emphasis on the spiritual value by confirmity to nature and forcus on the relaxed, deficient personality rather than completeness was established as the central formative consciousness of the Joseon Dynasty. The nature of things in the confucian scholar prior to the representations of things is expressed in the form of master craftsman's skill and soul. Formative consciousness of the confucian scholar is to realize ideals by communciation and interchange with master craftsman's soul in the form of the Joseon furniture. The beauty of restraint and brevity in the Joseon Dynasty furniture includes meanings and procedures of art work. It implies an orderer's purpose of production and a producer's products. Understanding the spirit of times in the production becomes the cornerstone capable of getting closer to the furniture ultimate proper function. These problems have a very close relationship with the problems of modern people's commnuication. We expect an even higher growth of the furniture by achieving more improved communication based on the consumer's great insight and the producer's passion.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to help understanding of fashion trend since 2000 years, to play a guideline's role in the development on fashion designs study. The methods of this study are the study of academic literatures as well as practical study through expert investigation and analysis of case studies about actual works. Fashion trends since 2000 years are summarized classic, sporty, elegance, ethnic, natural, romantic, vintage, futurism by expert investigation and analysis of case studies about actual works. Image of fashion trends are abstracted that Classic image is harmony, moderation, accuracy, completeness, neatness, manish from keep an archetype to eliminate additional things, Sporty image is daily, active, enjoyment by the pursuit of a movement and freedom, Elegance image is feminine, grace from the tender moderated and feminity, Ethnic image is folkway, handicraft, vernacular to keep national character, local folkways and traditional ways. Natural image is nature, peaceful, purity, pastoral to the exclusion of artificiality and revert to natural, Romantic image is sensibility, fantastic, ornament, splendid from facing ideal world getting out of the reality, Vintage image is cozy, old, disorder, faden, freedom by expressing the flow of time and the mature beauty, Futurism image is future, experimental, avant-garde, man-made from positive perspective on future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 1993

The Russian revolution and the successive "art into production" atmosphere provided a unique model of a strict inter-relation between social process and innovative process in the taste. Influenced by CUBISM, RAYONISM and SUPREMATISM emerged in Russia around the time of Russian revolution and gave way to CONSTRUCTIVISM, based on Tatlin's theory, which played a vital role to combine art with social committment. One of the first question to be established after the revolution was the function of art within the new society. First, it should be propagandistic and empahsise the benefit of the new state. Secondly, art could take on an affirmatory role putting foward ideal views of the society as example to be disscussed and followed. Thirdly, the Constructivists' view, "Death to Art" was their slogan. Their view was that the artists' work in the new society was to be based on the material value and beauty in fuction as this alone could be consistent with the aesthetics of Marx and Lenin. It sould be pointed out that among the various applied arts, textiles and clothing design were considered one of the most important role in propaganda and in support of the new socialst ideas. Traditionl handicrafts provided a repository of popular images and folk art continued to assert an influence on the textiles and clothing design after the revolution. Constructivists, such as Stepanova and Popova, went to the factory as direct answer to the invitation for the art-industry rapport. Thematic or propagandistic designs were directly connected to the daily life and national transformation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2 s.55
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• pp.300-313
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• 2005

Hybrid trend of the 21st century is an important basis to express fashion Alexander McQueen is a representative designer of Hybrid trend which combines heterogeneous elements into oneconcept. Accordingly, this study distributed and analyzed Hybrid trend which was in Alexander McQueen's work like below. First, there was a racial Hybrid trend which combined different local culture in shared space of the world in his fashion work and he challenged to Westernized ideal beauty with new recognition and knowledge about beside countries of Western Europe which were considered as not important culture due to perceiving relative value of a pluralist society and created new way aesthetic consciousness. Second, he expressed a historical character of a combination of tradition and modern by his fashion work based on wide historical knowledge of a dress. He created a new line in contrast to the past with a perfect design through combination of the style from the tradition with the parody and displayed his own design world. Third, he treated instability and disorder from the interior essential dissolution, thus he had a cultural character which broke down the boundary of cultural genre and style. This attitude showed transformation of constructivism and deconstruction view, secession and distortion, mixture, duplication, secession and insert by his fashion work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.562-578
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• 2019

Fashion in modern society reflects contemporary times as well as plays an important role in understanding the relationship with various objects and socio-cultural phenomena. Fashion is also based on the idea that is accepted as suitable under contemporary judgement that forms an aesthetic notion of beauty and creates infinite ideal and fantasy. There is a need to see fashion from a broad approach within the socio-cultural concept. Fashion Thinking, based on diversified research on social roles and fashion value has been widely used in other industrial fields; consequently, this study examines phenomena that appears in the automobile industry. This study helps reveal the implied influence of Fashion Thinking toward other industries and socio-cultural aspects, by deriving characteristics and value of Fashion Thinking through an analysis of the applied cases of Fashion Thinking in the automobile industry. The result of this study has a practical meaning that lays the foundation for understanding Fashion Thinking for innovative creative management and utilizing it effectively in other industrial fields such as the automobile industry.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-20
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• 2012

This study aims to define the influences of an individual's talent types and body consciousness factors on high((intense)-level appearance management behavior in 367 adults(female 172 and male 195). The present study is the first to consider both human talent type and the body consciousness on the high level-appearance management behavior correlates to appearance management behaviour. According to the result of the analysis, plastic surgery on body forms or faces are done by few people. However, straightening teeth, ear piercing, removal of spots or imperfections, and eyebrow tattoos are conducted by many consumers without much resistance. It is rather widely accepted, despite the fact that it can cause pain, discomfort, and side-effects. Furthermore, although excessive acts such as muscle training, dieting, weight managing, and oriental treatments can lead to side-effects, the standardized efficient beta value turned out to be high for these treatments. Thus, this study suggests that both the interpersonal talent among 8 talent factors and 2 body consciousness factors contributes to the reinforcement of the self-identity through high level-appearance management behaviors, but except risky plastic surgery. Therefore, this study supports the previous researches that body consciousness composed of self-source, which is desires and efforts to achieve the ideal body, and external-source, which is the internalization of other people's feedbacks.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2023

This study examined the importance of screening for changing bodybuilding and fitness category. The screening criteria for bodybuilding, the background and reason for the creation of new bodybuilding and fitness items, the screening criteria for new items, and the use of drugs were described. The current bodybuilding gives high marks to excessive muscles and excessive diet conditions, and new bodybuilding category have been newly established in line with the recent global trend of pursuing natural beauty over abnormally excessive muscles, and the screening criteria also prioritize the balance of ideal and overall muscles to fit your height and weight. In addition, fitness events such as physique and bikini are gaining popularity with the establishment because they focus on not excessive muscles and natural elements of the body that ordinary people can challenge. Since athletes as well as ordinary people are using drugs to increase muscles and suffer side effects, IFBB(International Federation of BodyBuilding) and KBBF(Korea Body Building Federation) should consider and improve the current bodybuilding screening standards that avoid excessive muscles, and it is believed that bodybuilding and fitness events will develop only when strict punishment and continuous anti-doping education are carried out.