Not only in order to determine reasonable application amounts of PCP in terms of soil texture, but also to get basic data for fish-toxicity-free treatment by estimating fish toxicity, some aspects of PCP adsorption were observed taking various paddy soils with different physico-chemical characteristics in the Choongbook Area as samples. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. There was a positive correlation between PCP adsorption and clay contents, total nitrogen, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, and phosphorus absorption coefficients, respectively; whereas there was a negative one between PCP adsorption and pH. Although they were not significant, it was remarkable that there was a relatively large amount of correlation between PCP adsorption and clay contents, $H^+,\;Mg^{++}$, and CEC, respectively. 2. PCP adsorption in terms of soil texture was in the order of Clay>Loam>Sandy loam. 3. Although PCP adsorption in the $H_2O_2-treated$ soils decreased remarkably, it was not proportional to the humus contents. 4. The order of PCP adsorption in the exchangeable base-treated soils was H^+-exchanged soil>$K^+-soil$>$Na^+-soil$>$Ca^{++}-soil$>Mg^{++}-soil. 5. Langmuir's and Freundlich's adsorption isotherms were applicable to the PCP adsorption, and thereby were able to be calculated maximum adsortion amounts of PCP, bond energy, and the depths of adsorption layers. 6. Maximum adsorbed amounts of PCP were 212.14 mg/100gr in Clayey loam, 97.28 to 121.59mg/100gr in Loam, and 32.92 to 91.74mg/100gr in Sandy loam, respectively. 7. The depths of mixed layers of limiting application for fish-toxicity-free treatment were 0.88cm of the Jinchun soil, the shallowest and 4.29 cm of the Naesan-ri Sandy loam, the deepest.
Mean values and the relative contribution of OM and clay to total CEC for soil textural classes were obtained from the analytical results of the typical profiles(sample size : 3,182) which were described by the detailed soil maps througthout Korea with an exception of Jeju island. The results are below. 1. Mean values of the soil CEC were 2.9 for S, 4.7 for LS, 6.7 for SL, 9.0 for L, 10.2 for SiL, 10.7 for CL, 8.6 for SCL, 12.2 for SiCL, 16.1 for SiC, and 17.4me/100gr for C, respectively. 2. The multiple regression equation and partial regression coefficient tended to show that OM and clay had the highly significant effect on CEC. 3. Clay content of the coarse, moderately coarse, and moderately fine soil was 1.10 to 1.89 times as important as OM content whereas OM of the medium and fine soil 1.09 to 2.94 times as important as clay in predicting CEC. 4. Mean values of CEC of the humus and clay in Korean soils were about 62.9 and 24.0me/100gr, respectively.
Soil and micro-climatic environmental monitoring was conducted to evaluate the factors causing tree growth impediments at the Baekdudaegan ecological axis restoration project site. As a result, it was found that the nutrient supply was insufficient in the restoration project site due to the lack of organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity of the soil compared to the surrounding forest. After the completion of the restoration, the soil moisture in the autumn decreased more than 7 times faster than that of the surrounding forest, and it was evaluated that the soil moisture was significantly low due to the lack of silt and clay content. In the case of the restoration site, the annual potential evapotranspiration was analyzed to be 975mm, which is approximately two times higher than that of the surrounding forest. The soil moisture of the restoration site in the summer decreased rapidly during the daytime when the amount of insolation increased and this was found to be strongly influenced by the increase in potential evapotranspiration. In order to improve the above factors affecting the tree growth at the Baekdudaegan ecological axis restoration project site, it is necessary to induce the smooth supply of nutrients and water to plants by improving physical proprieties and cation exchange capacity, i.e., using litterfall, humus soil, soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. The results of this study are expected to serve as basic data for the design, construction, and management of ecological axis restoration projects in the future.
Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
/
v.10
no.2
/
pp.92-99
/
2002
The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties and evaluation of plant utilization according to the application of compost used with phyllite. At this experiment, the plant cultivation test(lettuce and radish plant) was carried out to know about physico-chemical properties of compost, humus degradarion and stabilization degree, and some effects among rhe treatments were best at 20Mg/ha in PSPC 10(Phyllite, Saw dust, Pig manure Compost) plots and ar 10Mg/ha in PSPC 20 treatments, respectively. The EC value was high in the compost. Therefore the EC was appeared more than 2ds/m at the applied 40Mg/ha with compost. And in case of lettuce, Avail.-$P_2O_5$ and EC were more increased than in the radish plots, highly. In contrast, in case of radish, Toral-N, Total-C, and EC contents were decreased after plant cultivation. That is, it could know that radish was fond of absorprion of nitrogen. Also, BD values of soil physical properties were decreased according to increasing of phyllite addition ratio, however water holding capacity(WHC) was increased. The plant test had not been darnaged through the application of compost used with phyllite in soil and there had not been worse on changing of soil physico-chemical properties. Consequently, phyllite composts have been thought on agricultural utilized possibility.
The Korea Forest Service(KFS) has been initiating restoration activities of ridgeline in damaged and fragmented areas of Baekdudaegan since 2011. Completed project in Ihwaryeong, Yuksimnyeong & Beoljae(2012; 2013) were selected as sites for this study. The changes in microclimate condition, vegetation composition and soil properties between project sites and adjacent stands were compared to evaluate the effect of restoration at early stage(after 2years). Pinus densiflora was planted mainly for these restoration sites, however Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus sibirica invaded the area two years after the restoration activities. Ihwaryeong showed the most changes in understory vegetation among the study sites. Exotic species, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Oenothera odorata, Erigeron annuus, and Coreopsis tinctoria invaded Ihwaryeong, and the dominance have invaded currently. It resulted from the poor survival rate of trees and high difference in microclimate wherein there's an increased temperature and decreased humidity in both restored sites and adjacent stands. In addition, it is also caused by poor soil chemical property, especially pH and organic matter content due to lack of humus layer and its accumulation, compared to adjacent forest soil in restored sites. Significant difference on chemical soil property was observed between restored sites and adjacent forest but no significant difference was observed after two years of restoration. Ecological monitoring is needed to understand the ecological changes after restoration and to establish a long-term management strategy.
To investigate the structure of the forest community of Huibang valley in Sobaeksan National Park, twenty five plots were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by DCA community divided 4 groups. The divided groups are Pinus densiflora community, Q. mongolica -P. densiflora community. Q. mongolica-Stewartia koreana-Carpinus laxiflora community, and Q. mongolica- Acer pseudosieboldianum community. In the analysis by ordination, CCA which points out the relationship among the environmental variables, species and plots indicated primary step of secondary succession. The successional trends of both techniques. seem to be from P. densiflora through Q. mongolica, Q. serrate to C. laxiflora(or S. koreana) in canopy layer below an altitude of 800 meters, and from Rhododendron mucronulaltum. Rh. schlippenbachli. Rhus trichocarpa through Styrax obassia. Lindera obtusiloba to Magnolia sieboldii, Corylus sieboldiana in subtree and shrub layer. The positive correlation between the stand ordination scores .and soil moisture and soil humus were calculated.
Kim Meng Jung;Yook Wan Bang;Lim Yung Chul;Yoon Sei Hyung;Kim Jong Geun;Seo Sung;Lee Sang Moo
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.25
no.1
/
pp.51-56
/
2005
The dung beetle species living in grazing pasture in Korea and their life cycle such as characteristics of habitation and hibernation were investigated for five year. Eleven species belonging to five genera of dung beetles were found in the grazing pasture. They started to appear around the middle of April when grazing begins on pasture. Dung booties kept on laying eggs until the beginning of August and maintained their activity until the end of October. They passed the winter as a form of an imago twenty five to thirty centimeters under the ground. Loamy soil and sandy soil containing plenty of humus were prefered as a hibemaculum by them. Five genera of dung beetles. Aprodius spp, Onthophagus spp., Liatongus spp., Copris spp., Scarabaeus spp. were found and observed in s study. Three species of them like Scarabaeus affinis had more an twenty eight millimeter long body, and the body length of five species like Copris tripartitus were between ten and twenty millimeters. Three species of them like Apodius sublimbatus were had the body length of less than ten millimeters. The results of indoor experiments to study propagation power of dung beetle showed that the optimum temperature for propagation of Copris ochus and Copris tripartitus were between twenty and thirty degrees and the lowest temperature for living of dung beetle was eighteen degrees while e highest temperature being thirty five degrees. A light did not effect the propagation power of dung beetles.
Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
/
v.23
no.2
/
pp.83-93
/
2016
Using a Quaternary sediment sampled from the Gwnahju-cheon various organic carbon analysis have been accomplished. The result helped us to figure out how climate environment has changed through at that time. The analysis outcome, except the analysis of upper section(range of 0 to 50 cm depth), showed that the climate was generally warm and humid at that time. However, even in this result, the climate environment was slight differences, it can be divided into four periods. Period I is from $3,880{\pm}30yr\;BP$ to $3,030{\pm}70yr\;BP$, in which the climate was relatively warm and humid/dry slightly. Period II is from $3,030{\pm}70yr\;BP$ to $2,970{\pm}70yr\;BP$, in which the climate was relatively warmer than period I and the most humid among all period. Period III is from $2,970{\pm}30yr\;BP$ to $2,270{\pm}70yr\;BP$ and refers to the warmest among all periods and also relatively drier/more humid than period I. Period IV which is from $2,270{\pm}70yr\;BP$ to $2,170{\pm}110yr\;BP$ represents the coolest and driest climate compare to other periods, although there is a high possibility of disturbance caused by cultivation activities.
To characterize humus fractions in soil, visible, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of humic acids in alkaline solutions and hymatomelanic acids in ethanol solutions extracted by Stevenson's method from paddy rice soils, peats, and volcanic ash soils were analyzed. The spectra patterns of both fractions in visible and ultraviolet ranges did not have any peak and the absorbance decreased as the wavelength increased. Visible and ultraviolet spectra of the solutions from all the peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soil were very similar each other but absorbances were slowly declined in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils. The infrared spectra of the two solutions appeared in a typical pattern, showing a few broad peaks. The main absorption bands were in the regions of $3400cm^{-1}$ (hydrogen bonded OH), near $2900cm^{-1}$ (aliphatic CH), $1720cm^{-1}$ (C=O of COOH, C=O of carbonyl), $1625cm^{-1}$ (aromatic C-C conjugated with C=O and/or COO-), $1400-1450cm^{-1}$ (CH stretch), $1200-1250cm^{-1}$ (CaO stretch of phenolic OH or OH-deformation of COOH) and $1050cm^{-1}$. The hymatomelanic acid fractions, however, had spectra that were characterized especially by very distinct absorption at $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1720cm^{-1}$, for aliphatic CH and carbonyl stretching vibration respectively in addition to the weaker bands for COO- or aromatic CH vibration at $1625cm^{-1}$, as compared to humic acid. No differences were noted in the general patterns of the spectograms of both fractions extracted. Analyses of the functional groups revealed little differences between peats and paddy soils, although total acidity and the content of carboxyl groups were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils.
This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of pH and electrical conductivity(EC) at each stand and soil depth by the artificial acid rain sprinkling in the upper watershed of Mt. Palgong and furthermore to clarify the relationships between forest soil and water purification function. The results obtained in the experimental sites of Quercus acutissima and Larix leptolepis were summarized as follows ; 1. The average soil pH at each soil layer(0~5cm, 0~10cm, 0~20cm in depth) were 4.8, 4.3 and 4.5 for the Quercus acutissima soil and 5.15, 5.19 and 5.21 for the Larix leptolepis soil. The soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. In addition, the deeper soil depth was, the higher soil pH was. 2. The soil solution pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. It was due to the high soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand itself and the difference of humus layer thickness. 3. It took time to show the pH buffer capacity of forest soil after application of artificial acid rain in the forest soil. The pH value of soil solution in each experimental site was maximum at this time and then did not increase pH value any more. 4. Soil solution EC increased slowly with pH 3.0 treatment, but it decreased slowly with pH 5.0 treatment over time. It was assumed that the amount of the leached cation and the ions leading buffer action changed at the stands with ranges of acidity treatment. 5. From the trend of soil solution EC at each soil depth, it seemed that the water buffer capacity of the forest soil increased as the soil depth increased.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.