• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1999

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of cholesterol and fiber on liver lipid metabolism in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed diet containing three levels(0%, 5% and 10%) of cellulose and pec-tin respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding period. Net weight gain and feed ef-ficiency ratio were increased in 10% fiber groups as compared to those of 5% fiber groups. Feed intake did not show significancy by fiber kinds and levels. Liver and kidney weights tended to be decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Heart weight was lowered in 10% fiber groups as compared to that of 5% fi-ber groups. Liver triglyceride concentration was significantly increased in pectin groups. Total-free-cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in liver were significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiver. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased by fiber and were decreased in proportion to level of fiber. Phospholipid concentration was significantly decreased in 5% cellulose group. the results indicate that 10% pectin may have beneficial roles in hypercholester-olemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of protein kinds and levels on lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemia rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed on diet containing two levels(7, 20%) of casein and soy protein respectively. The rats were sacrified after 5 weeks of feeding periods. Total lipid content in serum was decreased in proportion to level of protein and soy protein was more effective than casein in lipid-lowering effect. Serum triglyceride content was significantly decreased in proportion to level of protein and did not show significance by protein kind. Serum phospholipid content was more significantly decreased in 20% protein groups than that of 7% protein groups. Total cholesterol content in serum was significantly decreased by protein and were decreased in proportion to level of soy protein. Free cholesterol content did not show significance by protein level. The degree of decrease predominated in soy protein groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol content and RL-cholesterol were increased in proportion to level of protein and effect of soy protein was not more significantly than that of casein. Atherogenic index was significantly decreased in proportion to level of protein and soy protein groups were more effective. Serum LDL-, VLDL-cholesterol contents were more significantly decreased in 20% protein groups than that of 7% protein groups. Serum $\beta$-lipoprotein and chylomicrone-cholesterol contents also showed significantly decrease by soy protein.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2011

The mixture of Ginseng Radix and Crataegi Fructus (Gen-CF) was developed to increase the pharmacological effect of ginseng in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the effects of Gen-CF on serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic rats in vivo, as well as its antioxidant activities in vitro, and explored its clinical effects on patients with hypercholesterolemia. In vitro, Gen-CF displayed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities, and inhibited hemolysis induced by 2,2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, Gen-CF significantly inhibited the increases of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in high cholesterol-diet and Triton WR-1339 models. It also significantly inhibited the decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in these models. In the clinical trial, Gen-CF significantly lowered total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid and phospholipid, with no adverse events, including hepatic or renal toxicity. The data suggest that Gen-CF has the potential to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 1998

The present study was designed to investigate the serum cholesterol lowering effect oj the phytosterol derivative (LPSS) on high cholesterol (HC) diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in male weaning Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were fed with HC diet containing 1 % cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 1 week. After 1 week, the LPSS oil suspension (0.32 g/kg B. W.) was orally administered to the rats fed with either basal diet or HC diet groups for 7 days. In addition, the LPSS powder (0.14%) mixed with basal diet or HC diet was Jed to the rats for 7 days. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were not altered by administration of the LPSS oil suspension with basal diet. However, they were significantly decreased by administration of the LPSS oil suspension with HC diet at day 14. Also, they were significantly decreased by the LPSS powder mixed with basal diet or HC diet at day 9, 11, 14. HDL-cholesterol contents were not altered by the LPSS oil suspension or LPSS powder. These results indicated that the phytosterol derivative(LPSS) might decrease serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.162-166
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• 2001

The effect of petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) and panaxydol extracted from red ginseng on serum cholesterol levels was examined in rats and mice fed on a high cholesterol diet. When 2% cholesterol diet containing PESF (800mg/kg diet) or panaxydol (100mg/kg diet) was fed to mice for two weeks, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the serum were significantly decreased in PESF and panaxydol treated group. Panaxydol (5, 10mg/kg b.w./day) was administered for 3 consecutive days by intraperitoneal injection in rats fed on 1% cholesterol diet. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels of panaxydol administered group (5 mg/kg b.w./day) were decreased by 55%, 33% and 67% compared with those of the control group, respectively. However, a significant increase of serum HDL-cholesterol was observed on panaxydol administered group. Furthermore, hepatic cholestrol levels was significantly decreased in panaxydol administered group. These results suggest that panaxydol could protect hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2001

This study done to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of ow dietary fiber in a high cholesterol diet in aspect of cholesterol absorption and excretion using Sprague Dawley rats. After feeding diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 5% tangerine pulp, sea tangle or prickly pear cactus for four weeks, we measured the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol and triglyceride, fecal neutral sterols and fecal radioactivity after ingestion 14(sup)C-cholesterol. We also examined platelet aggregation and histological change in liver tissues in association of hypercholesterolemia. The liver to body weight ratio was significantly(p<0.01) lower in rats fed prickly pear cactus than in other groups. The levels of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased significantly(p<0.01) in the prickly pear cactus group compared with the control, while there was no difference in the liver levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride among groups. Fecal corprostanol and cholesterol were significantly(p<0.01) higher groups of control and prickly pear cactus compared to the other two groups. Radioisotope excretion after ingestion of 14(sup)C-cholesterol was higher in the control group than in tangerine pulp group or sea tangle group, with the highest in prickly pear group. Radioisotope excretion was the highest during the 2nd and 3rd days in all groups. Hematocrit and platelet aggregation were decreased in all fiber groups compared to the control, but not statistically different. Microscopic examination showed that cholesterol diet cause a fat accumulation in the liver and prickly pear cactus decreased the fat accumulation. Result indicates that prickly pear cactus has hypocholesterolemic effect by decreasing absorption and increasing excretion of cholesterol, thereby protective effect on fatty liver. Control group fed diet containing high cholesterol and low fiber seems to have a self control system in cholesterol absorption and excretion preventing hypercholesterolemia. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 141-149, 2001)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on the blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed free access to either a normal diet (AIN-93 diet), or 1% high-cholesterol diet with or without 0.5% or 1% ECW for 5 weeks. After sacrifice, the rat serum lipid profile was analyzed. The diets containing ECW decreased body weight gains compared to the normal diet. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of ECW-fed groups were significantly increased in the hypercholesterolemic groups and normal groups (P<0.05). When 1% ECW was fed to the normal group, total cholesterol level was increased. Moreover, treatment of ECW in hypercholesterolemic groups yielded a dose-dependent and highly significant decrease in the atherogenic index as compared to the control. These results suggest that intake of Cynanchum wilfordii may help reduce the risks of hypercholesterolemia by increasing blood HDL-cholesterol and lowering the atherogenic index.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

Elevated serum cholesterol is a main risk factor for heart disorders. Most probiotic products administered to lower cholesterol are dairy products which are not suitable for lactose-intolerant individuals. In this study, we assessed the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of LAB isolated from traditionally fermented drinks in diet-induced rats and determine their efficacy in the production of non-dairy, probiotic formulations using papaya juice. LAB were isolated from palm wine and corn beer on MRS agar using a pour-plate technique. Identification was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A hypercholesterolemia model in which diet-induced Wistar albino rats were assigned into four groups was established. Oral gavage was carried out for 30 days. On the 31^st day, the rats were dissected and the serum lipid profile was analyzed using biochemical kits. A 10⁶ cfu/ml of a 24-h-old culture of selected lactobacilli was used to inoculate papaya juice and incubated at 37℃. Microbial and chemical changes were assessed during papaya fermentation and after four weeks of cold storage. Two selected isolates (Pw1 and Cb4) had in vitro cholesterol reduction of > 80%. These two isolates lowered lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c) significantly, and increased HDL-c levels (p < 0.5) in the rat sera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pw1 was 98.86% similar to Limosilactobacillus fermentum, while Cb4 was 99.54% similar to Enteroccocus faecium. Both strains fermented papaya juice with cell viability reaching 8.92 × 10⁸ cfu/ml and 25.3 × 10⁸ cfu/ml respectively, and were still viable after 4 weeks of cold storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1217-1222
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mulberry leaves on lipid metabolism in cho lesterol induced hypercholesterolemia rats. The mulberry treatment group showed decreases of serum lipid concentration compared with hyperlipidemic group. Also, Mulberry leaves inhibited the activity of HMG Co A reductase, increased lipase activity. In histopathological examination, abdominal aorta showed no critical lesions with mulberry leaves treatment. These results suggest that hypolipidemic effects of mulberry leaves on rats were the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. For human, serum triglyceride contents were more significantly decreased with treatment of mulberry leaves powder.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary Platycodon grandiflorum on plasma glucose and lipid metabolism in $KK-A^y$ mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Both plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased by dietary Platycodon grandiflorum feeding for 4 weeks compared to those of control rats, but there were no marked differences in $KK-A^y$ mice. However, for plasma glucose values, Platycodon grandiflorum feeding resulted in a significant decrease in both STZ-induced diabetic rats and $KK-A^y$ mice. Also, dietary Platycodon grandiflorum slightly decreased the postprandial glucose level at 30 and 60 mins during oral glucose tolerance test in $KK-A^y$ mice. Although there was no statistical significance, the fasting plasma insulin levels of Platycodon grandiflorum dieted $KK-A^y$ mice tended to decrease when compared to that of control mice. Therefore, the present results suggested that dietary Platycodon grandiflorum may have a beneficial effect on preventing hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia.