• Title/Summary/Keyword: ice-2

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The experimental study for the characteristice of snow removal on the Pavement structure (1) (도로포장구조체의 제설 특성에 관한 실험적 연구(1))

  • 조병환;황정영;태기호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.663-668
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    • 1997
  • In Korea, the temperature of winter seasons are really severe and cause lot's of snow-falling and iceing in the pavements. Several de-iceing mehtod have generally been adopted to melt the ice on the surface of pavement. Therefore, the Study of experimental in the first stage was given to the verification of the icers's effects. First, Contrete and asphalt pavement specimens were made and scattered with a CaC2-deicers. then 3cm and 5cm thickness of artificial snow were prepared on the surface of specimens. It reveals that the early calorification due to de- icers as high as the temperature of laboratory increases within about 10 minutes and last for more then 2 hours and the test of ice-formation on the surface of contrete and asphalt specimen due to snow leads to the similar rate of freezing time about 20 minutes. Second, three kinds of de-icers, such as CaC2 CaC2+Nacl, Cacl Flaket are rested in the snowy highway to check the iceing-resistance. The CaC2 is proved to be the most effective de-icers so far.

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Practical Design of an Artificial Light-Used Plant Factory for Common Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) (인공광 이용형 Common Ice Plant 식물공장의 실용적 설계)

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Ju-Sung;Shin, Jong Hwa;Son, Jung Eek;Cho, Young Yeol
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.371-375
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to get the basic data to practically design an artificial light-used plant factory system for common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) cultivation. The adequate range of light intensity was $120-200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the carbon fixed rates was $0.84nmolCO_2{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. When the planting density, light intensity, and yield were $0.0225m^2$ ($15{\times}15cm$), $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and 1,000 plants per day, the total number of the plants, cultivated area, and total light intensities were estimated as 25,000 plants, $563m^2$, and $140,625{\mu}mol{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. About 153.2kW with 2,785 fluorescent lights (FL) needed for the electric power and the electricity charges was 2.46 million won for one month. At a harvest rate of 1,000 plants per day in closed-type plant factory, the light installation cost, total installation cost, and total production cost were 27.85, 83.56, and 100.27 million won, respectively. The production cost per plant including labor cost was calculated as 370 won, providing that the cultivation period was 25 days and marketable ratio was 80%. Considering the annual total expenses, incomes, and depreciation cost, the sales cost per plant could be estimated around 970 won or higher.

Infrared Study of a Low-mass Star-forming Region L1251B

  • Choi, Yunhee;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Bergin, Edwin A.;Blake, Geoffrey A.;Boogert, A.C. Adwin;Francesco, James Di;Evans, Neal J. II;Pontoppidan, Klaus M.;Sargent, Annelia I.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.56.1-56.1
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    • 2016
  • A low-mass star-forming region, L1251B, is an excellent example of a small and nearby group of protostellar objects. L1251B has been mapped spectroscopically with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. IRS has provided mid-IR emission lines (e.g., [Fe II], [Ne II], and ro-vibrational H2) and absorption features of CO2 and H2O ice in studying the physical state of the ionized gas and the material residing in the circumstellar environments. We will present the distribution of outflows and ice components in L1251B.

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2 - 5 μm Spectroscopy of Red Point Sources in the Galactic Center

  • Jang, DaJeong;An, Deokkeun;Sellgren, Kris;Ramirez, Solange V.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.67.4-67.4
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    • 2019
  • We present preliminary results of our long-term (2009-2017) observing campaign using the NASA IRTF at Mauna Kea, to obtain $2-5{\mu}m$ spectroscopy of ~200 red point sources in the line of sight to the Galactic center. Point sources in our sample were selected from the mid-infrared images of the Spitzer Space telescope, and include candidate massive young stellar objects, which have previously been identified from our Spitzer/IRS spectroscopy. We show high foreground extinction of these sources from deep $3.1{\mu}m$ H2O ice and aliphatic hydrocarbon absorption features, suggesting that they are likely located in the central 300 pc region of the Galactic center. While many sources reveal photospheric $2.3{\mu}m$ gas CO absorption, few of them clearly indicate $3.54{\mu}m$ CH3OH ice absorption, possibly indicating a large dust column density intrinsic to a massive young stellar object.

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Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.