• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-135
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• 1999

Typical symptoms of rheumatic disease affect overall daily living and cause severe stress. Individuals afflicted with rheumatic disease have many illness-related stresses. Pain was the predominantly perceived stress followed by limitation in mobility, difficulties in carrying out activities of daily living. helplessness, dependency on others, threat to self-esteem, interference in social activity, interference in family relationships. difficulties performing at work, and discomfort of the treatment. Patients with chronic arthritis are subjected to long periods of continuous stress, which may require the management by the health care provider. In these cases, the purpose of the nursing is helping to promote health through supporting patient's coping. Therefore, for the nursing intervention to be effective, it is critical to build a theoretical framework that describes stress-coping for chronic arthritis. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to present a theoretical framework which describes the stress-coping processes and to empirically test pathos of this framework for the people with chronic arthritis. The foundation upon which this framework is built in the Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain(1983) theory of Modeling and role-Modeling. The subjects were 275 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who visited the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical model of stress-coping was tested by covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 8.12 program. As a result, the overall fit was good(Chi-square=94.49, P=0.00, RMR=0.067, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.93, NFI=0.91) for the hypothetical model. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on coping resources. However, independent variables(basic need satisfaction, internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resource) did not have significantly influence on coping. And then, the hypothetical model was modified by considering both the theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. The revised model had a better fit to the data(Chi-square=83.11(P=0.00), RMR=0.061, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.92). Hypothesis emerged from the revised model was tested. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience and coping resources. Internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources had a significantly influence on coping. According to the results of this dissertation, basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control play a central role in appraisal of illness-related experience and coping resources. And illness related-experience, emotional stress, and coping resources affect on coping activities. In summary, nursing interventions to enhance basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control will decrease illness related experience and emotional stress and increase coping resources. Increased coping resources will prompt coping activities.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-160
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived experience by poor elderly people. The research question was 'What is the structure of the lived experience of life of a poor elderly people.' The sample consisted of 21 single poor elderly persons in Pusan. The unstructured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using the Van Kaam method. This study was 368 responses which yielded of descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The result generated 74 common elements, 18 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 5 identifications of the structural definition. The structural definitions and hypothetical definitions were as follows; 1. physical discomfort ; complaints of severe pain ; dysfunction of physical organs 2. emotional cognition ; despair ; resignation ; attitude toward death 3. support system ; interaction with family ; thinking about God ; economical difficulties ; expectancy of social services ; opinions about health service ; leisure ; interaction with neighborhood ; dissatisfaction due to inadequate environment 4. past reminiscence ; negative reminiscence of one's past ; past regret ; positive reminiscence of one's past 5. desire ; desire of unrealization life ; self satisfaction The significance of this study for nursing are; Comprehension of the lived experience of client and identification' of nursing approach method concerning the lifestyle of client.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and test an explanatory model for sleep disorders in people with cancer. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of a review of previous studies, literature, and sleep models, and 10 latent variables were used to construct a hypothetical model. Methods: Data were collected from April 19 to June 25, 2010, using self-report questionnaires. The sample was 291 outpatients with cancer who visited the oncology cancer center at a university hospital. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS Win 15.0 program for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis and AMOS 7.0 program for covariance structural analysis. Results: It appeared that overall fit index was good as ${\chi}^2/df=1.162$, GFI=.969, AGFI=.944, SRMR=.052, NFI=.881, NNFI=.969, CFI=.980, RMSEA=.024, CN=337 in the modified model. The explanatory power of this model for sleep disorders in people with cancer was 62%. Further, sleep disorders were influenced directly by cancer symptom experience, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and past sleep pattern. Conclusion: Findings suggest that nurses should assess past sleep pattern and consider the development of a comprehensive nursing intervention program to minimize the cancer symptom experience, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and thus, reduce sleep disorders in people with cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-33
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• 2008

The focus of this study is to develop a virtual reality program for safe training and virtual reality of hydrogen station. This programme consists of 4 modules such as hydrogen and safety module, hydrogen station module, hypothetical experience module, and accident scenarios module for hydrogen experts. User can experience with principles and operation condition and collect the information of hydrogen station by this programme and can simultaneously study the probable scenarios, emergency response plan/standard operating procedure about hydrogen stations. It makes it possible to educate and safety publicity for the trainee. This virtual reality program will be expected to be helpful for hydrogen station's construction propagation and technology development which is essential for hydrogen energy induction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.631-642
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to predict the influencing factors and the consequences of near miss in nurses' medication error based upon Salazar & Primomo's ecological system theory. Methods: A convenience sample of 198 nurses was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from July to September 2016. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program. Results: For the fitness of the hypothetical model, the results showed that $x^2$ ($x^2=258.50$, p<.001) was not fit, but standardized $x^2$ ($x^2/df=2.35$) was a good fit for this model. Additionally, absolute fit index RMR=.06, RMSEA=.08, GFI=.86, AGFI=.81 reached the recommended level, but the Incremental fit index TLI=.82, CFI=.85 was not enough to reach to the recommended level. With the path diagram of the hypothetical model, caution (${\beta}=-.29$ p<.001), patient safety culture (${\beta}=-.20$, p=.041), and work load (${\beta}=.18$, p=.037) had a significant effect on the near miss experiences in nurses' medication error, while fatigue (${\beta}=-.06$, p=.575) did not affect it. Moreover, the near miss experience had a significant effect on work productivity (${\beta}=-.25$, p=.001). Conclusion: These results have shown that to decrease the near miss experience by nurses and increase their work productivity in hospital environments would require both personal and organizational effort.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was attempted to explore the paramedic student's experience on simulation education. Methods : Data were collected through in-depth interviews from 15 paramedic students. The study was analyzed by phenomenological method, specifically Colaizzi's method. From the protocol, significant statements were organized into formulated meanings. Results : The formulated meanings were identified 35 themes, 12 theme clusters, and 6 categories. The 6 categories include burden of demonstration, role experience as a paramedic, confidence in field treatment, sense of disjunction caused by difference from real situation, realization and learning by oneself, and sense of stability from hypothetical situation. Conclusion : This study suggested that, even though some negative perceptions were observed, simulation education will fit as a replacement for the field practice of paramedic's students given that more field-like practice environment and repetitive simulation education are present.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.337-361
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• 2014

The main purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the modern thought of love in terms of Dewey's esthetic experience. In the contemporary Korean society, discussions of love are represented in the two tendencies, scientification of love and idealization of love. In actuality, they support the insistence of impossibility of love by the modern sociologists. The former deals with love as chemical reactions in brain, which is based on physiology and biology. The latter regards hypothetical love through the media as the idea of love and displaces concrete love in reality with it. To see love as the subject catching, understanding, and desiring the object depends upon a narrow concept of experience. It comes from the idea that experience is not doing and suffering in a concrete situation but knowing and understanding the object. In this case, the uniqueness and the qualitativeness with each experience of love are ignored. When these traits of a romantic relationship are disregarded, love cannot help but subordinate to the logic of capitalism. This paper, therefore, attempts to find a new way to understand experience of love, focusing on Dewey's concept of aesthetic experience. I suggest that we can expect the possibility of experience of love if love is experienced in a similar way with aesthetic experience based on emotional interaction, and that the very experience of love leads to growth of our personality. Furthermore, I think this communicative experience makes people to change their community as well as each person's private life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.407-418
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• 2005

Some fifty survivors participated in the narrative therapy sessions from March 2003 to December 2004, and thirty cases were analyzed using the transcripts. Each participant's surviving story was summarized, and then interpreted and reinterpreted by the survivors themselves in collaboration with the researcher. The two main principles in narrative analysis were hermeneutical distanciation and hermeneutical circulation. Result and Conclusion: First, nursing involvement should play active roles from the early stages of disaster incidents. Specifically, emergency nursing and flexible coping plans are to be available according to the specific properties of each case. Secondly, it is necessary to try to understand the extreme emotional experiences of disaster survival. The horror and pain people feel at an incident cannot simply be generalized, and it requires that each case be approached individually to help stop social alienation. Thirdly, more constant and long-term studies are required to set up nursing strategies for disaster survivors. Forming a trusting relationship with survivors is basic, and formally registering as participants is necessary for continuous interventions. Fourthly, we should deeply appreciate the danger and complexity of modern society and understand the complex nature of disaster. Fifthly, interdisciplinary activities and studies are necessary in combination with various other fields to establish a framework of total nursing care for disaster incidents. Lastly, it is urgently necessary to educate families and friends of the survivors and the society as a whole about life after a disaster.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

The present paper aims to examine the relationship between the online word of mouth(WOM) contents and the WOM effect and to see how receivers' features such as product knowledge and involvement level influence the WOM received. For that purpose, we categorize WOM contents into two subcategories; product news and personal experience. The WOM effect, in turn, is into the WOM received. Survey questionnaires were given to 268 collegians as to their online WOM activities to purchase MP3 players. SPSS 10.0 package was employed as the method of statistical analysis. We report the following results. First, product news is shown to exert a greater effect on the WOM received than personal experience. Second, their product knowledge plays a moderating role in the relationship between the WOM contents and the WOM received. Finally, it is shown that the factor of involvement level moderates the relationship between the WOM contents and the WOM received. The current paper attempts to develop a hypothetical relationship between WOM information and WOM received and to provide a theoretical foundation for the practical online marketing. We must admit the methodological limitations with respect to subjects and samples. It should be worthwhile, however, to compare online and off-line marketing and to expand the range of research in the current line of thought.