• 멤브레인
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.475-485
• /
• 2022

지속적인 화석연료의 과도한 소비는 지구온난화와 기후환경 위기를 초래하고 있다. 이에 따라 화석연료의 대체 에너지 중 수소에너지가 주목받고 있는데, 수소에너지는 공해물질의 배출이 없고 자원적인 제약이 없다는 장점이 있다. 이에 따라 물의 전기분해를 이용하여 수소를 생산하는 수전해 시스템 및 수소에너지를 연료로 사용하여 전기를 생산하는 연료전지 시스템과 관련된 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수전해 시스템과 연료전지의 핵심 소재 중 하나인 음이온 전도성 이오노머 소재를 대상으로 과량의 수화 상태를 반영하여 3D 이오노머 모델을 제작하였다. 최종적으로 과량의 수화상태에서 이오노머의 구조적인 안정성과 성능 분석을 통해, 수전해 시스템과 연료전지의 핵심 소재인 음이온 전도성 이오노머 설계에 있어서 성능향상 인자를 제시하고자 하였다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 바이오매스로 커피원두를 이용하여 합성한 카본재료에 도전재로 주석을 이용하였다. 주석을 첨가하는 방법에 따라 단순 혼합, 화학적인 방법을 이용하여 혼합체를 만들어 시료를 합성하였다. 시료에 대한 XRD를 이용하여 주석과 탄소가 혼합된 구조를 가지고 있음을 확인하였고 SEM을 통한 합성된 시료구입자크기($12{\sim}85\;{\mu}m$)와 형태를 확인하였다. 충 방전 테스트를 실시하여 15사이클에서 카본블랙을 사용했을 때(105 mAh/g)보다 주석을 화학적으로 혼합을 시킨 시료의 경우(191 mAh/g)가 방전용량이 더 높게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었고, 주석을 단순 혼합을 실시한 경우에서는 카본블랙과 비슷한 용량(131 mAh/g)을 보였다.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 2006

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) promotes R&D that individual private sector enterprises can not undertake by themselves. To do this, it utilizes an extensive network that supports cooperation between industries, universities, and public research organizations. NEDO's government-funded R&D budget for FY2005 totals approximately 148.8 billion yen. Fuel cells and hydrogen technology development project is one of NEDO's emphasizing projects. The budget size was ${\yen}$20.8 billion, corresponding to about 60% of annual expenditure of Japanese government for fuel cells in FY2005. These projects consist of 8 programs as follows.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.526-532
• /
• 2010

The anode may inevitably undergo a number of reduction.oxidation (redox) cycles during solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operation. The re-oxidation of Ni to NiO causes significant mechanical stress to be developed across the anode, which may destroy the integrity of the whole cell. In this study, the redox behavior of Ni-YSZ composite was examined at $800^{\circ}C$ using various characterization techniques.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.523-530
• /
• 2019

For the low-Pt electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs), the optimization of ionomer content for anode catalyst layers was carried out. A commercial catalyst of 20 wt.% Pt/C was used instead of 50 wt.% Pt/C which is commonly used for PEMFCs. The ionomer content varies from 0.6 to 1.2 based on ionomer to carbon ratio (I/C) and the catalyst layer is formed over the electrolyte by the ultrasonic spray process. Evaluation of the prepared MEA in the unit cell showed that the optimal ionomer content of the air electrode was 0.8 on the I/C basis, while the hydrogen electrode was optimal at the relatively high ionomer content of 1.0. In addition, a large difference in cell performance was observed when the ionomer content of the hydrogen electrode was changed. Increasing the ionomer content from 0.6 to 1.0 by I/C in a hydrogen electrode with 0.05 mg/㎠ platinum loading resulted in more than double cell performance improvements on a 0.6 V. Through the analysis of various electrochemical properties in the single cell, it was assumed that the change in ionomer content of the hydrogen electrode affects the water flow between the hydrogen and air electrodes bounded by the membrane in the cell, which affects the overall performance of the cell. A more specific study will be carried out to understand the water flow mechanism in the future, and this study will show that the optimization process of hydrogen electrode can also be a very important cell design variable for the low-Pt and high-performance MEA.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.444-452
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the cathode catalyst of direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cells for space exploration. Various catalysts such as Au, Ag, and Ni were supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Various techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the catalysts. Fuel cell tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the catalysts. Ag/MWCNTs exhibited better catalytic activity than the Ni/MWCNTs and better catalytic selectivity of the Au/MWCNTs. Ag/MWCNTs presented good catalytic activity and selectivity even at an elevated operating temperature. The performance of Ag/MWCNTs was also stable for up to 60 minutes.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2024

Decentralized energy production without greenhouse gas emissions from renewable energy sources despite their advantage and environmental impact suffers from the problem of intermittent and fluctuating supply depending on weather conditions. To overcome this problem, energy storage is essential to enable reliable and continuous supply of the load. Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy storage solutions because it is easily transportable and can be used as fuel or as a raw material for the production of other chemicals.In this article, we will focus on hydrogen energy storage techniques using photovoltaic systems. We will review the different types of hydrogen storage structuresfor several applications, including residential and commercial buildings, as well as industry and transportation (electric vehicles using PEFMC fuel cells).

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2013

In this study, a catalyst slurry was prepared with a Pt/C catalyst, Nafion ionomer solution as a binder, an ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), deionized water and ethanol as a solvent for the application to polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) at high-temperatures. The effect of the IL in the electrode of each design was investigated by performing a cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Electrodes with different IL distributions inside and on the surface of the catalyst electrode were examined. During the CV test, the electrochemical surface area (ESA) obtained for the Pt/C electrode without ILs gradually decreased owing to three mechanisms: Pt dissolution/redeposition, carbon corrosion, and place exchange. As the IL content increased in the electrode, an ESA decrement was observed because ILs leaked from the Nafion polymer in the electrode. In addition, the CVs under conditions simulating leakage of ILs from the electrode and electrolyte were evaluated. When the ILs leaked from the electrode, minor significant changes in the CV were observed. On the other hand, when the leakage of ILs originated from the electrolyte, the CVs showed different features. It was also observed that the ESA decreased significantly. Thus, leakage of ILs from the polymer electrolyte caused a performance loss for the PEFCs by reducing the ESA. As a result, greater entrapment stability of ILs in the polymer matrix is needed to improve electrode performance.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2001

Placing a hydrogen conducting, methanol impermeable metallic barrier like palladium (Pd) is a well-known method for preventing methanol crossover through solid polymer electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Applying a bias potential between the anode and the barrier can further develop this concept so that the hydrogen transfer rate is enhanced. Since hydrogen diffuses in Pd as atomic form while it moves through nafion electrolyte as ion, it has to be reduced or oxidized whenever it passes the interface formed by Pd and the electrolyte. We performed experiments to measure the hydrogen transport through the Pd membrane placed in Nafion electrolyte of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell (PEMFC). Applying a bias potential between the hydrogen electrode of the cell and the Pd membrane facilitated the hydrogen passage through the Pd membrane. The results show that the cell current measured with the Pd membrane placed reached almost 40 % the value measured with the cell without Pd membrane. It was found that the current flown through the bias path is only a few percent of the cell current.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.161-172
• /
• 2014

Hydrogen, which can be produced from abundant and widely distributed renewable energy resources, seems to be a promising candidate for solving the concerns for improving energy security, urban air pollution, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The two primary motivating factors for hydrogen economy are fossil fuel supply limitations and concerns about global warming. But the safety issues associated with hydrogen economy need to be investigated and fully understood before being considered as a future energy source. Limited operating experience with hydrogen energy systems in consumer environments is recognised as a significant barrier to the implementation of hydrogen economy. To prevent unnecessary restrictions on emerging codes, standards and local regulations, safety policies based on real hazards should be developed. This article studies briefly the direct impact-distances from hazard events such as hydrogen release and jet fire, and damage levels from hydrogen gas explosion in a confined space. Based on the direct impact-distances indicated in the accident scenarios and consumer environments in Korea, the safety policies, which are related to hydrogen filling station, hydrogen fuel cell car, portable fuel cell, domestic fuel cells, and hydrogen town, are suggested to implement hydrogen economy. To apply the safety policies and overcome the disadvantages of prescriptive risk management, which is setting guidance in great detail to management well known risk but is not covering unidentified risk, hybrid risk management model is also proposed.