• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl₂(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

본 연구를 위한 실험 장치는 하루에 100톤 규모의 돼지분뇨를 퇴비화와 액비화 하는 방식으로 처리하는 시설에 설치되었다. 액비조의 경우 폭기되는 분뇨의 상층부에 흡입부를 설치하고 기체를 빨아들이는 방식으로 실험용 기체시료를 포집하였다. 포집된 시료는 오존이 존재하는 2 종류의 반응조에 유입된 후 오존과 접촉하는 방식으로 처리되었다. 처리효율 분석은 처리시설 유입부 배관에서 채취한 시료와 오존과 반응한 후 배출되는 배관에서 채취한 시료의 성분함량을 비교하여 결정하였다. 퇴비사의 시료는 교반 후 발생하는 기체를 흡입한 후 액비조에서와 같은 방식으로 처리하고 그 효율을 분석하였다. 오존접촉에 의한 반응효과는 암모니아보다는 황 화합물에서 더 크게 나타났다. 암모니아의 경우 오존접촉 방법에 관계없이 10% 내외의 감소효과를 보였다. 반면에 황 화합물은 오존 처리에 의해 상당량 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 액비화 시설로부터 발생된 시료의 경우, 유입부에서 50.091, 4.9089, 27.8109, 0.4683 ppvs 의 농도를 보였던 $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS가 반응 후 유출부에서는 각각 1.2317, 0.3839, 14.7279 0.3145 ppvs 수준으로 감소하였다. 같은 조건으로 호기적 퇴비화 과정에서 발생한 시료를 처리한 결과 $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS 농도는 40.6682, 1.3675, 24.2458, 0.8289 ppvs에서 3.013, 불검출, 8.8998, 0.3651 ppvs 수준으로 감소하였다. 액비화 시설에서 발생하는 시료에 또 다른 형태의 오존을 적용한 결과 $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS가 43.397, 1.4559, 3.6021, 0.4061 ppvs 농도 수준에서 각각 불검출, 불검출, 불검출, 0.2185 ppvs 수준으로 감소하였다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권25호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2004

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is the authentic record of the historical facts and events taken place throughout the entire period of 472 years(25 generations, 1392~1863)described in a chronological order. The tremendous volume of the records contains the factual events taken place in almost all the fields of the Joseon Dynasty ranging from politics, economy to history of the dynasty. Not only because of its affluent contents but also with the precision of its records, it was designated as the National Treasure No. 151 in1973 by the Korean government and also registered as the Memory of the World by UNESCO in October 1997.This study is to report a exhaustive investigation results on the conservation state of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, especially Mt. Jeongjoksan edition, under the storage of the Kyujanggak in order to obtain the current condition, and thereby to estimate the any deterioration of the waxed volumes in the future. According to results of the investigation, we are going to verify damage causes of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, and to consider scientific conservation methods for the permanent preservation of invaluable cultural heritage. The major problem with the preservation of annals has arisen particularly from the deterioration of the waxed volumes of the Mt. Jeongjoksan edition. In order to provide for the counter measures for this problem, we have conducted twice investigations(first :1998~1999, second : 2003) to the internal and external conditions of waxed volumes(Annals of King Taejo~Annals of King Myeongjong).The result of the investigation has indicated that the paper quality of the some of the waxed volumes (Annals of King Taejong~Annals of King Sejong) is cracked and folded and the pages are imbedded to each other due to the hardened or congealed wax on the paper. Some of the pages are even getting moldy. And in order to detect as to whether“ there has been any deterioration progressed to the waxed books in the modern storage facility of the Kyujanggak equipped with constant temperature and humidity condition, the first investigation(1998~1999) and the second investigation(2003) have recorded the values of acidity, whiteness and moisture rate of the waxed paper, reporting an observation that there has been no difference on the measuring items. This indicates that no virtual deterioration has been progressed so far to the waxed volumes preserved in the Kyujanggak. Also, except for the causes of deterioration to the paper by insects and microorganisms, the major cause for the paper damage seems to the change of moisture of the paper caused from the alteration of the temperature and humidity of the storage environment. With this understanding in mind, we have conducted an environmental investigation on the three selected points of the storage in the aspects of the temperature, humidity, air current, $CO_2$,HCHO, and $SO_2$.It has been observed that the temperature stood at $16.9^{\circ}C~20.2^{\circ}C$ and the humidity was stable between 53%~56% during the period of the investigation. The concentration of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of the storage were very similar to those in the air. These data lead to presume that there is no problem in the aspect of carbon oxidization. But the concentration of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde of the storage were detected a little higher than those of standard. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary to ventilate the internal air of the store room by means of operating air purification devices.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.18-35
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• 2019

한국지역난방공사에서 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리 설비로 부터 발생하는 $45,300m^3$/일의 바이오가스를 연료로 1,500 kW, 2대 규모의 엔진 발전기를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 바이오가스 발전 플랜트의 실제 운영 경험이 미미하고, 축적된 기술 및 노하우 부족으로 가스엔진의 잦은 고장과 정지로 많은 경제적 손실이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 이 발전 플랜트의 안정적인 운영을 위한 기술적 근본 대책 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리장에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 이용한 가스엔진 플랜트의 일련의 공정상의 문제점을 확인하고, 각 단계별 문제점을 최소화 하여 실제 운전의 최적화 방안을 마련하였다. 먼저 고장 정지의 주요 원인인 발생가스의 정제를 위해 현재 사용 중인 활성탄에 대한 성분분석 및 흡착실험을 통해 활성탄의 흡착능력 품질 기준 마련을 위한 여건을 조성하였다. 또한, 불순물을 최소화하기 위한 활성탄의 교체주기의 기준수립, 황화수소 측정주기 강화, 활성탄 국산화, 설비개선 등 바이오플랜트 운영기준 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여 실제운전에 적용하였다. 그 결과 가스엔진 1호기는 530%, 2호기는 250%의 정상운전 가동시간이 증가되는 운영실적을 보였다. 또한 통풍구의 설비개선을 통해 작업공정을 줄이고, 정상 운전시간과 가동률을 높일 수 있었다. 경제적으로도 77,000천원/년의 매출증대 효과를 나타냈다, 이와 같이 운영기준의 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여, 바이오가스 플랜트의 고장 정지를 줄이고 가동률을 높여, 안정적인 운영을 하는 것이 현실적인 바이오가스 플랜트의 최적 운영방안으로 판단된다.