• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2005

A rapid, selective and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of etodolac in human serum was developed, validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of etodolac. Etodolac and internal standard, ibuprofen were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane/isopropanol (95:5, v/v) and analyzed on a Luna C18(2) column with the mobile phase of 1% aqueous acetic acid-acetonitrile (4:6, v/v). Detection wavelength of 227 nm and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were fixed for the study. The assay robustness for the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate was confirmed by $3^3$ factorial design using a fixed etodolac concentration $(1\;{\mu}g/mL)$ with respect to its peak area and retention time. And also, the ruggedness of this method was investigated at three different laboratories using same quality control (QC) samples. This method showed linear response over the concentration range of $0.05-40\;{\mu}g/mL$ with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The lower limit of quantification using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.05 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. The overall accuracy of the quality control samples ranged from 92.00 to 110.00% for etodolac with overall precision (% C.V.) being 1.08-10.11%. The percent recovery for human serum was in the range of 76.73-115.30%. Stability studies showed that etodolac was stable during storage, or during the assay procedure in human serum. The peak area and retention time of etodolac were not significantly affected by the changes of mobile phase pH, organic solvent content, and flow rate under the conditions studied. This method showed good ruggedness (within 15% C.V.) and was successfully used for the analysis of etodolac in human serum samples for the pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered Lodin XL tablet (400 mg as etodolac) at three different laboratories, demonstrating the suitability of the method.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 1998

In order to gain further insight on the relationship between structure and function of glutathione S-transferase (GST), the six active-site mutants, R13T, K44T, Q51A, Q64A, S65A, and D98A, of human GST P1-1 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography on immobilized GSH. The active-site mutants showed marked differences in substrate specificity. The substitution of Gln51 with threonine resulted in a drastic decrease in the specific activities to <10% of the wild-type value. The substitution of Arg13 with threonine resulted in more decreased specific activity toward cumene hydroperoxide and in the $I_{50}$ values of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione and benanstatin A. These results suggest that the substitution of Arg13 with threonine changes the conformation of the active site to increase the affinity for the product or electrophilic substrate. Lys44 seems to be in the vicinity of the H-site of hGST P1-1 or may contribute to some extents to the electrophile binding.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.709-717
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and functions of wool and silk dyed with Catechu by examining the effects of dying conditions such as dye concentration, dying temperature, dyeing time, pH level and pre-mordants. These conditions were examined in relation to dye uptake and color changes, washing fastness, light fastness, ultraviolet-cut ability and antimicrobial ability of the dyed fabrics. Catechu showed good affinity to silk fiber. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was obtained, and so it was considered that ionic bondings are formed between Catechu and protein fiber. As the dyeing time and temperature is increased, the dyeability of both silk and wool fabrics also increases. At high temperatures the color of dyed fabrics changes from Y and YR to R. Wool is effective in using Al, Cu, Fe mordant, while silk is effective only in using only Cu mordants. The dyeability was shown to be improved at low pH levels. Additionally, both washing fastness and light fastness were shown to be low. However, the fabric color gradually changed to red was due to mailard reaction of catechol tannin causingby repeated washing and sunlight. The ultraviolet-cut ability was improved for cotton fabric dyed with Catechu. Also, dyed fabric with Catechu showed very good antimicrobial abilities at 99.9%.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.5 no.1_2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1978

In order to estimate the human placental lactogen levels and its value as an indicator of placental function during the first half of normal pregnancy, we defermined HPL levels. in normal snbjects (No=40) from the 6th week to the 20th week of gestation For the determination of human placental lactogen in serum of normal pregnant women during the first half of prognancy, radioimmunoassay have been performed using Phadebas HPL Test kit. The range of 25ng to 800ng HPL/ml. were determined by the procedures using Phadbas HPL Test kit, which correspond to levels recorded throughout the first half of normal pregnancy. HPL was detected in the earliest pregnancy samples collected at 6 weeks but was generally present in minute amount during the first trimester of pregnancy, when the HPL level ranged from 25 ng/ml. to 0.86 ${\mu}g$/ml. The mean concentration of HPL increased gradually from only 0.03 ${\mu}g$/ml, at 6 weeks to 0.25 ${\mu}g$/ml, at 12 weeks of gestation, Subsequently the mean HPL value rose steeply from 0.25 ${\mu}g$/ml, at 12 weeks to 1.65 ${\mu}g$/ml, at 20 weeks of gestation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

The present study has attempted to look into the mechanism of ras-induced carcinogenesis in a human epithelial cell system. Human epithelial cells immortalized with Ad12-SV40 hybrid virus were used to assess carcinogenic potential of the ras-oncogene. Cells transfected with pSV2-ras showed characteristics of cellular transformation. The transformation parameters such as cell density, soft-agar colony formation, and cell aggregation were significantly increased in the cells expressing ras oncoprotein. In addition, the duration required for the appearance of foci was shortened in the ras-transfected cells. Consistent with other reports, our results demonstrated an evidence that the ras-oncogene induced the cellular transformation of human epithelial cell system. When a high concentration of glucocorticoid was added into the media, transformation process was accelerated. It is speculated that glucocorticoid may provide an advantageous environment for the proliferation of the transformed cells. The induction of the intracellular free calcium concentrations following agonist treatment was significantly lower in the transformed cells than in the control cells. These effects were more manifested in the presence of extracellular cacium, indicating that the transformation process may alter the influx pathway of extracellular calcium. The induction of $IP_3$ following agonist treatment was also lower in the transformed cells than in the control cells. Thus, it is suggested that phospholipase C-coupled pathway was down-regulated in the process of the ras-induced transformation. While the levels of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ and PAI-2 mRNAs were decreased, the level of fibronectin mRNA was increased. The results indicate that mechanism of the ras-induced transformation may be associated with the altered expressions of growth regulatory factors. The present study demonstrates an evidence that the ras-induced cellular transformation may be associated with alteration of signal transduction and growth regulatory factors. The study will contribute to improve the understanding of molecular mechanism of epithelium-derived cancers including oral cancer.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are prevalent in the human colon and represent up to 90% of all bacteria in fecal samples of breast-fed infants, and 3~5% of adult fecal microbiota. Bifidobacteria produce organic acids, thus reducing the colon pH to a level inhibitory for pathogenic bacteria. They can also detoxify a number of toxic compounds and adhere to the colon mucosa, thus preventing the adherence of pathogens and induction of colon cancer. Recently, we identified a novel Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strain, KACC 91563, in a fecal sample of a Korean neonate, and demonstrated its functional properties. We showed that B. longum KACC 91563 alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression and produces antioxidative and antihypertensive peptides by casein hydrolysis. Dairy products are considered as an ideal food system for the delivery of probiotic cultures to the human gastrointestinal tract. Cheese affords protection to probiotic microbes during gastric transit due to its relatively high pH, more solid consistency, higher fat content, and higher buffering capacity. Incorporation of B. longum KACC 91563 into cheese making is currently under study.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to prepare functional beverages with dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum H.) extracts. As a result of sensory evaluation, 10% water extracts of dandelion containing beverage, which was the highest value of overall preference, was chosen for further examinations. Moisture content of developed beverage was $99.6{\pm}0.5%$ and sugar content decreased from 0.8 to $0.7^{\circ}Brix$ whereas pH increased from 3.4 to 3.7 by addition of 10% dandelion extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of beverage were $295.8{\pm}5.8mg/L$ and $122.8{\pm}18.4mg/L$, respectively. The developed beverage showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity of $98.2{\pm}0.6%$ than the beverage without extract. Moreover, concentration of silibinin in the T. mongolicum H. beverage was $0.3{\pm}0.04mg/L$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

The $P2X_7$ receptor, an ATP-gated cation channel, induces cell death in immune cells and is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Although the receptor plays various roles in these diseases, the cellular mechanisms involved are poorly understood and antagonists are limited. Here, the development of a cell-based assay for human $P2X_7$ receptor is reported. We established permanent lines of HEK 293 cells expressing a high level of $hP2X_7$ receptor. Functional activity of the $hP2X_7$ receptor was confirmed by whole-cell patch recording of ATP-induced ion currents. Prolonged exposure to ATP resulted in death of the $hP2X_7$-expressing HEK 293 cells and this cell death could be quantified. Two known $P2X_7$ antagonists, PPADS and KN-62, blocked ATP-induced death in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, this assay can be used to screen for new antagonists of $hP2X_7$ receptors.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Objective: This study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of low-dose FSH regimen, comparing with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (CC/hMG) regimen. Methods: Retrospective study of the ovulatory factor infertility 39 patients who had been treated by intrauterine insemination (IUI). The 31 cycles of 21 patients were stimulated by CC/hMG regimen, the 22 cycles of 18 patients were stimulated by low-dose FSH regimen. We compared the rate of clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) of both group. Results: The rate of clinical pregnancy of the CC/hMG group was 25.7% per cycle, and that of the low-dose FSH group was 54.5% per cycle. The low-dose FSH group showed a higher rate of clinical pregnancy per cycle than CC/hMG group (p=0.028). However, no differences was found statistically in the rate of multiple pregnancy and OHSS between CC/hMG group (22.2%, 5.7%) and low-dose FSH group (33.3%, 13.6%). Conclusion: This study showed that the low-dose FSH regimen is superior to CC/hMG regimen in getting clinical pregnancy, but dose not reduce the ovulation induction complications.