• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1732-1739
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• 2016

The general components and cyclitol compounds of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) were analyzed to examine the possibility of using extracts as functional food materials, the antioxidant effects and antidiabetic activities of the extracts by solvent fraction were tested. Among the mineral contents, contents of K and Na were the largest ($1,213.33{\pm}2.52$ and $545.53{\pm}12.01mg/100g$, respectively), followed by S, Ca, P, and Mg in order of precedence. Among cyclitol compounds, content of D-pinitol was the largest ($4.04{\pm}0.08mg/g$) while contents of chiro-inositol and myo-inositol were relatively small ($2.82{\pm}0.01$ and $0.25{\pm}0.01mg/g$, respectively). Among total phenol contents by solvent fraction, contents of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were large ($35.80{\pm}1.33$ and $23.70{\pm}0.62mg\;GAE/g$, respectively). Among antioxidant activity levels examined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and lipid/MA assays, the chloroform fraction commonly showed the highest level of activity while the ethyl acetate fraction showed relatively high levels of activity. The antioxidant activity levels were proportional to total phenol contents by solvent fraction. As for antidiabetic effects, all solvent fractions showed at least 50% ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity levels while the ethyl acetate, butanol, and chloroform fractions showed high levels activity of $90.33{\pm}0.40$, $87.98{\pm}0.16$, and $86.38{\pm}0.51%$, respectively. The ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitory actively levels were in the range of $25.63{\pm}1.45{\sim}60.34{\pm}2.67%$, which was lower than the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity levels, but the inhibitory activity levels by solvent fraction were similar. Given the above study results, ice plant can be utilized as a natural material with antioxidative and antidiabetic functionality.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

To investigate the feasibility of a new concept of storing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in a lined hard rock cavern, and to develop essential technologies for constructing underground LNG storage facilities, a small pilot plant storing liquid nitrogen (LN2) has been constructed at the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM). The LN2 stored in the cavern will subject the host rock around the cavern to very low temperatures, which is expected to cause the development of an ice ring and the change of ground condition around the storage cavern. To investigate and monitor changes in ground conditions at this pilot plant site, geophysical, hydrogeological, and rock mechanical investigations were carried out. In particular, geophysical methods including borehole radar and three-dimensional (3D) resistivity surveys were used to identify and monitor the development of an ice ring, and other possible changes in ground conditions resulting from the very low temperature of LN2 in the storage tank. We acquired 3D resistivity data before and after storing the LN2, and the results were compared. From the 3D images obtained during the three phases of the resistivity monitoring survey, we delineated zones of distinct resistivity changes that are closely related to the storage of LN2. In these results, we observed a decrease in resistivity at the eastern part of the storage cavern. Comparing the hydrogeological data and Joint patterns around the storage cavern, we interpret this change in resistivity to result from changes in the groundwater flow pattern. Freezing of the host rock by the very low temperature of LN2 causes a drastic change in the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater flow patterns in this pilot plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91.2-92
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• 2003

In order to elucidate influence of nutritional status on rice brown spot caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus, rice cultivation soils and rice straws were collected from paddy fields where ice brown spot occurred severely, moderately, a little and none respectively. Rice plant materials were analyzed to measure inorganic nutrients in rice straws and rice seeds. Analysis of chemical properties of rice paddy soil showed that EC and contents of available phosphate, cation and silicic acid in soil with severe infections were lower than those in healthy soil. This result suggests that amount and holding capacity of nutrient contents in soils collected from paddy field with infection of C. miyabeanus are relatively low compared to those in soils collected from healthy paddy field. Analysis of inorganic nutrients in rice straws showed that amount of macronutrient elements such as silicic acids, available phosphate and total nitrogen, and micronutrients such as copper, iron and zinc in rice straws from paddy field with infection were lower than those in healthy soil. Especially amount of iron and silicic acid were very low in rice straws from paddy field soils with infection Amount of inorganic nutrients such as iron and zinc in rice seeds was the same trend as those of rice straws. These results showed that one of major factors affecting rice brown spot was amount of nutrient contents in soil and rice straw.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-344
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• 1989

The relationship between the rates of rice grain shattering caused by typhoon and characteristics considered to be related with grain shattering such as heading date, amount of grain production and ethylene evolution of rice plant grown under the different methods of fertilization was analyzed. The grain shattering rates which was traced by the fallen grains after typhoon 'Dinah' occured in August 28 to 29, 1987, in the plots with nitrogen such as nitrogen alone, NP, NK, NPK, NPK + SiO$_2$ and NPK+compost plot etc. was lower than that in without nitrogen plots such as no fertilizer, compost alone, PK, P and K alone etc. and the amount of ethylene evolved from the leaf blades also showed the same trends. The correlation between the grain shattering rate and grain yield was negative but ethylene evolution was positively correlated with grain shattering rate of rice plant.ice plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.80.1-80
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• 2003

Several plant and microbial genes that could confer disease resistance in transgenic rice plants are being cloned and characterized. We are currently constructing transgenic rice lines that overexpress the gene products, such as a galactinol synthase, a defensin, and a bacterial ACC deaminase. Subtractive hybridization of a rice cDNA library constructed from the Xanthomonas oryzae-infected ice leaves resulted in isolation of many inducible cDNA clones including a elongation factor EF2, a oryzain alpha, a catalase, a aldehyde dehydrogenase, a S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a light-regulated protein, nKY transcription factors, and a nucleotide diphosphate kinase. Some genes among those may be useful genetic sources for construction of disease resistant transgenic rice. Full lengths of the rice OsFIERG and a rice oryzain genomic clones were cloned, and serial deletion fragments of the promoter regions of these genes were fused with GUS reporter gene in pCAMBIA1201, respectively. Promoter activities of these constructs will be examined upon various stresses and Pathogen infections to obtain the pathogen specific inducible-promoter. This work was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2022

Due to increase of interest in 'carbon neutrality', attempts at agricultural use of CO₂ are increasing. In this study, we used the dry-ice made by CO₂ as by-product in thermoelectric power plant on CO₂ fertilization for production of leafy vegetable in greenhouses. The dry-ice was supplied on three leafy vegetable farms (Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng, Aster scaber, and Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) located in Hadong, Gyeongsangnamdo. Two greenhouses were used in each leaf vegetable crops, one greenhouse used as the control (non-treatment), other greenhouse used as supplied CO₂. For CO₂ fertilization, a gas sublimated from dry ice was supplied to the greenhouse using a specially designed prototype supply machine. A. tuberosum greenhouse has no difference of CO₂ concentration between the control, and CO₂ fertilization and shown high CO₂ concentration both greenhouses. However, the CO₂ concentrations in A. scaber and O. stolonifera greenhouses were increased in CO₂ fertilization treatment. The growth of A. scaber and O. stolonifera were increased in CO₂ fertilization, and the yield also increased to 36% and 25% than the control, respectively. As a result of economic analysis, the A. scaber has increase of income rate, however A. tuberosum and O. stolonifera has decreased income rate. Thus, the use of the dry-ice made by CO₂ as by-product in thermoelectric power plant has possibility to increase productivity of the leafy vegetable in greenhouse and have agricultural use value.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.481-488
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• 2017

Under circumstances of rapid disappearing of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge, traditional ethnobotanical knowledge surveys are the major step in documenting useful species with a conservation priority. In the ethnobotanical research, the relevance to the survey intensity, ethnobotanical information and plant species richness is the most important research theme. We made up TEK database in south Korea using metadata which had been published by the Korea National Arboretum. We calculated species richness using species richness estimator like ACE, Chao1, Chao2, ICE, Jack 1, Jack 2, and Bootstrap. Species accumulation curves showed each province sampling efforts appeared to be wide range of variance so that Gangwon province need more sampling efforts, and Chungnam province approached a horizontal asymptote earlier. We found heterogeneous patterns in the rarefaction curves of TEK species between gender for each categories of use (medicinal, food and handicrafts). Comparing with regional floral diversities, it was predicted that more diverse species would be found in some provinces by carrying out additional survey.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2001

IL-18. formerly known as IGIF(interferon -gamma inducing factor), is structurally IL-l related but functionally IL-12 related pro-inflammatory cytokine. The human IL -18(hIL-lS), like IL-$1{\beta}$, is synthesized as a biologically inactive precursor of 24kDa lacking a signal peptide, and then cleaved into an active mature form by cystein protease IL-$1{\beta}$ converting enzyme (ICE: caspase- 1), We tested if the mature hIL -18 can be expressed and secreted into culture medium by transforming the forming gene construct consisting of a mature hIL-18 gene fused to signal peptide of rice amylase lA. Secondly, we were tested if the pro- IL-18 could be processed into a biologically active form by caspase-l like protease in plant. Cell suspension culture was established from the leaf-derived calli of transgenic tobacco plant. Southern and Northern blot analysis indicated the expression of both pro-hIL-18 and mature hIL-18 plant cells. Western blot analysis introduced the protein products of pro- hIL -18 and mhIL -18 were observed in transigenic cell lines. In addition, the molecular size of recombinant pro-hILl-18 and mhIL-18 were estimated to be 24kDa and 18kDa, respectively. ELISA revealed that the amount of pro- hIL -18 was 1.3ug per gram of fresh weight calli. Moreover, the presence of mhIL-18 was detected in the culture medium and it appeared to be 25ug/L.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2001

Green technology is being developed up to a point that is feasible not only in an environmental sense, but also in an economical viewpoint. This paper introduces two case studies that applied $CO_2$ technology into nuclear industry. 1) Nuclear laundry : A laundry machine that uses liquid and supercritical $CO_2$ as a solvent for decontamination of contaminated working dresses in nuclear power plants was developed. The machine consists of a 16 liter reactor, a recovery system with compressors, and storage tanks. All $CO_2$ used in cleaning is fully recovered and reused in next cleaning, resulting in no production of secondary nuclear waste. Decontamination factor is still lower than that in the methods currently used in the plant. Nuclear laundry using $CO_2$ looks promising with technical improvements-surfactants and mechanical agitation. 2) $CO_2$ nozzle decontamination : An adjustable nozzle for controlling the size of dry ice snow was developed. Using the developed nozzle, a surface decontamination device was made. Human oils like fingerprints on glass were easy to remove. Decontamination ability was tested using a contaminated pump-housing surface. About 40 to 80% of radioactivity was removed. This device is effective in surface-decontamination of any electrical devices like detector, controllers which cannot be cleaned in aqueous solution.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.625-636
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• 2011

Cold-adapted bacteria survive in extremely cold temperature conditions and exhibit various mechanisms of adaptation to sustain their regular metabolic functions. These adaptations include several physiological and metabolic changes that assist growth in a myriad of ways. Successfully sensing of the drop in temperature in these bacteria is followed by responses which include changes in the outer cell membrane to changes in the central nucleoid of the cell. Their survival is facilitated through many ways such as synthesis of cryoprotectants, cold acclimation proteins, cold shock proteins, RNA degradosomes, Antifreeze proteins and ice nucleators. Agricultural productivity in cereals and legumes under low temperature is influenced by several cold adopted bacteria including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Pantoea, Rahnella, Rhodococcus and Serratia. They use plant growth promotion mechanisms including production of IAA, HCN, and ACC deaminase, phosphate solublization and biocontrol against plant pathogens such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia and Pythium.