• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.790-798
• /
• 2020

Background: Beneficial effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. Methods: We examined whether pretreatment (daily from 2 hours before PCOS induction) with KRG extract in water (KRGE; 75 and 150 mg/kg/day, p.o.) could exert a favorable effect in a dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rat model. Results: Pretreatment with KRGE significantly inhibited the elevation of body and ovary weights, the increase in number and size of ovarian cysts, and the elevation of serum testosterone and estradiol levels induced by DHEA. Pretreatment with KRGE also inhibited macrophage infiltration and enhanced mRNA expression levels of chemokines [interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in ovaries induced by DHEA. It also prevented the reduction in mRNA expression of growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta (EGF, TGF-β)) related to inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell pathway and stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 pathway. Interestingly, KRGE or representative ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3(s)) inhibited the activity of inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS, cytosolic p-IκB, and nuclear p-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, whereas they increased nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion: These results provide that KRGE could prevent DHEA-induced PCOS via antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, KRGE may be used in preventive and therapeutic strategies for PCOS-like symptoms.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.557-563
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 길경 사포닌 추출물(PGS)를 이용하여 대식세포의 면역조절능력을 평가하였으며, 탐식작용, 항암작용, 항염증 작용에 모두 유의적인 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 농도의존적으로 매우 유의적이게 나타난 PGS의 항암작용 기전을 측정하기 위하여 암세포 독성 물질로 알려진 NO 분비량을 측정하였으며, PGS에 의해 NO의 생성을 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, PGS가 NO 생성 억제제 NIL을 함께 처리하였을 때 항암효과가 나타나지 않게 됨을 재확인함으로써, PGS 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 나타낸 대식세포의 항암효과는 일부 NO 생성 및 분비에 의한 작용 기전임을 보여주었다. PGS의 면역조절작용 중 항염증효과 실험에서는 PGS가 염증환경에서 과도하게 분비된 NO를 다소 억제하는 경향을 보였으나, 항염증조절에서 대표적인 물질로 알려진 TNF-${\alpha}$ 조절에는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. PGS가 염증환경에서의 TNF-${\alpha}$억제조절에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 TNF-${\alpha}$는 항암물질로도 알려져 있으므로 향후 PGS의 항암효과에 대한 연구에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성에 관한 연구는 NO를 매개하는 항암 효과 외에 다른 기전을 설명해줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과들은 PGS가 항암요법의 보조제 및 면역보조제로써의 활용에 개발 가능성이 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2006

Objectives : In this paper, we tested the applicability of shell from Persicae semen in cosmetics through cosmeceutical activities including anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods : Persicae semen, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the cosmeceutical activity measurement of function experiment. Results : In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of EPS (ethanol extract of shell from Persicae semen) showed an effect of 87%. SOD-like activities showed 93% at the 10,000ppm of WPS (water extract of shell from Persicae semen). In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, 1,000ppm of BHA showed an effect of 27%, while EPS showed an effect of 62%. We were able to get an effect of 95% from EPS at 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. In the anti-inflammatory test, the EPS inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. In the case of the EPS, there were no signs of cytotoxicity against raw 264.7 and anti-inflammatory effects could be identified when the manifestation of iNOS was decreased. Conclusion : Therefore, the EPS has potential as an effective raw materials for cosmetic.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities through regulation of Nrf2-mediated genes by Rhei rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza rhizoma combined extract (RGE) in reflux esophagitis.Methods : The antioxidant activity of RGE in vitro was measured in terms of radical scavenging capacity such as DPPH and ABTS. RGE was administered at 350 mg/kg body weight prior to induction of reflux esophagitis. Reflux esophagitis was induced that tied the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in Sprague-Dawley rats.Results : RGE scavenged DPPH and ABTS effectively and IC₅₀of RGE each were 4.9 μg/ml and 45.6 μg/ml. Our results show that RGE administration markedly ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation. In serum and esophagus tissue, RGE significantly suppressed the oxidative stress biomarkers. Reflux esophagitis induced rats exhibited down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins in the esophagus; however, the levels with treatment of RGE were significantly higher than those of vehicle reflux esophagitis rats. RGE treatment caused significant reductions in activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Thus, RGE significantly exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as COX-2 and iNOS and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-αin the esophagus tissue.Conclusions : Reflux esophagitis caused considerable levels of oxidative stress in the esophageal mucosa and the administration of RGE reduced the esophageal mucosa damage through the regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Our findings can considered as supplementary therapy in the prevention or treatment of reflux esophagitis.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The aim of present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR) and Scutellariae Radix EtOH-heated at 200℃ (SR200) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated intestine of mice.Methods : Extract of SR and SR200 were orally administrated. Their effects were compared with vehicletreated LPS and normal groups. Subsequently, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the serum and western blotting in the intestine.Results : The average weight in LPS treated (Vehicle) group was lowered significantly compare to that in non-treated normal group and this weight loss in the vehicle group was effectively prevented by the administration of SR and SR200 respectively. The increased oxidative stress biomarker levels such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the serum was markedly decreased by treated with SR200. The decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) induced by LPS injection were significantly restored by both SR and SR200 treatment. Moreover, increased inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the LPS treated vehicle mice were significantly decreased through down-regulation c-JUN through reduction of oxidative stress.Conclusions : SR and SR200 could have benefit effect through down-regulation of abnormal oxidative stress in LPS induced intestine injury mice. Moreover, The anti-inflammatory activity of SR200 extract was better than SR extract in the LPS induced intestine injury mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 삼채의 조추출물과 유기용매 분획물들을 가지고 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성에 의한 항산화 활성 검색 결과 디클로로메탄($CH_2Cl_2$) 분획물과 에틸아세테이트(EtOAc) 분획물에서 라디칼 소거 활성을 나타냈으며, xanthine oxidase 억제 효과는 DPPH 활성 라디칼 소거 활성에서 제일 뛰어났던 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서, superoxide 소거 활성은 헥산(n-hexane) 분획물에서 활성이 나타났다. RAW 264.7 세포에 lipopolysaccharide로 자극을 주고 삼채 주정 추출물 및 유기용매 분획물들을 처리하여 확인해본 결과, 조추출물과 물 분획물을 제외한 나머지 유기용매 분획물에서 염증유발 인자(NO, $PGE_2$, iNOS, COX-2, IL-6 및 $IL-1{\beta}$) 생성억제 효과가 나타났으며, 그중 디클로로메탄 분획물과 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험 결과 삼채 조추출물과 유기용매 분획물에서 항산화 효과 및 염증 유발 인자의 생성 억제 효과가 나타났으며, 이러한 결과 삼채에서 유효성분 추출을 통한 항산화, 항염증 물질의 연구 또는 예방하거나 치료할 수 있는 염증 억제 성분의 분리 및 그 작용기전 연구에 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이라 생각한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 상지에 배양한 상황버섯 균사체 유래 다당류의 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 분획을 얻었으며, 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 340 nm에서의 흡광도, 단백질, 당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 분획(PF-1, 분획번호 3~15)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 분획(PF-2, 분획번호 24~33)을 얻었다. 분획물 PF-1 및 PF-2의 유용성분 함량으로 총당 함량은 각각 75.51%, 52.38%, 총단백질 함량은 1.63%, 8.41%, uronic acid 함량은 17.53%, 15.04% 및 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 28.33%, 25.04%로 나타났다. PF-1 및 PF-2에 대해 대식세포주에 처리하여 세포생존율을 확인한 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생성량은 PF-1 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서는 nitric oxide 생성량이 $23.11{\mu}M$로 나타나 양성대조군으로 사용된 LPS 100 ng/mL 처리군($30.30{\mu}M$)의 약 76%의 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, cytokine 생성량($TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 무처리군에 비하여 높은 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역 관련 유전자 발현분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6에서 PF-1 분획에서 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역 증강을 목적으로 한 기능성 식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2007

불가사리 추출물을 이용하여 생쥐 비장에 있는 면역세포 활성화 효과에 대해 실험한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 별불가사리 추출물 중에서 B세포와 대식세포를 활성화시키는 성분은 아세톤처리로 추출할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 성분은 농도 의존적으로 생쥐 비장세포의 증식반응을 유도하였으며, IL-6와 $IFN-{\gamma}$의 생산을 유도하였다. 셋째, 이 성분은 B세포의 증식을 유도하였으며, 이 때 면역글로불린 IgM과 IgG의 생산도 유도하였다. 넷째, 이 성분은 대식세포주의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, 또 $TNF-{\alpha}$, GM- CSF와 IL-6의 분비를 유도하였다. 이상의 실험 결과, 본 실험에서 사용한 별불가사리 추출물에는 B세포와 대식세포 같은 면역세포의 증식과 각종 사이토카인을 생산을 유도하여, 면역반응을 조절하는 성분이 포함되어 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 민들레잎을 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체로 발효한 후물과 에탄올로 추출하여 추출용매별 및 발효 전과 발효 후의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 비교 평가하였다. 추출물의 항산화 활성을 탐색하고자 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS를 이용한 라디칼 소거 활성, FRAP을 이용한 총 항산화능을 측정하였다. 또한 RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용하여 NO 생성량, 염증관련 단백질 및 사이토카인의 변화를 측정하였다. 민들레잎을 발효한 후 항산화 활성은 감소하였으나 오히려 항염증 활성은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 발효 민들레잎의 에탄올 추출물은 NO 생성 및 iNOS 단백질 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-6를 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로 항염증 소재로서 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체를 이용한 발효 민들레잎의 에탄올 추출물의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of acupuncture on the liver in the oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation. Sprague-Dawley male($150{\pm}30g$) rats were stabilized for a week and divided into 5 groups which is normal, control, $LR_3$ acupuncture, $BL_{23}$ acupuncture and sham acupuncture group. For three days experimental groups were received oral doses of cadmium 2 mg/kg twice a day. Acupuncture was given bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 mm at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minutes. The liver was shipped off and taken weight at the last day of two weeks, and hepatic functions was confirmed through alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase(AST). We measured reactive oxygen species of serum, liver and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c. $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly increased liver weight and decreased ALT compared to control group. For the oxidative stress, $LR_3$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species, and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species and inflammation-related protein compared to control group. But $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group didn't significantly reduce apoptosis-related protein. Therefore $LR_3$ and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture showed the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, especially $BL_{23}$ acupuncture was more effective than $LR_3$ acupuncture on the protection of liver in the oxidative stress.