• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.333-345
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• 2024

Stem cells transplantation (SCT) is known as a newfound strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) contain various regenerative features. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a laboratory model of MS. This meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the overall therapeutic effects of hUCMSCs on reduction of clinical score (CS) and restoration of active movement in EAE-induced animals. For comprehensive searching (in various English and Persian databases until May 1, 2024), the main keywords of "Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis", "Multiple Sclerosis", "Human", "Umbilical Cord", "Mesenchymal", and "Stem Cell" were hired. Collected data were transferred to the citation manager software (EndNote x8) and duplicate papers were merged. Primary and secondary screenings were applied (according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria) and eligible studies were prepared for data collection. CS of two phases of peak and recovery of EAE were extracted as the difference in means and various analyses including heterogeneity, publication bias, funnel plot, and sensitivity index were reported. Meta-analysis was applied by CMA software (v.2), P<0.05 was considered a significant level, and the confidence interval (CI) was determined 95% (95% CI). Six eligible high-quality (approved by ARRIVE checklist) papers were gathered. The difference in means of peak and recovery phases were -0.775 (-1.325 to -0.225; P=0.006; I²=90.417%) and -1.230 (-1.759 to -0.700; P<0.001; I²=93.402%), respectively. The overall therapeutic effects of SCT of hUCMSCs on the EAE cases was -1.011 (95% CI=-1.392 to -0.629; P=0.001). hUCMSCs transplantation through the intravenous route to the animal MS model (EAE) seems a considerably effective procedure for the alleviation of motor defects in both phases of peak and recovery.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.34
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• pp.257-286
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• 2009

Yi, Hang-no said that taiji(=li) was Myeong-deok(illustrious virtue), the core of mind and heart, emphasizing the sides of superintendent and mysterious ability of li. It seems that he aimed to stress the upper status of li than qi, out of earlier general theory on mind and heart recognizing both li and qi consisted in the mind and heart. Through it, he wanted to say that only human being had moral mind like taiji and upper moral status than animals which human being should keep. The reason that Yi, Hang-no emphasized the difference between li and qi was because of a critical mind that the upper value of li than qi should not be changed and it would be the most dangerous situation if the value collapsed. Like this, Yi, Hang-no's attitude emphasizing li in his theory of mind and heart eventually aimed to explain the theory of Insim(Desire to be) and Dosim(Moral Mind). Yi, Hang-no's disciples testified that their teacher, Yi, Hang-no had cost his whole life to study the theory of Insim and Dosim. This means that Yi, Hang-no had tried to discriminate between Insim and Dosim, and to block private desires in Insim. The fact that Yi, Hang-no stressed the importance of the theory of Insim and Dosim had to do with the special situation that Western Power approached Joseon dynasty. Because Yi, Hang-no opposed the Westerner's moral consciousness for individual desires, against heavenly orders. To overcome the Western challenge, Yi, Hang-no strived to notice that taiji was the core of human mind. The point that Yi, Hang-no wanted to say was that Dosim(Moral Mind) was just the heavenly orders which human being couldn't disobey. Yi, Hang-no thought that Joseon couldn't defence Western flow without this theory of Insim and Dosim. Just after French invasion(1866), Yi, Hang-no was selected as a high-leveled bureaucrat, so he insisted his opinions for rejecting heterodoxy by the letters to the throne several times. The letters also contained his theory of Insim and Dosim mainly. Insisting fight against Western Power and prohibition of trade with Western Power, Yi, Hang-no eventually emphasized the king's right mind(Dosim) as a main and sole means to achieve all the goals he said. In conclusion, Yi, Hang-no's theory on mind and heart was as it is reflected in his letters to the throne. Therefore we can see that Yi, Hang-no's theory on mind and heart had harmonized with his movement to "Rejecting Heterodoxy".

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2002

The functional disruption of Langerhans cells (LC) by UVB radiation is involved in antigen-specific immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity. We tested whether UVB radiation inhibits the endocytotic activity of LC, which leads to impaired subsequent migration and maturation. Human monocyte-derived LC that took up lucifer yellow (L Y) or FITC-dextran (Fd) exclusively migrated in response to 6Ckine and matured. Exposing LC to 10-40 mJ/cm$^2$ of UVB radiation reduced their endocytotic activity in fluid phase pinocytosis (measured by uptake of LY) and in receptor-mediated endocytosis (measured by uptake of Fd). Membrane ruffling and CD32 expression were also suppressed by UVB radiation. UVB-irradiated, endocytosing LC had less movement towards 6Ckine, expressed less CD54 and CD86, and had less effective stimulatory activity in allo-MLR than nonirradiated, endocytosing LC. Endocytosis up-regulated TNF-$\alpha$ production by LC, but prior UVB radiation inhibited this enhancement. The finding that impaired endocytosis of LC by UVB radiation inhibits subsequent migration and maturation was also confirmed in murine epidermal cells obtained from unirradiated and 2OmJ/cm$^2$ of UVB-irradiated skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.877-881
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a real-time people tracking system with multiple CCD cameras for security inside the building. The camera is mounted from the ceiling of the laboratory so that the image data of the passing people are fully overlapped. The implemented system recognizes people movement along various directions. To track people even when their images are partially overlapped, the proposed system estimates and tracks a bounding box enclosing each person in the tracking region. The approximated convex hull of each individual in the tracking area is obtained to provide more accurate tracking information. To achieve this goal, we propose a method for 3D walking human tracking based on the IMPRESARIO framework incorporating cascaded classifiers into hypothesis evaluation. The efficiency of adaptive selection of cascaded classifiers have been also presented. We have shown the improvement of reliability for likelihood calculation by using cascaded classifiers. Experimental results show that the proposed method can smoothly and effectively detect and track walking humans through environments such as dense forests.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 1999

The hub of weight bearing in the human body for both static and dynamic activities is the lumbopelvic region. It is a key region of extraordinary stability, since the trunk and ground forces converage in this region. The two sacroiliac joints form an integral part of this lumbopelvic unit. Considerable effort has been expended to study and quantify the normal range of movement of the sacroiliac joints Mitchell suggests that the ilium rotates in a posterior direction at heel strike and progresses in an anterior direction as the individual passes through the stance phase. The overall key appears to lie in determining the weight-bearing pattern of the sacroiliac (lumbopelvic) region from above and below that results in the familiar pain of sacroiliac dysfunction, assessing the status of the injured tissues, and intervening with the proper treatment protocols that maximize the body's healing processes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the sacroiliac joint's tissues and biomechanics, as well as concepts of evaluation and treatment. This overview is aimed at assisting the clinician in identifying the forces that are potentially destructive to the lumbopelvic tissues.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.169-181
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• 2006

The Samyang-Sameum(三陽三陰) is the movement form peculiar to the cosmic dual forces. Since Byunggi(病氣) along with the Gyungkki(經氣), The Samyang-Sameum(三陽三陰) is the standard for a diagnosis of a disease's outbreak and change. Anyone of The Samyang-Sameum(三陽三陰) can cause a disease in a Gyungkki(經氣) because each and every human being has different Gyungkki(經氣). And, a disease may outbreak by anyone of Wind-Cold-Warmth-Heat(風寒溫熱). Guiding principles of the six Meridians(六經提綱) is set to diagnose which one of the Gyungkki(經氣) causes a disease. Sanghallon(傷寒論) shows several measures to diagnose the lapse of a disease at the beginning stage of external affection(外感) by Wind-Cold(風寒). It is most serious when the Jeongyung(傳經) symptom appears within 6 to 7 days after a disease outbreak since it indicates the exhaustion of true Eum(眞陰). It means the lapse of a disease that formation of dry stool(燥尸) by fast Jeonsok(轉屬) to Yangmyeong(陽明) after a Taeyang(太陽) is diseased. It also means that a position of disease is worsening by a sticking phase of disease when Yipeum(入陰) symptom after anyone of Samyang-Sameum(三陽三陰) is diseased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.289-290
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• 2012

This paper propose the distance measurement algorithms using the 3-axis accelermeter sensor. This algorithms is based on the human gait charateristic. The proposed algorithms used the sampling data from the 3-axis accelermeter sensor. We improved the error rate as less than eight-percent compare the real movement distance with measured distance to apply the threshold value and the additional value according to the change of the acceleration value.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool used to study aspects of human brain physiology, including motor function and the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. A brief electric current passed through a magnetic coil produces a high-intensity magnetic field, which can excite or inhibit the cerebral cortex. Although various brain regions can be evaluated by TMS, most studies have focused on the motor cortex where motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are produced. Single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS can be used to measure the excitability of the motor cortex via various parameters, while repetitive TMS induces cortical plasticity via long-term potentiation or long-term depression-like mechanisms. Therefore, TMS is useful in the evaluation of physiological mechanisms of various neurological diseases, including movement disorders and epilepsy. In addition, it has diagnostic utility in spinal cord diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and demyelinating diseases. The therapeutic effects of repetitive TMS on stroke, Parkinson disease and focal hand dystonia are limited since the duration and clinical benefits seem to be temporary. New TMS techniques, which may improve clinical utility, are being developed to enhance clinical utilities in various neurological diseases.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.782-798
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• 2012

The research aim is to analyze the attributes of fashion as an object of art, and to examine its potential and status as an art of body space. This paper explains the relationship between these two disciplines by focusing on the body as the foundation of fashion and art's concepts, and discusses the intrinsic properties and the approach to the creation of fashion which is expressed through the body. The research begins by analyzing the sociologists thoughts on the body and extracts the characteristics of fashion as a practice of a new art field from the perspective of body creating space. It explains that fashion can most easily transform the body and that this, along with the body itself, possesses the element of creating body space. Fashion is a new avenue for understanding the body that not only includes the human figure but also its movement and spirit approached as a creative activity. The paper will show that fashion chosen as an art activity expresses the changeable and ambiguous body and embraces an unlimited potential of creative activity. This expands the creative field by managing both the inner and outer space of the body. Historical examination, literature review and overview of development of reference materials will establish the theory.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 1999

The nose, a striking features of the human face, is regarded by many clinicians as the keystone of facial esthetics. Clinically, as the treatment of a dentofacial deformity, the soft tissue changes that occurred normally with movement of the skeletal bases. Changes of the soft tissue in the maxillary orthognathic surgery are widening of alar base, elevated nasal tip and flattening of upper lip. In addition, soft tissue change is difficult to predict, it has considerable variability in the response of soft tissue. We reviewed patients who received Le Fort I advancement osteotomy in our department and analysed preoperative and postoperative alar base width, nasal height in clinical measurement and cephalometry and patient's satisfaction of postoperative nasal appearance.