• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.357-361
• /
• 2021

In order to determine the changes in microbial community due to termites, soil microorganisms surrounding the termites were investigated. First, bacterial communities from soil with termites collected at Seonamsa temple, Suncheon city, Korea were compared by next-generation sequencing (NGS, Illumina Miseq). The bacterial composition of soil from Daeungjeon without termites and the soil from Josadang, Palsangjeon, and Samjeon with termites were compared. Next, the bacterial composition of these soils was also compared with that of humus soil cultured with termites. A total high-quality sequences of 71,942 and 72,429 reads were identified in Seonamsa temple's soil and humus soil, respectively. The dominant phyla in the collected Seonamsa temple's soil were Proteobacteria (27%), Firmicutes (24%) and Actinobacteria (21%), whereas those in the humus soil were Bacteriodetes (56%) and Proteobacteria (37%). Using a two-dimensional plot to explain the principal coordinate analysis of operational taxonomic unit compositions of the soil samples, it was confirmed that the samples were divided into soil with and without termites, and it was especially confirmed that the Proteobacteria phylum was increased in humus soil with termites than in humus soil without termites.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.392-398
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to understand the dynamics of microbial communities of soil microorganisms, and their distribution and abundance in the indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) manipulated from humus collected from the forest near the crop field. The soil microorganisms originated from humus and artificially cultured microbial-based soil amendments were characterized by molecular and biochemical analyses. The bacterial population (2 × 10⁶~13 × 10⁶ CFU/g sample) was approximately 100-fold abundant than the fungal population (2 × 10⁴~8 × 10⁴ CFU/g sample). The 16S rDNA and ITS sequence analyses showed that the bacterial and fungal communities in humus and IMOs were mainly composed of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, and Trichoderma and Aspergillus species, respectively. Some of the bacterial isolates from the humus and IMOs showed strong inhibitory activity against soil-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These bacteria also showed the siderophore production activity as well as phosphate solubilizing activity, which are requisite traits for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. These results suggest that humus and IMOs could be a useful resource for sustainable agriculture.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 2008

충남 계룡산 북사면 지역의 대표군락인 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토의 화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 비교검토한 결과, 상수리림 부식토의 pH는 $5.3\pm0.4$, 소나무림의 pH는 $4.1\pm0.9$이었으며, 소나무림 부식토 내 탄질율은 $21.76\pm8%$로 상수리림보다 높게 나타났다. 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토 내 총 유기산은 각각 69.57 mM/g dry soil, 153.72 mM/g dry soil로 나타났으며 소나무림 부식토 내 glutamine, pyruvate, succinate, lactic acid 및 acetic acid의 함량이 상수리림 부식토에 비해 약 $1.5\sim4.5$배 높게 나타났다. 상수리림 부식토 내 전세균수는 소나무림 보다 약 16배, 생균수는 약 2배 높게 검출되었다. 각 부식토로부터 직접 DNA를 추출하여 16S rRNA-ARDRA법에 의한 세균군집의 계통학적 특성을 평가한 결과, 상수리림 부식토로부터 분리된 대표 clone은 ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, ${\delta}$-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria 및 Actinobacteria의 7개 계통군이 확인되었고, 소나무림 부식토외 대표 clone은 ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia 그리고 Bacteroidetes의 8개의 계통군이 확인되었다. Shannon-Wiener법에 의해 다양성 지수를 산출한 결과, 소나무림 부식토 내 세균군집의 다양도는 3.63으로 상수리림보다 높게 나타났으며 PCA 분석을 실시한 결과, Clusters I에 속하는 모든 clone은 상수리림 부식토에서 유래된 clone이었으며, Clusters II에 속하는 clone의 67%, Clusters III에 속하는 clone의 63%가 소나무림 부식층 토양으로부터 유래된 clone으로 확인되어 상수리림과 소나무림 부식토내 세균 군집구조는 매우 특징적인 계통학적 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.364-369
• /
• 2005

우리나라 최남단에 위치한 제주도에 가장 많이 분포하고 있는 화산회 밭 토양과 비화산회 밭 토양에 가축분 퇴비를 0, 50, 100, 150 ton/ha 해당량을 시용한 후 토양 부식의 함량 변화를 조사하여 문제점을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 부식의 분포도는 화산회 토양은 대부분 A type이었으며 일부 밭토양에서 B type에 속하여 화산회 토양은 부식화가 진행되었음을 알 수 있었으며 비화산회 밭토양은 대부분 Rp, B type으로 존재하여 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 질산태 질소 함량과 부식함량과의 관계는 화산회 토양은 $R^2=0.5263$, 비화산회 양은 $R^2=0.524$의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 탄소의 함량과 부식 함량과의 관계는 화산회 토양은 $R^2=0.469$, 비화산회 밭 토양은 $R^2=0.550$의 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1983

실험실 조건에서 몇 개의 다른 종류의 토양에 의한 일산화탄소 소모를 측정했다. 시료로는 유기질이 많은 부식토 및 도로변의 토양과 실험에서 이미 사용한 높은 농도의 일산화탄소와 접했던 부식토 및 도로변의 토양을 택했다. 높은 CO농도 조건에서 CO의 소모성을 조사하기 위해서 18.2l 반응용기에서 CO의 농도를 2,000ppm에서 24,000ppm으로 변화시켰다. 토양의 CO 제거는 기체크로마토그래피법으로 측정하였다. 본 실험에서 시행한 조절실험의 결과를 보면 CO를 주로 제거하는 것은 화분용 토양임을 지적하고 있다. 부식토의 CO소모속도는 도로변의 흙에 비하여 월등히 크고, 실험에서 재사용된 부식토는 새로운 부식토에 비하여 약 15% 높은 소모속도를 나타냈다. 대기로부터 CO를 제거하는 토양의 능력은 $9,000{\sim}24,000ppm$의 CO농도 범위에서는 13,000ppm 근처일때 최대치에 도달했다. 스트렙토마이신의 첨가는 토양의 CO제거능력에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하지만, 10%의 소금물은 부식토의 CO제거능력을 현저하게 억제시켰다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2008

This study is the result between the variation of fuel moisture and the risk of forest fire through measuring the change of moisture containing ratio on-site and its average analysis for fallen leaves layer, humus layer, and soil layer in the forest. The measurement was performed on six days from the day after a rainfall. The fuel moisture on-site was measured on the day when the accumulated rainfall was above 5.0mm, and the measurements was 2 times in spring and 1 time in fall. From the pine forest which were distributed around Samcheok and Donghae in Kangwondo, three regions were selected by loose, medium, and dense forest density, and the fuel moisture was measured on fallen leaves layer, humus layer, and soil layer in the forest. for six days from the day after a rainfall. The study showed that the moisture containing ratio converged on 3 - 4 days in spring and fall for fallen leaves layer, and the convergence was made more than six days in spring and fall for the humus layer. In the other case of soil layer, the variation of moisture containing ratio after rainfall was not distinguishable regardless of season.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.258-268
• /
• 1975

유기폐물을 다량으로 배출하는 산업중에서 대표적인 제지·펄프공업, 식품공업을 선택하여 고형유기폐물과 폐수처리오니의 합리적인 자원화 방법으로서 이들물질의 비료적 가치 및 humus원으로서의 개발가치를 중심으로 이들 물질의 물리적 및 화학적 특성을 조사한 결과이다. 제지${\cdot}$펄프공업 유기고형폐물은 비료성분이 적고 lignin 함량이 높아 비료로서 보다는 humus화하여 토양개량제로서 개발하는 것이 합리적이다. 제혁공업 폐수처리오니는 비료로서 효과도 기대되어 산성토양 개량효과도 기대되나 다량으로 함유한 Cr 으로 인해 오염효과가 문제가 된다. 식품공업의 고형 유기폐물 또는 폐수처리오니는 비료로서 또는 미량요소 공급원으로서 가치가 인정되며 수용성 당류의 량이 높거나 C/N율이 20이하로 낮은 물질은 속성 humus화를 위한 첨가 재료로서의 가치도 인정된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop of porous media for water treatment. It was made of porous media which was sinteringed on a comparative low temperature 600$\circ$C, was annexed slag (media-s) and humus soil (media-h) with material, only material kaolinite(media-k). In order to examine the characteristics of physical-chemical were used to sem, x-ray. The results of study are given porous size on media-h which was able to water treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 1997

To examine whether the xylene component of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) mixture is cometabolized and residues are produced in soil, $\^$14/C-labeled-0-xylene was added to sandy loam in combination with unlabeled benzene and toluene. After 4 weeks of incubation in a sealed system connected to an oxygen reservoir, 55.1% of the radiocarbon was converted to $\^$14/CO$\sub$2/, 3.0% was to 95.8% radiocarbon recovery. Biomass incorporation of o-xylene radiocarbon which was detected by fumigation/extraction was usually low (5.6%), but 32.1% radiocarbon became associated with soil humus. Most of the numus-bound radiocarbon was found in humin fraction. In addition to o-xylene, p-xylene and toluene also showed similar results. The evidence shows that some of their reactive methylcatechol biodegradation intermediates attach to the humic metrix in soil in preference to mineralization and biomass incorporation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to classify damaged lands, to find what are the damage factors affecting the studied area, and to present a prescription in order to provide some benefit for the restoration of Regional Ecological Network at Chungnam province. Finally we classified damaged lands from 1st to 4th damaged lands according to relative intensity of damage. The main damage factors for the First Damage Lands were humus horizon, soil hardness and plant species richness. In the Second Damage Lands, those were soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Third Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, soil hardness, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In the Fourth Damage Lands, those were humus horizon, organic matter, soil hardness, EC, T-N content, plant species richness, number of plants and dominant plant species. In every cases, the damage of soil and vegetation was originated due to development carried out by human being. The changes in soil condition were not big enough for it to affect plant growth, however, degradation of vegetation was still severe.