• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.749-762
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• 2020

Influenza A viruses are circulating in a variety of hosts, including humans, pigs, and poultry. Swine influenza virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can be readily transmitted to humans. The influenza viruses of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic were derived from swine influenza viruses, and it has been suggested that the 1957 H2N2 pandemic and the 1968 H3N2 pandemic both originated in pigs. Pigs are regarded as a mixing vessel in the creation of novel influenza viruses since they are readily infected with human and avian influenza viruses. We isolated three novel H1N2 influenza viruses from pigs showing respiratory symptoms on a Korean farm in 2019. These viruses were reassortants, containing PA and NP genes from those of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in addition to PB2, PB1, HA, NA, M, and NS genes from those of triple-reassortant swine H3N2 and classical swine H1N2 influenza viruses circulating in Korean pigs. Mice infected with the isolated H1N2 influenza virus lost up to 17% body weight and exhibited interstitial pneumonia involving infiltration of many inflammatory cells. Results suggest that close surveillance to detect emerging influenza viruses in pigs is necessary for the health of both pigs and humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.767-782
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• 2017

MicroRNAs control the differentiation and proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs). However, the role of miR-200a and miR210 on the osteogenic differentiaton of hADSCs has not been determined. hADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues. Direct binding of mircoRNA to target mRNAs was determined by luciferase assay of the constructs containing putative microRNA binding sites within 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. Overexpression of miR-200a increased the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, while causing downregulation of the levels of ZEB2. Inhibition of miR-200a with antisense RNAs inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Overexpression of miR-210 was found to inhibit the proliferation of hADSCs but increase the osteogenic differentiation, while causing downregulation of the levels of IGFBP3. Inhibition of miR-210 with antisense RNAs increased the proliferation but inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. Analysis of the luciferase activity of the constructs containing the miR-200a target site within the ZEB2 3' region and the miR-210 target site within the IGFBP3 3' region revealed lower activity in the miR-200a- or miR-210-transfected hADSCs than in control miRNA-transfected hADSCs. Downregulation of ZEB2 or IGFBP3 in the hADSCs showed similar effects on both their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation with that of miR-200a and miR-210 overexpression, respectively. The results of the current study indicate that miR-200a and miR-210 regulate the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hADSCs through the direct targeting of IGFBP3 and ZEB2, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sex hormones affect the proliferation of cells and are believed to play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, little is known regarding how these two factors interact to affect cell proliferation. In this study, hepal-6 cells were treated with ROS and sex hormones (testosterone and steroidal) either separately or in combination. The sex hormones had no significant influence the cell proliferation up to a concentration of $1{\mu}M$. However, cell proliferation was inhibited when the cells were treated simultaneously with $H_2O_2$, which alone was found to promote cell proliferation at the concentrations of $15{\mu}M$. In conclusion, this study indicates that instead of promoting the cell proliferation, ROS interact with sex hormones to inhibit the Hepa 1-6 cell proliferation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.410-416
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• 2002

In this study, a new quantitative analytical method has been developed for the rapid determination of vancomycin in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS/MS). Chromatography was carried out on a $C_{18}$ XTerra MS column ($2.1{\times}30mm$) with a particle size of $3.5{\mu}m$. The mobile phase was 0.25% formic acid in 10% acetonitrile and the flow rate was $250{\mu}L/min$. Vancomycin and caffeine (internal standard) were detected by MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Vancomycin gives a predominant doubly protonated precursor molecule ($[M+2H]^{2+}$) at m/z 725.0 and a corresponding product ion of m/z 100.0. Detection of vancomycin was good, accurate and precise, with a limit of detection of 1 nM in plasma. The calibration curves for vancomycin in human plasma was linear in a concentration range of $0.01{\mu}M$ - $100{\mu}M$ for plasma. This method has been successfully applied to determine the concentration of vancomycin in human plasma and urine from pharmacokinetic study and relative studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.348-352
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• 1999

We have intended to accelerate the secretion of human lysozyme(HLY) with permeabilizing agents from the cultivated cells of the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The five agents CaCl2, Tween 80, ethanol, Triton X 100, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were used as permeabilizing agents. Treatments of the yeast cell with CaCl2, Tween 80, and ethanol were effective to increase the secretion from the yeast cells. Especially, treatment of 10% ethanol increased the extracellular HLY activity by 38.6% at 30oC for 48 h in culture broth. But Triton X 100 and CTAB unexpectedly didn't play a role in increase of HLY secretion. Recovery of a foreign protein by permeabilizing agents is easier than by osmotic shock, and is less expensive than enzymatic digestion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.810-815
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• 2004

Many biological properties and the clinical potential of human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) draw much attention to its high-level expression in mammalian cells. Recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using the recently developed expression system which confers position-independent expression. Stable CHO cell lines carrying several hundred amplified copies of the rhIL-2 gene were easily obtained and rhIL-2 was expressed at high levels after selection with increasing concentrations of methotrexate. Interestingly, the insertion of the transcription terminator of the human gastrin gene into the downstream region of the gene for rhIL-2 considerably increased rhIL-2 expression. Using the expression system with the transcription terminator, it was possible to get a CHO cell line expressing the rhIL-2 at a very high level, about $11.4\mug/10^6$ cell/day, which is about 6 times higher than that previously reported. The biological activity of the rhIL-2 protein purified from the cell line was also confirmed by the cell proliferation assay.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

Two staphylococcal lipases were obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis S2 and Staphylococcus aureus S11 isolated from sebaceous areas on the skin of the human face. The molecular mass of both enzymes was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE. S2 lipase displayed its highest activity in the hydrolysis of olive oil at $32^{\circ}C$ and pH 8, whereas S11 lipase showed optimal activity at $31^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5. The S2 lipase showed the property of cold-adaptation, with activation energy of 6.52 kcal/mol. In contrast, S11 lipase's activation energy, at 21 kcal/mol, was more characteristic of mesophilic lipases. S2 lipase was stable up to $45^{\circ}C$ and within the pH range from 5 to 9, whereas S11 lipase was stable up to $50^{\circ}C$ and from pH 6 to 10. Both enzymes had high activity against tributyrin, waste soybean oil, and fish oil. Sequence analysis of the S2 lipase gene showed an open reading frame of 2,067 bp encoding a signal peptide (35 aa), a pro-peptide (267 aa), and a mature enzyme (386 aa); the S11 lipase gene, at 2,076 bp, also encoded a signal peptide (37 aa), pro-peptide (255 aa), and mature enzyme (399 aa). The two enzymes maintained amino acid sequence identity of 98-99% with other similar staphylococcal lipases. Their microbial origins and biochemical properties may make these staphylococcal lipases isolated from facial sebaceous skin suitable for use as catalysts in the cosmetic, medicinal, food, or detergent industries.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4037-4040
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and toxic and side effects of recombinant human endostatin (rhendostatin/endostar) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients with advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcioma confirmed by histopathology and/or cytological examination were divided into group A (37 patients) and group B (33 patients). Patients in group A were given intravenous drip of 15 mg endostar added into 500 mL normal saline, once every other day until the cessation of chemotherapy or patients' maximal tolerance to chemotherapy. Patients in group B received chemotherapy alone. Two groups selected the same chemotherapy regimens. FOLFIRI scheme: 90-min intravenous drip of $180mg/m^2$ irinotecan, intravenous drip of $200mg/m^2$ calcium folinate (CF) and $400mg/m^2$ 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on d1, and continuous intravenous pumping of 2 $400mg/m^2$ 5-Fu for 46 h. FOLFOX4 scheme: intravenous injection of $85mg/m^2$ oxaliplatin (L-OHP), $200mg/m^2$ calcium folinate (CF) and $400mg/m^2$ 5-FU on d1 for 2 h, and then continuous intravenous pumping of 2 $400mg/m^2$ 5-Fu for 46 h. XELOX scheme: oral administration of 1 $500mg/m^2$ xeloda (or tegafur 50~60 mg) in twice during d1~14 and intravenous drip of $135mg/m^2$ L-OHP on d1 for 2 h. The modified FOLFOX scheme: intravenous injection of $135mg/m^2$ L-OHP on d1 for 2 h, $200mg/m^2$ CF and 1.0 g tegafur during d1~5. Whereas, control Group B received chemotherapy regimens which were same as Group A, but no addition of endostar. Before chemotherapy, patients were given intravenous injection of 8 mg ondansetron, intramuscular injection of 10 mg metoclopramide and 20 mg diphenhydramine for prevention of vomiting, protection of liver and stomach as well as symptomatic supportive treatment. One cycle was 21 d, 4~6 cycles in total. The efficacy was evaluated every 2 cycles. Results: 32 patients in Group A could be evaluated, and the response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 59.38% and 78.13%, respectively. 31 patients in Groups could be evaluated, and the RR and DCR were 32.26% and 54.84%, respectively. The differences between 2 groups were significant. The toxic effects include myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reaction, fatigue, cardiotoxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Preliminary observations show that endostar (once every other day) combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, with low toxic effects, good tolerance, deserving further study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2002

The present study was conducted for the production of transgenic cloned cows by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) that secrete human prourokinase into milk. To establish an efficient production system for bovine transgenic SCNT embryos, the offset was examined of various conditions of donor cells including cell type, size, and passage number on the developmental competence of transgenic SCNT embryos. An expression plasmid far human prourokinase (pbeta-ProU) was constructed by inserting a bovine beta-casein promoter, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene, and a human prourokinase target gene into a pcDNA3 plasmid. Three types of bovine somatic cells including two adult cells (cumulus cells and ear fibroblasts) and fetal fibroblasts were prepared and transfected using a lipid-meidated method. In Experiment 1, developmental competence and rates of GFP expression in bovine transgenic SCNT embryos reconstructed with cumulus cells were significantly higher than those from fetal and ear fibroblasts. In Experiment 2, the effect of cellular senescence in early (2 to 4) and late (8 to 12) passages was investigated. No significant differences in the development of transgenic SCNT embryos were observed. In Experient 3, different sizes of GFP-expressing transfected cumulus cells [large (>30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) or small cell (<30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)] were used for SCNT. A significant improvement in embryo development and GFP expression was observed when small cumulus cells were used for SCNT. Taken together, these results demonstrate that (1) adult somatic cells could serve as donor cells in transgenic SCNT embryo production and cumulus cells with small size at early passage were the optimal cell type, and (2) transgenic SCNT embryos derived from adult somatic cells have embryonic development potential.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2019

Hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) is mainly produced along with methane and hydrocarbons in many gas fields as well as hydrodesulfurization processes of crude oils containing sulfur compounds and the emission of $H_2S$ has a considerable effect on both environmental problem and human health aspects due to formation of, e.g. acid rain and smog. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as the most promising solvents for $CO_2$ and hazardous pollutants capture, such as $H_2S$ and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$). In this work, we demonstrate the use of the predictive COSMO-SAC model for the prediction of Henry's law constant of $H_2S$ in ILs. Furthermore, the method is used to screen for potential IL candidates for $H_2S$ capture from a set of 2,624 ILs formed from 82 cations and 32 anions. The effects of cation on the Henry's law constant of $H_2S$ such as (i) the variation of the alkyl chain length on cation, (ii) the substituent of methyl group ($-CH_3$) for H in C(2) position and (iii) the change of ring structure for cation family are clearly predicted by COSMO-SAC model.