• Trans-
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• v.13
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• pp.35-58
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• 2022

This study predicts the paradigm shift that the development of artificial intelligence technology will bring to the production of music content, and suggests that works created through collaboration between artificial intelligence and humans can have artistic value as finished products. Anyone can easily produce music content using artificial intelligence composition programs, and it has become an opportunity to inspire artists with various attempts and creative ideas. Although artificial intelligence technology provides convenience in human life and benefits a lot in the efficient aspect of work, it is difficult to escape the perception of data-based pattern music in the art field so far. Pattern music with many quantitative elements is not recognized as a complete creation due to the absence of abstract symbolism or meaning pursued by art. However, it predicts that if qualitative elements such as emotions and creativity are given to artificial intelligence music through human collaboration, it can be recognized as a complete work of art. The development of artificial intelligence technology increases access to culture and art from the public, and it can be expected that anyone can enjoy it as well as aesthetic experiences. In addition, various contents can be produced by improving individual digital literacy, and it is an opportunity to share and communicate with others. As such, artificial intelligence technology serves as a medium connecting the public with culture and art, and is narrowing the gap between humans and technology through art activities. Along with this cultural phenomenon, we predict the possibility of research on the production of artificial intelligence music contents with artistic value and the development of various convergence and complex art contents using artificial intelligence technology in the future.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.492-499
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• 2022

This study experimentally investigates the effect of dimensionality reduction of vibration signal on fault diagnosis of a marine engine. By using the principal component analysis, a vibration signal having the dimension of 513 is converted into a low-dimensional signal having the dimension of 1 to 15, and the variation in fault diagnosis accuracy according to the dimensionality change is observed. The vibration signal measured from a full-scale marine generator diesel engine is used, and the contribution of the dimension-reduced signal is quantitatively evaluated using two kinds of variable importance analysis algorithms which are the integrated gradients and the feature permutation methods. As a result of experimental data analysis, the accuracy of the fault diagnosis is shown to improve as the number of dimensions used increases, and when the dimension approaches 10, near-perfect fault classification accuracy is achieved. This shows that the dimension of the vibration signal can be considerably reduced without degrading fault diagnosis accuracy. In the variable importance analysis, the dimension-reduced principal components show higher contribution than the conventional statistical features, which supports the effectiveness of the dimension-reduced signals on fault diagnosis.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2020

Recently, with the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution era and the popularization of technologies the maker movement is spreading worldwide in various ways for education, entrepreneurship, and solving social problems. This paper introduces a case of establishing and operating a maker space in Tanzania, East Africa, one of the developing countries. iTEC Tech-shop was established in the first half of 2018 at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania by Innovative Technology and Energy Center (iTEC), and has been operating for nearly two years. With the allocation of empty warehouse space from NM-AIST, physical facilities were established through the purchase and installation of equipment and hand tools. Based on the advice from Idea Factory of Seoul National University and Fab-Lab Seoul, iTEC Tech-shop operational system were established. Through a total of 7 technical workshops, iTEC Tech-shop provided training courses for about 180 local personnel. In addition, the smart Techshop test-bed project was promoted in order to improve the operation level along with securing sustainability of the Techshop. The case of the iTEC Tech-shop could be a useful case for institutions or organizations promoting the maker movement to developing countries.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.238-255
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• 2020

As COVID-19, which occurred at the end of 2019, has become a global pandemic, it has emerged as an unprecedented event that quickly destroys a nation's medical and healthcare system in both developed and developing countries. In the 21st century, most of the civil society that aimed for hyperconnected society is facing a new crisis that has not been experienced so far. Indeed, lack of personal protective equipment, isolation of clustered communities, disruption of medical systems necessary for diagnosis and treatment, and disruption of educational and economic activities due to social isolation are emerging. Since the COVID-19 has occurred, many of the difficulties that have occurred in the past six months indicate the basic infrastructure a society should have particularly in a pandemic. These include personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination and quarantine tools essential for effective response, rapid and precise large-scale diagnosis, medical devices required for patient care, and identification and fast and wide on-line networks that can be used in social isolation. In this first part, we would like to introduce some representative examples of 1) personal protective equipment, 2) prevention of personal and community health, 3) social response through big data and networks within the framework of appropriate technology.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.105-132
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to summarize recent research on new product development (NPD) and to examine the direction of future research on NPD. In recent years, product development has also become more diversified due to the formation and disappearance of new markets, the increasing commoditization of products, and the emergence of new technological infrastructures such as ICT and crowdsourcing. In addition, NPD research is also in a situation where new research is emerging along with the progress of research in related areas, such as open innovation and customer participation. On the other hand, research on NPD has become increasingly fragmented into themes related to NPD as research progresses, making it more difficult to grasp the overall picture of NPD research, although review articles on NPD have been written. Not many review articles have been written in a way that goes beyond the individual themes of NPD research. However, even though it is impossible to look at NPD research as a whole, this study believe that by daring to conduct an exhaustive review of recent NPD research, rather than individual issues, and by understanding the types of discussions that have taken place in recent NPD research, this study can identify areas that require further discussion. Based on the above, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine and organize the topics and issues that have been dealt with in recent NPD research, point out the topics that have not been adequately dealt with in previous research, and indicate the direction of future research. This study found that (1) half of the previous studies this study reviewed dealt with the topic of collaboration in NPD, (2) existing studies on NPD assume that the purpose of NPD is to gain competitive advantage through differentiation, but the formation of the market itself through NPD has not been discussed However, it became clear that there has been no discussion of the formation of the market itself through NPD. While the formation and disappearance of new markets has become a common phenomenon in recent years as the competitive environment changes more and more rapidly, the formation of new markets through NPD may also be discussed as a new research area of NPD. However, the formation of new markets through NPD could be discussed as a new research area of NPD. This study examined the possibility of discussing the formation of new markets through NPD by using market category studies.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.309-326
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• 2020

There often is information asymmetry between start-ups and the investors, which is because start-up companies in the early stages do not have track records. Meanwhile, since the government grants programs go through a fair and the intense competition process, the government grants can provide a more objective information for start-ups in the early stages and perform a signal function that guarantees a company's capabilities and potential. This study confirms the quantitative relationship between government grants and investment attraction by using the hurdler model. We found that, although there is the proportionate relationship between the scale of government grants and that of external funds, more than a certain amount of government grants is required for technology-based start-ups to exceed the stage of attracting their first external funds. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the hurdles structure in the study of signaling theory perspective, as the mechanisms for determining whether or not to attract external funds are different from determining the level of external funds. In addition, differentiated policy support is needed to help early-stage technology start-ups go beyond the threshold of investment attraction-the creation of a 'threshold effect'.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.241-248
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• 2021

Firms have many ways to expand their businesses including M&A. Big companies in online and offline businesses show different ways of expansion with different objectives to expand their digital businesses quickly. Expansions for technical reasons are to acquire technologies they do not have while those for business reasons are M&A for offline companies to have competence in markets by acquiring online companies. Other ways of expansions include spin-off and group participation after investments for startups. Various ways of expansions are chosen because they are optimal choices depending on situations the companies face, and they have different strengths and weaknesses. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of those options for expansion at this stage would be academically valuable, and also practically meaningful in terms of providing insights for companies' decision making in choosing opitions for expansions. M&A of online companies to make multi-channels by offline companies have risks of failing to internalize online companies and have enough synergy effects. Also, spin-off is a relatively less risky way of expansion while the speed of expansion is slower than establishing external startups with some shares of equity and making them as affiliated companies. External startups are good for speed of expansion while there are risks of legal regulations and negative awareness by the public.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has standardized RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power Lossy Network) as a routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), a low power loss network environment. RPL creates a route through an Objective Function (OF) suitable for the service required by LLNs and builds a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG). Existing studies check the residual energy of each node and select a parent with the highest residual energy to build a DODAG, but the energy exhaustion of the parent can not avoid the network disconnection of the children nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes EC-RPL (Enhanced Connectivity-RPL), in which ta node leaves DODAG in advance when the remaining energy of the node falls below the specified energy threshold. The proposed protocol is implemented in Contiki, an open-source IoT operating system, and its performance is evaluated in Cooja simulator, and the number of control messages is compared using Foren6. Experimental results show that EC-RPL has 6.9% lower latency and 5.8% fewer control messages than the existing RPL, and the packet delivery rate is 1.7% higher.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.619-630
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• 2022

The concrete mix design and compressive strength evaluation are used as basic data for the durability of sustainable structures. However, the recent diversification of mixing factors has created difficulties in calculating the correct mixing factor or setting the reference value concrete mixing design. The purpose of this study is to design a predictive model of bidirectional analysis that calculates the mixing elements of ternary concrete using deep learning, one of the artificial intelligence techniques. For the DNN-based predictive model for calculating the concrete mixing factor, performance evaluation and comparison were performed using a total of 8 models with the number of layers and the number of hidden neurons as variables. The combination calculation result was output. As a result of the model's performance evaluation, an average error rate of about 1.423% for the concrete compressive strength factor was achieved. and an average MAPE error of 8.22% for the prediction of the ternary concrete mixing factor was satisfied. Through comparing the performance evaluation for each structure of the DNN model, the DNN5L-2048 model showed the highest performance for all compounding factors. Using the learned DNN model, the prediction of the ternary concrete formulation table with the required compressive strength of 30 and 50 MPa was carried out. The verification process through the expansion of the data set for learning and a comparison between the actual concrete mix table and the DNN model output concrete mix table is necessary.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the vocational rehabilitation evaluation tool for the mentally disabled. Methods : For literature search, the Pubmed database was used, and for the analysis, the development year, evaluation method, number of items, scale, and evaluation items were analyzed. In the analysis method, each evaluation item was divided into four categories: function, internal factor, environment, and mental symptom, and the evaluation elements of each evaluation tool were identified. Results : When searching Pubmed through search terms, 161 documents were retrieved. According to the selection method, Griffiths Work Behavior Scale (GWBS), Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Work Behavior Inventory (WBI), Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) were screened. The evaluation items of all evaluation tools included job-related functional evaluation. According to the purpose of each evaluation tool, internal factors, environment, and mental symptoms were measured. Conclusion : Occupational skills are skills in which various functions such as physical, cognitive, social skills, and coping skills act in a complex way. Therefore, it is necessary to include the four factors analyzed in this study: function, internal factors, environment, and psychiatric symptoms.