• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

This paper presents a text-driven discourse analysis system, called DPAS. DPAS constructs a discourse structure by weaving together clauses in the text by finding discourse relations between a clause and the clauses in a context. The basic processing model of DPAS is based on the stack based model of discourse analysis suggested by Grosz and Sidner. We extend the model with dynamic programming method to handle various discourse ambiguities effectively and efficiently. We develop the idea of a context space to keep all information of a context. DPAS parses a text by considering all possible discourse relations between a clause and a context. Since different discourse relations may result in different states of a context, DPAS maintains multiple context spaces for an ambiguous text. Since maintaining all interpretations until the whole text is processed requires too much computing resources, DPAS uses the idea of depth-limited search to limit the search space. If there is more than one discourse relation between an input clause and a context, DPAS constructs context spaces one context space for each discourse relation. Then, DPAS applies heuristics to choose the most desirable context space after it processes some more input clauses. Since the basic idea of DPAS is domain independent, although we used descriptive texts to demonstrate DPAS, we believe the idea of DPAS can be extended to understand other styles of texts.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 1999

Although in art an idea which visualizes a certain concept is generally such an essential part as it would be decisive to the success or failure of an art work in reality various difficulties are involved in idea making. Thus, directions for the idea making for visualization works are suggested in this paper. This paper classifies several cases of expression skills among non-abstracts showing the contents which visualize abstract concepts in western art after Renaissance when freedom of individual artistic expression and personal characteristics initiated. Also, this paper selects and introduces art works in which expression skills can be obviously explained. The expression skills are divided into symbolizing, allegory, specific pattern, non-abstract skills of surrealism, metaphysical distortion of logic and situation fixing, and specific examples on how the abstract concepts are formed and delivered are described. This is a case study done for the purpose of supplying help for the idea making in the applied art field which is lack of this kind of study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2000

According to the learning situation, the industrial design request is to diagrammatic creativity. The question of this study is to discover how to develop creative idea. The purpose of this study is to provide standardization-training program that could develop students'creative idea at Design College. For this purpose, we tested college students, who was divided into experimental group applied the training program and control group without it. And standardization creativity paper was used for the result to verify. The model of this study was selected 2 universities and 3 technical colleges with 352 persons in ail. The three hypotheses are made to achieve the direction of this study - training effective and different of an educational system, creativity effect. As the result of this study, the use of a training program has an affirmative in fluency (the creative idea) on the diagrammatic creative, and result of the goodness on the training effect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.50-62
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• 2002

From modernism to post-modernism, the practice in the design field often reduced the complexity of environment and to remove variety. However, contemporary ideas of space have been changed. The current thought premise is that the environment is mutable and is evolving according to inner and outer forces and elements. Therefore, leading designers recognize that the environment is complex in itself while anticipating a new theory explaining on-going trends. The idea of fold formulated by Gilles Deleuze can provide a theoretical base for new environmental design in constrat to current design practices. The fold is a hybrid by accommodating complex relations within an object. It carries a dynamic world view through continual process and yields a topological space against absolute space like Euclid geometry. The characteristics of the fold can be paraphrased as rhizome, stratification and smooth space. Rhizome forms a non-hierarchial connection like networking in internet space. Stratification is a kind of superimposition of autonomous potential layers within a single object. Smooth space is a free space and event oriented space keeping non-linear form. This study tried to incorporate the idea of fold to environmental design methods and design process in order to make space which can correspond with complex environment and topological form. In the design process adapted to fold theory, rhizome analysis accepts the complexity of environment and stratification strategy embraces the possibility of accidental use. As a result, the designed park carries a monadic image and produces an ambiguous space. Lastly, smooth space makes topological space unlike Euclid geometry and is free space comosed by the user themselves. Transporting the idea of fold into environmental design could be an alterative way for indeterminate and flexible design to accept new identity of place. Therefore, this study accepts the concept of incidental morphogenesis to make space based on the complexity of environment. The designed space based on the idea of fold searches to create free event space determined by user rather than designated by designer.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.30-37
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• 2013

Idea creation is the most important step in the overall value engineering (VE) process. Usually the activity is done mostly relying on the experience and knowledge of the experts in the VE team. A more organized approach is needed to find the chance of design improvement during a VE workshop. This study presents an organized approach to increasing the chance of idea creation during the VE workshop. The concept of conflict resolution in TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is applied to understand the problem area during design improvement. The technical parameters were identified in the problem area to explain the conflicts in design improvement. These technical parameters were used to assist problem solving and improve design functions. A case study was done on a temporary construction operation, and demonstrated that the organized idea creation can help improve the design value of the temporary construction operation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.71-90
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• 2010

The names of Seokgatab and Dabotab are almost generalized among the people along with Bulguksa the most well-known temple in Korea. But, despite this generalized situation, the names of Seokgatab and Dabotab have not secured the clear standpoint till now. It is because the names of Seokgatab and Dabotab can be found only in the 18C documents like and . More complicatedly, in the record of the Goryeo sarira case found during the dismantling of Seokgatab, the name of Seokgatab was 'Mugujeonggwangtab' or 'Seoseoktab'. This paper is to secure the nominal validity of Seokgatab and Dabotab to remove the confusion due to their names and to raise the efficiency of studies related with Bulguksa in the future. First, their names and the problems related with them were summarized in Chapter 2. Based on this critical consciousness, Chapter 3 deals with the tragedy of Asadal related with the creation of the stone pagodas and its symbolic re-interpretation. In this process, we can see that there could be a viewpoint of the great comprehension in them through the completion of 'the Buddhist Nation'. Then, the architectural features of Seokgatab and Dabotab were analyzed in the ritual view point of . Finally, in Chapter 4, on the basis that the viewpoint of one specific sect can not be predominantly applied in the construction of Buddhist land, it is held that Avatamsaka Idea and Saddharma-pundarika Idea can coexist without any conflict. It is shown in the fact that Seokgatab and Dabotab can make harmony together in the Avatamsaka Idea while keeping their names. With these efforts, we can clearly see that the peculiar titles of Seokgatab and Dabotab can be said to secure sufficient validity.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2008

The main characteristic of 'Idea of Uimul(宜物思想)' lies in specifically laying down rules on the subject of thought, and creating correlated measures and ways based on those grounds. Thus, 'Ui(宜)' emphasizes the pertinence of the measures and ways. By making a detailed analysis, the importance of 'Mul(物)', the subject of thought, the perception of it, the human reaction to it, and the specific principle of the action, can be seen. Ancient Chinese considered Heaven and Earth the largest frame of perception, and perceived all things through it. Heaven and Earth was differentiated from 'Gi'(氣), and the Gi of Heaven and the Gi of Earth interacted with one another in endless motion. "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" considered nature and all things in it through this ideology of 'Correspondence between Heaven and Humanity(天人相應)'. It considered humans to be born from the Gi of Heaven and Earth and to associate with one another under the influence of the Gi of Heaven and Earth. Therefore, in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)", the ideology of 'Correspondence between Heaven and Humanity(天人相應)' is the fundamental frame of Idea of Uimul(宜物思想). On the other hand, the Ui(宜) in Idea of Uimul(宜物思想) indicates the pertinent measures and ways towards a subject, that is, humans acting appropriately according to the laws of Heaven and Earth inside the ideology of 'Correspondence between Heaven and Humanity(天人相應)'. Humans are affected by nature and adapt to it, but they also recognize the laws of nature and strive to wholly protect the human life by versatilely taking adequate measures against the numerous changes of nature.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to observe, to analyze of the preservice teachers' naive theories about the change of season. And it is to find a instruction strategy which can solve problem about this. The general idea about the change of season is observed by the 3 methods which are simply explaining with words, explaining with pictures and models. The author is to find the similarity. difference and relationship which the preservice teachers have about the general idea about the change of season. The important changable primary factors, which can effect to the general Idea formation, are naturally dragged out through the observation of preservice teachers participation. For this study, 4 first year preservice teachers of one of national university of education are used. Before the interview. the author tries to form rapport with the preservice teachers. Experiment materials, pencil. paper, camcorder, digital recorder and interview note were used for the study with reflection of them just way they are. As the result of the interview. all of 4 preservice teachers had not being understand the concept about the change of season and the three ways of explanation methods were not matched each other, so it is revealed that the general Idea of the change of season, which the preservice teachers have, is not strongly formed. In spite of the repeated study of the change of season from elementary school to university, it has many problem about recognition of the general idea about the change of season which pre-elementary teachers have. Therefore it is needed to improve the experiment in elementary science text book and naive theories by the activity which is explaining the change of season in three dimension space. to prevent the naive theories which the preservice teachers may have.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.367-379
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• 2016

Although the importance of creative thinking is rapidly increasing in the new century, the generation of creative ideas and its application in the construction industry have been considered relatively difficult. Thus there have been a few studies on the subject that how to apply creative thinking tools with empirical evidence in the construction industry. Value engineering(VE) has been widely applied in the design phase of construction projects due to the government regulation, Brainstorming has been the most prevalent idea generation techniques in the VE activities during the past several decades. Contrary to popular belief, the performance of brainstorming is not so good. It is known as the brainstorming myth. This paper proposes the business creativity codes(BCC) as an alternative idea generation tool in the design phase VE of construction projects. In order to examine the effectiveness of the BCC, 50 successful field cases awarded in the design VE competition of government agency are used. The result shows that the BCC can be used as an effective idea generation tool in the design phase VE construction projects.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-107
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• 2014

In computer-mediated idea generation where contributions can be anonymous, the ability to accurately monitor performances is limited, inducing social loafing. Prior research has suggested that social loafing is likely an important factor in reducing task performance. Researchers have theorized that loafing could be minimized if clear performance feedback is provided. Our prior study evidences a substantial performance gain by the provision of real time performance information about who is contributing and who is not. However, our prior study incorporated the quantity feedback only to create a larger pool of ideas based on the long-standing assumption (i.e., quantity breeds quality), not considering the quality feedback. As a result, taking advantage of anonymity in the form of pseudonymity, individuals in almost all groups exhibited a tendency of self-presentation by capitalizing on ideas of which quality was low and even frivolous (i.e., junk comments) toward the later stages of the session. Thus, we have learned that the quantity performance feedback alone does not have enough restrictiveness to consistently control the performance behavior throughout the session. Since a process chart allows participants to monitor process variation by comparing new performance data to past performance data, we incorporated real-time visual process performance feedback to reveal performance histories by connecting the sequence of idea quality scores in a time-series format. Using this environment, a laboratory experiment was conducted with five-member groups that examined the influence of both identifiability (i.e., anonymity versus pseudonymity) and process performance feedback (i.e., yes or no) in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. The result showed that groups in the process performance feedback treatment outperformed groups in the no feedback treatment. Additionally, process performance feedback and identifiability interacted such that groups in the process performance feedback/pseudonymity treatment had the highest performance. The implications of these findings for future research, as well as the implications for the design of group idea generation procedures are discussed.