• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

The movement of soil along a slope during rainfall can cause serious economic damage and can jeopardize human life. Accordingly, predicting slope stability during rainfall is a major issue in geotechnical engineering. Due to rainwater penetrating the soil, the negative pore water pressure will decrease, in turn causing a loss of shear strength in the soil and ultimately slope failure. More seriously, many constructions such as houses and transmission towers built in/on slopes are at risk when the slopes fail. In this study, the numerical simulation using 2D finite difference program, which can solve a fully coupled hydromechanical problems, was used to evaluate the effects of soil properties, rainfall conditions, and the location of a foundation on the slope instability and slope failure mechanisms during rainfall. A slope with a transmission tower located in Namyangju, South Korea was analyzed in this study. The results showed that the correlation between permeability and rainfall intensity had an important role in changing the pore water pressure via controlling the infiltrated rainwater. The foundation of the transmission tower was stable during rainfall because the slope failure was estimated to occur at the toe of the slope, and did not go through the foundation.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Purpose: The human body can experience a variety of injuries. As a result, it may be difficult to directly treat the damaged area. In such a case, indirect treatment is required. Indirect treatment is typically PNF treatment. Morphological changes in muscle have been confirmed through several previous studies; however, few studies have analyzed neurological changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how irradiation during resistance exercise using a diagonal pattern effects neurological excitability. Methods: Electromyography was performed on 13 healthy adults. A compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was obtained through a median motor nerve conduction velocity test, which was conducted before and after performing the irradiation exercise and general exercise. Results: Compared to baseline measurements, there was no significant difference in the latency of the irradiation exercise and general exercise. The amplitude of the CMAP measured after the irradiation exercise was significantly higher than after general exercise. Conclusion: Neurological excitability was high in irradiation during resistance exercise using a diagonal pattern. When clinically direct treatment is difficult, it is thought that irradiation can be used indirectly as a technique to induce nerve excitability.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 2020

The Netherlands is a human-made country and an extremely well-designed European country as well. The general Dutch spatial planning for the city and environment takes place at a regional level. The local community determines the primary development conditions, and the prospect is included in a legally binding land-use plan. Especially, Rotterdam is a representative port city as the center of world trade and the gateway to western Europe. According to the history of war, the city reconstruction and the movement of the port area have led to a general change in Rotterdam and the regional redevelopment project on the southern port area of Mass river for the expansion of city functions and the balanced development. The research purpose is to understand the spatial development of the Netherlands city-region based on the analysis regarding the Kop van Zuid project, which is a representative implemented case in Rotterdam. The theoretical framework is the five dimensions and twelve indicators of territorial governance from the TANGO research project by the EU. The target case is assessed by planning and social aspect, respectively, and the results are discussed based on the theoretical framework. This research has the possibility to be utilized as advanced research by the European perspective for spatial development in other city-regions with the port area, such as Incheon and Busan in Korea.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

Applying metric(distance) factor as weighting to spatial syntax is known to not contribute to the explanatory power for the human movement behavior as compared to the geometric(angle) factor according to the negative results of several related studies. However, Kim & Piao (2017) assumed that there is not a problem of the metric factor itself but a problem of the way of applying the metric factor as weighting, and presented a new possibility of the metric factor as weighting by proposing and verifying the methods of applying the metric weighting, which are different from the existing ones. The purpose of this study is to propose advanced methods of applying the metric weighting to space syntax, and to verify whether they contribute to the improvement of explanatory power of space syntax analysis. In this paper, we propose functions for combined depth of distance-step that combine the distance-weighted depth function with the step depth function and apply them to axial segment analysis to check the improvement of explanatory power of them.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1148-1155
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• 2020

Fire must be extinguished as quickly as possible because they cause a lot of economic loss and take away precious human lives. Especially, the detection of smoke, which tends to be found first in fire, is of great importance. Smoke detection based on image has many difficulties in algorithm research due to the irregular shape of smoke. In this study, we introduce a new real-time smoke detection algorithm that reduces the detection of false positives generated by irregular smoke shape based on faster r-cnn of factory-installed surveillance cameras. First, we compute the global frame similarity and mean squared error (MSE) to detect the movement of smoke from the input surveillance camera. Second, we use deep learning algorithm (Faster r-cnn) to extract deferred candidate regions. Third, the extracted candidate areas for acting are finally determined using space and temporal features as smoke area. In this study, we proposed a new algorithm using the space and temporal features of global and local frames, which are well-proposed object information, to reduce false positives based on deep learning techniques. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance by reducing false positives of about 99.0% while maintaining smoke detection performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1107-1119
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• 2020

This study analyzed a subject's body reaction and subjective sensation when wearing a gait-assistive rehabilitation robot. The research method measured skin and clothing surface temperatures for 'seating-standing' and 'walking in place' exercises after wearing a gait-assistive rehabilitation robot. In addition, subjective sensation and satisfaction were evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale. The study results showed that the average skin temperature during exercise while wearing the gait-assistive rehabilitation robot was within a comfortable range. However, during the 'seating-standing' exercise, the skin temperature was slightly lowered. Additionally, the clothing surface temperature tended to be lower than the pre-exercise temperature after all exercises. The subjective sensation evaluation results showed that the wear comfort of the waist part was low during mobility/activity. In addition, an overall improvement in the wear comfort of the robot is necessary. The short-time movement of wearing and walking in the gait-assistive rehabilitation robot did not interfere with the thermal comfort of the body. However, the robot needs to be ergonomically improved in consideration of the long wearing time along with improved material that to satisfy overall wearing comfort.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.469-481
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• 2018

When literatures and cultures encounter their counterparts in terms of the big data or statistics of a new reconfiguration in the cognitive map, the tangential points of the borderland will be reduced to what Mitchell calls "a mere abstraction on a map," which nevertheless will provide a vast interstitial zone of "intersections, competition, and exclusions." This zone will be the dynamic vortex for the aesthetics, politics, and ethics of cultural translation. The translated discourse will engage in carrying across the disturbing region of untranslatability and demonstrate how the literary texts of world literature reveal enriching but threatening human experience. This dynamic border of vortex will construct the translational space of world literature, transcending the fragmentary untranslatable nature of the hybrid convergence of the ethnic, racial, cultural and national intermixtures and constructing what Pascal Casanova terms "The World Republic of Letters." In this paper, I will demonstrate how the very concept of scale is related to literary space as well as how distance creates a poetics of literary landscapes which looks ahead of world literature. Also, I will attempt to find the possibility to relate the "micro-scale" with the "macro-scale," and to construct the scale politics of representation. "Glocalization" is a convenient theoretical tool for the double movement of the up-scale and down-scale.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how three gaze directions (bottom, normal, up) affects the coordination and stability of the lower limb during drop landing. Method: 20 female adults (age: 21.1±1.1 yrs, height: 165.7±6.2 cm, weight: 59.4±5.9 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed single-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 1 force plates and leg stiffness, loading rate, DPSI were calculated. All statistical analyses were computed by using SPSS 25.0 program. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compared the differences between the variables in the direction of gaze. To locate the differences, Bonferroni post hoc was applied if significance was observed. Results: The hip flexion angle and ankle plantar flexion angle were significantly smaller when the gaze direction was up. In the kinetic variables, when the gaze direction was up, the loading rate and DPSI were significantly higher than those of other gaze directions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that decreased hip and ankle flexion angles, increased loading rate and DPSI when the gaze direction was up. This suggests that the difference in visual information can increase the risk of injury to the lower limb during landing.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the different in isokinetic peak strength of the knee joint, and kinetics and kinematics in drop landing pattern of lower limb between the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients and normal. Method: 30 adult females were divided into the PFPS (age: 23.13±2.77 yrs; height: 160.97±3.79 cm, weight: 51.19±4.86 kg) and normal group (age: 22.80±2.54 yrs, height: 164.40±5.77 cm, weight: 56.14±8.16 kg), with 15 subjects in each group. To examine the knee isokinetic peak strength, kinematics and kinetics in peak vertical ground reaction force during drop landing. Results: The knee peak torque (Nm) and relative strength (%) were significantly weaker PFPS group than normal group. In addition, PFPS group had significantly greater hip flexion angle (°) than normal group. Moreover, normal group had significantly greater moment of hip abduction, hip internal rotation, and left ankle eversion than PFPS group, and PFPS group had significantly greater moment of knee internal rotation. Finally, there was significant differences between the groups at anteroposterior center of pressure. Conclusion: The PFPS patients had weakened knee strength, and which can result in an unstable landing pattern and cause of more stress in the knee joints despite to effort of reduce vertical ground reaction force.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between strength of the lower extremity's joints and their local dynamic stability (LDS) of gait in elderly women. Method: Forty-five elderly women participated in this study. Average age, height, mass, and preference walking speed were 73.5±3.7 years, 153.8±4.8 cm, 56.7±6.4 kg, and 1.2±0.1 m/s, respectively. They were tested torque peak of the knee and ankle joints with a Human Norm and while they were walking on a treadmill at their preference speed for a long while, kinematic data were obtained using six 3-D motion capture cameras. LDS of the lower extremity's joints were calculated in maximum Lyapunov Exponent (LyE). Correlation coefficients between torque of the joints and LyE were obtained using Spearman rank. Level of significance was set at p<.05. Results: Knee flexion torque and its LDS was negatively associated with adduction-abduction and flexion-extension movement (p<.05). In addition, ratio of the knee flexion torque to extension and LDS was negatively related to internal-external rotation. Conclusion: In conclusion, knee flexion strength should preferentially be strengthened to increase LDS of the lower extremity's joints for preventing from small perturbations during walking in elderly women.