• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2010

Growing interest in the nasal route as a drug delivery system calls for a reliable in vitro model which is crucial for efficiently evaluating drug transport through the nasal cells. Various in vitro cell culture systems has thus been developed to displace the ex vivo excised nasal tissue and in vivo animal models. Due to species difference, results from animal studies are not sufficient for estimating the drug absorption kinetics in humans. However, the difficulty in obtaining reliable human tissue source limits the use of primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells. This shortage of human nasal tissue has therefore prompted studies on the "passage" culture of nasal epithelial cells. A serially passaged primary human nasal epithelial cell monolayer system developed by the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture is known to promote the differentiation of cilia and mucin gene and maintain high TEER values. Recent studies on the in vitro nasal cell culture systems for drug transport studies are reviewed in this article.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1987

Among the environmental toxic metals, cadmium and lead compounds are very hazard for human health because these may affect the biological function of human body and furthermore enhance the cause of various disease. In recent years, as the view of environmental toxicology, the combination of toxic metals suffering human health is especially significant cadmium chloride (10 mg/kg P. 0., 1 mg/kg I.P.) and lead acetate (20 mg/kg P.O., 2 mg/kg I.P.) were administered to rats for 4 weeks on alternate days and then examined the effect of these on body weight, tissue weight and also biochemical function in blood and tissue were investigated and comparision of the two experimental groups such as single and combined administration. According to the results of this experiment, accumulation of heavy metals increased and biological metabolic function grew worse but, in tissue, toxic effect decreased by combined administration and intraperitoneal administration was more toxic than per OS.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.519-523
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• 2003

Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) includes a group of organic acids found in natural foods such as sugarcane (glycolic acid), milk (lactic acid), apples (malic acid) and oranges (citric acid). Earlier studies demonstrated the effect of AHAs on the skin by diminishing the adhesiveness of the corneal layer and increasing the viable epidermal thickness. Recent data suggest that AHAs have some effects on the dermal component of skin and even affect the aging process of the skin. A previous study revealed increased collagen production by treatment with glycolic acid among AHAs in vitro. However, the mechanism of the regulation of collagen production by glycolic acid was unclear. In present study, we tried to demonstrate the effect of glycolic acid on human dermal fibroblasts and to unveil the mechanism of regulation of collagen production by glycolic acid in human dermal fibroblasts: proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis and degradation by collagenases in fibroblasts. Our results suggested that glycolic acid had no effect on proliferation and cytotoxicity of adult human dermal fibroblasts. However, glycolic acid not only induced the increase of the collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts at lower concentration than 0.1 % but also inhibited MMP-2 activity of human dermal fibroblast in the range between 0.01 and 0.4% and MMP-9 activity of human dermal fibroblast in the range between 0.06 and 0.09%. In summary, our results suggest that glycolic acid may increase wrinkle reduction partially by both increase in collagen synthesis and decrease in collagen degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

The preventive effects of gene transfer of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) on the development of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were examined usin a rat model of SAH. An experimental SAH was produced by injecting autologous arterial blood twice into the cisterna magna, and the changes in the diameter of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. Rats subjected to SAH exhibited a decreased diameter with an increased wall thickness of MCA that were significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, $10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase. Furthermore, application of recombinant adenovirus ($100{\mu}l$ of $1{\times}10^{10}$ pfu/ml, intracisternally), which encodes human Cu/ZnSOD, 3 days before SAH prevented the development of SAH-induced vasospasm. Our findings demonstrate that SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm is closely related with NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, and these alterations can be prevented by the recombinant adenovirus-mediated transfer of human Cu/ZnSOD gene to the cerebral vasculature.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.321-340
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• 1995

The regeneration of destructed periodontal tissues is one of the ultimate objectives of periodontal therapy. Guided tissue regeneration technique was developed for the ideal regeneration of periodontal tissues. In order to investigate the role of fibronectin, laminin and tenascin in the regenerating process of periodontal tissues, the expanded PTFE barrier membranes(Gore Associates, USA) removed from the patients who had been treated by guided tissue regeneration(GTR) and guided bone regeneration(GBR) techniques were fixed in neutral formalin for 6-24 hours, embedded with paraffin, sectioned at $4-6{\mu}m$ in thickness, and immunohistochemically processed by Avidin-Biotin peroxidase complex method for detecting fibronectin, laminin and tenascin. Monoclonal mouse anti-human fibronectin antibody(Oncogene Science, USA., 1:100), monoclonal mouse anti-human laminin antibody(Oncogene Science, USA., 1:50) and mouse anti-human tenascin antibody(Oncogene Science, USA, 1:10) were used as primary antibodies. The light microscopic findings were as follows: (1) The distribution of fibronectin, laminin and tenascin was various according to the area of barrier membranes. (2) The distribution of fibronectin in case of GBR was extensive in the tissue on the outer surface of barrier membranes, and rare in the intervening space and on the inner surface. In case of GTR it was extensive on the outer surface and in the intervening space, and rare on the inner surface. (3) The distribution of laminin was rare in the tissue on the outer, the inner surface and intervening space of barrier membranes, regardless of GBR or GTR. (4) In case 'of GBR rare distribution of tenascin was observed on the outer surface only, except the inner surface and the intervening space of barrier membranes. In case of GTR the distribution of tenascin was extensive in the tissue on the outer surface, rare in intervening space and the inner surface. The results suggest that fibronectin, laminin and tenascin may play a important role in the regenerating process of periodontal tissue, and they may affect the outcome of healing.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2006

Future cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering will benefit from a source of autogenous pluripotent stem cells. There are embryonic stem cells (ESC) and autologous adult stem cells, two general types of stem cells potentilally useful for these applications. But practical use of ESC is limited due to potential problems of cell regulation and ethical considerations. To get bone marrow stem cells is relatively burden to patients because of pain, anesthesia requirement. The ideal stem cells are required of such as the following advantages: easy to obtain, minimal patient discomfort and a capability of yielding enough cell numbers. Adipose autologus tissue taken from intraoral fatty pad or abdomen may represent such a source. Our study designed to demonstrate the ability of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hATSC) from human abdominal adipose tissue diffentiating into osteocyte and adipocyte under culture in vitro conditions. As a result of experiment, we identified stromal cell derived adipose tissue has the multilineage potentiality under appropriate culture conditions. And the adipose stromal cells expressed several mesenchymal stem cell related antigen (CD29, CD44) reactions. Secondary, we compared the culture results of a group of hATSC stimulated with TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF with a hATSC group without growth factors to confirm whether cytokines have a important role of the proliferation in osteogenic differentiation. The role of cytokines such as TGF-${\beta}$1, bFGF increased hATSC's osteogenic differentiation especially when TGF-${\beta}$1 and bFGF were used together. These results suggest that adipose stromal cells with growth factors could be efficiently available for cell-based bone regeneration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2022

Since the skin covers most surfaces of the body, it is susceptible to damage, which can be fatal depending on the degree of injury to the skin because it defends against external attack and protects internal structures. Various types of artificial skin are being studied for transplantation to repair damaged skin, and recently, the production of replaceable skin using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has also been investigated. In this study, skin tissue was produced using a 3D bioprinter with human skin cell lines and cells extracted from mouse skin, and the printing conditions were optimized. Gelatin was used as a bioink, and fibrinogen and alginate were used for tissue hardening after printing. Printed skin tissue maintained a survival rate of 90% or more when cultured for 14 days. Culture conditions were established using 8 mM calcium chloride treatment and the skin tissue was exposed to air to optimize epidermal cell differentiation. The skin tissue was cultured for 14 days after differentiation induction by this optimized culture method, and immunofluorescent staining was performed using epidermal cell differentiation markers to investigate whether the epidermal cells had differentiated. After differentiation, loricrin, which is normally found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells, was observed in the cells at the tip of the epidermal layer, and cytokeratin 14 was expressed in the lower cells of the epidermis layer. Collectively, this study may provide optimized conditions for bioprinting and keratinization for three-dimensional skin production.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2001

The elastic modulus and fatigue properties of canine and human trabecular bone tissues (single trabecular) were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic test, and they were compared based on microstructural characteristics and mineral density. The results showed that canine trabecular bone tissue had significantly lower modulus and lower fatigue strength than human tissue. The observed microstructural differences between the two tissues may be more responsible for the differences, although the lower mineral density in canine tissue might also have contributed to the lower modulus and fatigue strength.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2022

The past two decades have witnessed an upsurge in the appreciation of adipose tissue (AT) as an immunometabolic hub harbouring heterogeneous cell populations that collectively fine-tune systemic metabolic homeostasis. Technological advancements, especially single-cell transcriptomics, have offered an unprecedented opportunity for dissecting the sophisticated cellular networks and compositional dynamics underpinning AT remodelling. The "re-discovery" of functional brown adipose tissue dissipating heat energy in human adults has aroused tremendous interest in exploiting the mechanisms underpinning the engagement of AT thermogenesis for combating human obesity. In this review, we aim to summarise and evaluate the use of single-cell transcriptomics that contribute to a better appreciation of the cellular plasticity and intercellular crosstalk in thermogenic AT.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2009

초음파 의료용 탄성 영상 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위한 인체 조직 모사 팬텀을 제작하였다. 인체에서 종양이나 암 조직은 주위의 정상조직보다 단단한 특성을 가진다. 이러한 조직의 단단함을 영상화하는 기법이 탄성 영상 기법이다. 인체의 병변 조직의 기계적인 특성을 모사하기 위하여 플라스틱 경화제와 연화제를 이용하여 탄성도가 다른 균일 탄성 팬텀을 제작하였다. 제작된 균일 탄성 팬텀은 시료의 비율에 따라 $11.1{\sim}79.6$ kPa 범위의 탄성계수 값을 얻었다. 이를 바탕으로 외부 매질과 내부 매질의 탄성계수 차이가 5배와 7배 정도인 초음파 병변 모사 팬텀을 제작하여 탄성 영상을 획득하였다. 본 논문에서는 제작된 플라스틱 기반의 탄성 팬텀이 인체의 탄성 특성을 모사하는 탄성 팬텀으로서 유용함을 확인하였다.