• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2024

Purpose : Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is characterized by a constellation of mental health, physical, and cognitive impairments, and is recognized as a long-term sequela among survivors of intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of this study was to explore the impact of intensive care experience (ICE) on the development of PICS in individuals surviving critical care. Methods : This secondary analysis utilized data derived from a prospective, multicenter cohort study of ICU survivors. The cohort comprised 143 survivors who were enrolled between July and August 2019. The original study's participants completed the Korean version of the ICE questionnaire (K-ICEQ) within one week following discharge from the ICU. Of these, 82 individuals completed the PICS questionnaire (PICSQ) three months subsequent to discharge from hospital. The influence of ICE on the manifestation of PICS was examined through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Result : The R² values of the final model ranged from 0.35 to 0.51, while the Q² values were all greater than 0, indicating adequacy for prediction of PICS. Notable pathways in the relationship between the four ICE dimensions and the three PICS domains included significant associations from 'ICE-awareness of surroundings' to 'PICS-cognitive', from 'ICE-recall of experience' to 'PICS-cognitive', and from 'ICE-frightening experiences' to 'PICS-mental health'. Analysis found no significant moderating effects of age or disease severity on these relationships. Additionally, gender differences were identified in the significant pathways within the model. Conclusion : Adverse ICU experiences may detrimentally impact the cognitive and mental health domains of PICS following discharge. In order to improve long-term outcomes of individuals who survive critical care, it is imperative to develop nursing interventions aimed at enhancing the ICU experience for patients.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.65.3-66
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• 2015

The determination of three dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, source location) of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is very important for space weather forecast. To estimate these parameters, several cone models based on a flat cone or a shallow ice-cream cone with spherical front have been suggested. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology using 33 CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or STEREO-A or B) and as limb CMEs by the other ones. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we find that near full ice-cream cone CMEs (28 events) are dominant over shallow ice-cream cone CMEs (5 events). So we develop a new full ice-cream cone model by assuming that a full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. This model is carried out by the following steps: (1) construct a cone for given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection points with the observed ones. We apply this model to several halo CMEs and compare the results with those from other methods such as a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model and a geometrical triangulation method.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 1989

원유의 발견과 함께 북극의 개발이 활발해저왔고, 지역의 특수한 환경적인 요건으로 인해 시설물의 개발, 설치, 이동, 운용에 많은 어려움을 갖고 있다. 특히 빙산에 의한 극지 해안가의 해저면은 파이고, 손상되고, 변형된다. 북 알라스카의 해저면을 고르지 못하고, 불규칙하게 파이고, 손상된 형태를 보여주고, 특히 빙산의 활동이 활발한 지역과 시기에는 그 손상이 더욱 심하고, 자주 일어난다. 빙산에 의한 해저면의 홈은 빙산 해저 끝이 해저면에 접촉하여 해저 바닥을 파 나갈때 일어나는 현상이다. 빙산의 운동에너지는 해저면을 파 나가는 에너지로 변형되고, 그 힘이 평형하게 될 때까지 빙산의 운동은 계속된다. 빙산에 의한 해저면 손상은 극지 해안가의 해저시설물의 설계, 설치, 운용에 중대한 영향을 끼친다. 그러므로, 해저면 손상의 데이타 분석은 해안의 개발과 시설물의 설치에 큰 도움이 된다. 이 논문에서는 8년간에 걸친 약 십만개가 넘는 데이타를 토대로 알라스카 뷰오포트 해안가의 빙산에 의한 해저면 손상의 통계학적인 연구결과를 보여준다. 또한 각 변수의 최대치와 수심에 따른 변수의 최대 경계선을 추정하였고, 변수들의 상호관계를 연구하였다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.62.1-62.1
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• 2017

In space weather forecast, it is important to determine three-dimensional properties of CMEs. Using 29 limb CMEs, we examine which cone type is close to a CME three-dimensional structure. We find that most CMEs have near full ice-cream cone structure which is a symmetrical circular cone combined with a hemisphere. We develop a full ice-cream cone model based on a new methodology that the full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. By applying this model to 12 SOHO/LASCO halo CMEs, we find that 3D parameters from our method are similar to those from other stereoscopic methods (i.e., a triangulation method and a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model). In addition, we derive CME mean density (${\bar{\rho}_{CME}}={\frac{M_{total}}{V_{cone}}}$) based on the full ice-cream cone structure. For several limb events, we determine CME mass by applying the Solarsoft procedure (e.g., cme_mass.pro) to SOHO/LASCO C3 images. CME volumes are estimated from the full ice-cream cone structure. For the first time, we derive average CME densities as a function of CME height for several CMEs, which are well fitted to power-law functions. We will compare densities (front and average) of geoeffective CMEs and their corresponding ICME ones.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2009

The research are performed to check the characteristics of the ice slurry transport system for the district cooling. The system are installed at the 1st floored building which is as large as the $1204\;m^2$ ($86\;m{\times}14\;m$). Three kinds of heat exchanger are selected, such as, plate, spiral and shell & tube type, to apply to the ice slurry systems. Experiment was done in the two cases. The first case, circulation water flow fixed at the design conditions for the state to change the flow of the supply of ice slurry. The second case, Ice slurry flow fixed at the design conditions for the state to change the flow of circulation water. Both side of Energy balance was calculated. The performance of plate heat exchanger is higher than others and it's enthalpy effectiveness is higher too.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.662-667
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• 2009

The research are performed to check the characteristics of the ice slurry transport system for the district cooling. The system are installed at the 1st floored building which is as large as the $1204\;m^2$ ($86\;m{\times}14\;m$), and the pumping power and branching characteristics are measured by transporting of the ice slurry. The ice slurry transporting pipe is as long as 200 m. For the same cooling load, the higher IPF is, the lower the transporting flow rate and the pumping power are. But when the IPF is higher than 15%, no less decrease of the pumping power does happen. For the branching characteristics, through the branch pipe where the flow resistance is higher, the higher IPF is measured. A little higher IPF is measured at the thermal expansion branch.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2015

Antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins [AF(G)Ps] constitute a group of proteins that lower the freezing but not the melting points of aqueous solutions, enabling polar and north-temperate fish to survive in ice-laden environments. However, little is known about antifreeze activity in temperate fish; such work would extend our knowledge on the functions and evolution of AF(G)Ps. In the present study, we screened for antifreeze activity in temperate fish caught off the coast of Jumunjin ($37.89^{\circ}N$), Gangneung, Korea. Thermal hysteresis (TH) and the ability to inhibit ice recrystallization (IR) in blood, liver, and muscle samples from nine fish were examined to assess antifreeze activity. As the East Sea off the coast of Jumunjin is ice-free year round, we thought it most unlikely that the fish would express antifreeze proteins. Surprisingly, the blood of Pleurogrammus azonus and three types of tissue from Gymnocanthus herzensteini, Zoarces gilli and Kareius bicoloratus exhibited measurable TH values together with the ability to trigger characteristic morphological changes in ice crystals. Blood samples from the three species also evidenced ice recrystallization (IR) inhibition. This implies that AF(G)Ps or other antifreeze-like substances are present in temperate fish even under nonfreezing conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of the functions and origins of antifreeze activity in fish.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47.1-47.1
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• 2016

The determination of three dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, source location) of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) is very important for space weather forecast. To estimate these parameters, several cone models based on a flat cone or a shallow ice-cream cone with spherical front have been suggested. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology using 26 CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or STEREO-A or B) and as limb CMEs by the other ones. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we find that near full ice-cream cone CMEs are dominant over shallow ice-cream cone CMEs. Thus we develop a new full ice-cream cone model by assuming that a full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths. This model is carried out by the following steps: (1) construct a cone for given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection speeds with the observed ones. We apply this model to 12 SOHO halo CMEs and compare the results with those from other stereoscopic methods (a geometrical triangulation method and a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model) based on multi-spacecraft data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.609-610
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• 2009

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2016

This paper provides theoretical and experimental results to verify the crashworthiness of FH32 high-strength steel for arctic marine structures against ice impact. Assuming that side-shell structures of the Korean arctic research vessel, ARAON, with ice-notation PL10, collide with sheet ice, one-third-scale test specimens with a single transverse frame are manufactured. Impact-bending tests were conducted using a rigid steel striker that mimics sheet ice. Drop height was calculated by considering the speed at which sheet ice is rammed. Prior to impact-bending tests, tensile coupon tests were conducted at various temperatures. The impact-bending tests were carried out using test specimens fully fixed to the inside bottom frame of a cold chamber. The drop-weight velocity and test specimen deformation speed were measured using a high-speed camera and digital image correlation analysis (DICA). Numerical simulations were carried out under the same conditions as the impact-bending tests. The simulation results were in agreement with the test results, and strain rate was a key factor for the accuracy of numerical simulations.