• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2011

Shelf-life of brined baechu cabbage was extended by pasteurization at $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Starters (Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum) were added to the pasteurized brined cabbage to supply beneficial lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation. Control kimchis made with baechu cabbage without pasteurization and no addition of the starters to the pasteurized cabbage kimchi were also prepared. The fermentation characteristics and health functionalities of DPPH free radical scavenging activities and in vitro anticancer effects in AGS human gastric cancer cells were compared. The pasteurized brined cabbage could not be fermented well and the functionalities were also low; however, the addition of starter(s), especially mixed starters of Leu. citreum and Lab. plantarum to the pasteurized brined cabbage, significantly increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria, hardness (texture) and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. The free radical scavenging activities and the anticancer effects were also increased. The fermentation patterns of starter added kimchi prepared with pasteurized brined cabbage were similar to those of naturally fermented kimchi. It seemed that growth of lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation contributed to increased taste and health functionality of kimchi.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2000

$TGF-{\beta}_1$ is a potent chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. It also stimulates the celluar source and components of extracellular matrix and the production of proteinase inhibitors. Collectively, these biologic activities lead to the accumulation and stabilization of the nascent matrix, which is vital to infection control. The objective of this study is to investigate production of $TGF-{\beta}$ in vitro fibroblast culture in the presence of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B(SEB) and/or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and to elucidate the role of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ which may be responsible for infection control. The fibroblasts were originated from gingiva and facial dermis in 26 year-old male patient. In the presence of LPS($0.01{\mu}g$, $0.1{\mu}g$, $1.0{\mu}g$), SEB($0.01{\mu}g$, $0.l{\mu}g$, $1.0{\mu}g$) respectively, $cells(5{\times}10^3ml)$ were cultivated in vitro. At 1, 3, and 5 days after incubation, cells were counted. Also, $cells(2.5{\times}10^5ml)$ were cultivated in EMEM with LPS(0.01, 0.1 and $1.0{\mu}g$), SEB(0.01, 0.1 and $1.0{\mu}g$) respectively and $LPS(0.1{\mu}g)$ and $SEB(0.1{\mu}g)$ in combination for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. Culture supernatants were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 days after incubation period and triplicate culture supernatants were pooled and $TGF-{\beta}_1$ was assayed in duplicate. The results were as follows. 1. In gingival fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination, the suppression of cell Proliferation occurred very significantly since 3 days after incubation, compared with the control and the production of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ occurred very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. 2. In facial dermal fibroblast induced with SEB and LPS respectively or in combination, the suppression of cell proliferation occurred very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In SEB exposure, the production of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ was decreased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. However, in LPS, SEB and LPS exposure, the production of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ was increased very significantly at 1 day after incubation, compared with the control. In conclusion, the concentration of bacterial toxins and the incubation period correlated with cell proliferation and production of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ very significantly. The gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts have different phenotype each other The orchestrated understanding of fibroblast proliferation and $TGF-{\beta}_1$ production play an important part in host defense against the bacterial Infection and may prevent tissue necrosis such as necrotizing fasciitis and life-threatening syndrome such as multiple organ failure.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1974

A considerable change of the Korean nursing system has been made during the last decade not only in its philosophy but also in its function and structure to meet political and scientific need of the modern society. The main purpose of this study is to develope the new concept of comprehensive nursing care, both its Philosophy and ethics, as the basic of modern clinical nursing theory and practice. Comprehensive nursing care is the concept of human centered nursing care, and it helps a man to meet the basic physical, psychological, environmental, socioeconomic and teaching needs. It also helps him to help himself to meet these needs. This concept starts from the individualized nursing care and its ultimate goal is to improve a man to have a better position in his own community so that he may able to have a meaningful life. To accomplish this goal, an individualized nursing care plan as a nursing diagnosis and problem solving method should be set up for different patients with similar diagnosis to meet their needs, because each patient has a different social background. from this viewpoint, nursing is a science as well as abstruse humanity. The performance of comprehensive nursing care is a goal and issue of modern clinical nursing care. If nursing is a science and a profession for man, it should have ethics which recognize the dignity of man and offers infinite service voluntarily, and should be able to show leadership in carrying out the nursing responsibility. This leadership finds a person's potential and encourages him to utilize it. Such concepts should develop into a nursing ideology and this ideology should become a priority in comprehensive nursing care. The following statements are the conclusion of this study. 1) Modern nursing has been developed from disease centered nursing care to comprehensive nursing care based on humanity. The primary principle of nursing was to assist in the treatment of disease, but it has been changed to the professional nursing system independently. 2) The concept of nursing is one of continuous or endless scope of dispersion. It proves that nursing is grasping the professional responsibility to be able to coordinate scientific principles Patient health problems are according to scientific principles rather than adhering to nursing technical discipline as a daily work. 3) In chapter I and Ⅱ, the philosophy and ideology of nursing have been discussed and the flow of concept of clinical nursing and the rate of progress which emerges from naturalizing performance of the concept of comprehensive nursing in clinical nursing studied. The discussion developed the theory that a nurse should be to embody nursing ideas and objectives by establishing definite conviction of professions and study. 4) In chapter lil, nursing planning based on nursing diagnosis as a method to attain ideal nursing care for humanity with a definite idea of establishing philosophy of nursing was presented. 5) From the result of survey on patient needs about treatment and nursing, it was observed that all patient had emotional stress from unknown factors. Therefore it was concluded that nurses should not only educate the patient but also give them the opportunity to communicate freely their needs and anxieties. Furthermore complaints and doubts of the patient should be carefully noted and must be considered to meet these needs. 6) Patient teaching is the most important part of comprehensive nursing care. In chapter, Ⅲ, the important of patient teaching was emphasized by demonstrating the effect of patient teaching for diabetic patient. 7) In Chapter Ⅳ, from the result of the study on nurses attitudes to comprehensive nursing care, it was pointed that the evolution of nursing education and the establishment of a complete concept and value of comprehensive nursing was necessary.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for environmental education through the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject in a viewpoint of the clothing & textiles resources to resolve problems in the clothing life area. For this, this study was carried out through review of literature which is related with the consumption, the environmental problems, the environmental policies, and regulations of the government and new environmental technologies, of clothing & textiles industries and environmental education. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) The environmental education system model in a viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was developed. This model system is consisted with interactions on school, government, industry, home and non-government organizations. Thus, the fact that Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject were the most effective subject to teaching the environmental education viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was confirmed. 2) The standards were analysed out to analyse the contents in the clothing area of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject. It were consist of 4 factors and 12 elements under the factors: Awareness of clothing & textile resources(clothing consumption, production of clothing & textile and environmental problems). Planning and buying of clothing(planning, buying), Management of clothing(understand of textile. human body & environment, laundering and Environmental pollution, arrangement & conservation) Recycling & exhaust of clothing(contribution, redesign, recycling, exhaust) 3) Analysing the current Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject from the Environmental education in the clothing section, the environmental education related with clothing were taught the most in the middle school course, and environmental contents were concentrated in the recycling factors. but not so much on other factors. 4) After analysing the Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject, the strategies were suggested for reinforcing the environmental education in the clothing of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.183-203
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• 1998

The wave of Avant-garde swept away all in the unique social background so called 'October Revolution' and the early 1900 Russian society which was able to absorb and accept anything. The Russian avant-garde has been affected by the Cubism and the Futurism those had peculiarly appeared in the early twentieth century, spreaded out to three spheres: the Suprematism, the Rayonism and the Constructivism. The Russian Constructivism has appeared in this background, concretely and ideally ex-pressed the ideology of the revolution into the artistic form and made an huge influence to the whole Russian society. The Constructivist like Tatlin, naum Gabo, Pevaner, Rodchenko, Stepanova, Popova and Exter gave great effect on the Soviet Constructive fashion design in 1920's after the Revolution. The Soviet costume in 1920s hold in common the characteristicss of the Constructive graphic as it is, geometrical and abstractive form, energetic and motility. In fashion design, these graphic qualities have been showed as the application of geometrical form and architectural image, physical distortion and transformation. And in textile design, the simple, dynamical presentation has been appeared. We can classify the Soviet costume at this time into three occasions. The first term is from late 1910 th mid 1920, and it is altered from folk costume design to modern one. With Lamanova as the first on the list, using the folk mitif, the Constructive expression of simple form has been gradually revealed in design. Designers like Makarova, Pribylskaia and Mukhina produced the plane, simple chemise style with the decoration of the Russian traditional motif. From early to late 1920 is the second term, and it is at the pick of the most active processing of the Constructive design. Not only at the costume in daily life but also at the theatrical costume and textile, the con-structive design has been represented all avail-able fields. Many Constructivists including Stepanova, Popova, Exter and Rodchenko took part in the textile design and costume design so as to evlvo their aesthetic concept. The third term is from late 1920 to early 1930. The socialistic realism has dominated over the whole culture and art, the revolutionary dynamic motif has been presented also in textile design. The formative features of Soviet Constructive fashion design are; silhouette, from, motif, color and fabric. The first, the silhouette : a straight rectangular silhouetted has been expressed through the whole period and a volumed one with distorted human body shape has introduced in the theatrical costume design. The second, the form: many lengthened rectangular forms have been made at beginnings, but to the middle period, geometrical, architectural forms have been more showed and there are energy and movement in design. At the last period, only a partial feature-division has been seen. The third, the motif; no pattern or ethnic motif has been partly used at beginnings, a figure like circle, tri-angle has gradually appeared in textile design. At latter period, a real-existent motif like an airplane has been represented with graphing and simplicity. The fourth, the color ; because of insufficient dyeing, neutral color like black or grey color has been mainly covered, but after middle term, a primary color or pastel tone has been seen, contrast of the fabric; without much development of textile industry after the Revolution, thick and durable fabrics have been the main stream, but as time had going to the last period, fabrics such as linen, cotton, velvet and silk have been varously choesn. At the theatrical costume, new materials like plastics and metals that were able to accentuate the form. The pursuit of popularity, simplicity and functionalism that the basic concept of Constructive fashion is one of the "beauty" which has been searching in modern fashion. And now we can appreciate how innovative and epochal this Soviet Constructive fashion movement was.ement was.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.666-671
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• 2003

Dental caries are the most commonly occurring chronic diseases in the dental field. Because of increasing sugar consumption and extension of average human life, these diseases are widely found all over the world as the most typical cause for a person to lose a tooth. Therefore, the development of more effective, substantial and safe preventive agents against dental caries is strongly required. Streptococcus mutans is known as the causative bacterial playing the most important role informing plaque and it is being noticed as major causative bacteria of dental caries. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Asarum sieboldii Miquel(Aristolochiaceae) extracts on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans). Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed concentration dependent inhibitory activity against the growth and acid production of S. mutans, and produced significant inhibition at the concentration of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 μg/ml compared to the control group(p<0.05 - p<0.01). The extracts markedly inhibited S. mutans adherence to HA treated with saliva, and cell adherence was repressed by more than 50% at the concentration of 10 μg/ml and complete inhibition was observed at the concentration of 2,000 μg/ml. On the activity of glucosyltransferase which synthesizes water insoluble glucan from sucrose, methanol and aqueous extracts showed more than 70% inhibition over the concentration of 1,000 μg/ml. Hence, we conclude that Asarum sieboldii might be a candidate of anticaries agent.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.210-220
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• 2015

Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethy-lated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.919-929
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• 2007

In this study, we applied a steam treatment to black sesame to determine the optimum treatment conditions, and also examined the antioxidant effects and quality characteristics. For black sesame gruels, roasting can be used in a variety of ways in cooking to enhance functionality and preference. We found that the solid content increased with the addition of 70% steamed black sesame in the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel samples, and for glutinous black rice-black sesame gruels, solid content was highest with the addition of 50% steamed black sesame. For the chromaticity, the L-value decreased as the addition of steamed black sesame increased in all the black sesame gruels made with the steamed black sesame. With regard to texture, the cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness of the gruels made with steamed black sesame were highest when 60% steamed black sesame was added. The results of the sensory test showed that overall preference was highest for the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel made with 60% steamed black sesame, while the glutinous brown rice-black sesame gruels were preferred with 60% and 70% additions, and the glutinous black rice-black sesame gruel was deemed best with 60% steamed black sesame. The most appropriate ratios of steamed black sesame in the black sesame gruels, with regard to overall quality, are as follows: 60% steamed black sesame for the glutinous rice-black sesame gruel, 60% and 70% steamed black sesame for the glutinous brown rice-black sesame gruel, and 60% steamed black sesame for the glutinous black rice-black sesame gruel.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Liposomes having particle size from several tens to hundreds nanometers are efficient carriers for injectable drug delivery. Enhancement of liposome stability in bloodstream has been studied because of its relatively short circulation time and fast clearance from human body by reticuloendothelial system (RES) in blood vessel. In this study, new disaccharide-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) derivatives in which lactose or sucrose as the disaccharide molecule was conjugated covalently to DSPE were synthesized. Liposomes of which surface had disaccharide molecules were prepared by incorporating the disaccharide-DSPE into liposomes as one of their lipid components. Particle size of the prepared liposomes was approximately 100 nm. The liposomes of which surface were modified with the disaccharide-DSPE showed -25 mV of zeta potential value due to the presence of hydroxyl groups on their surface, while the unmodified control liposomes showed -10 mV of zeta potential value. Loading efficiency of model drug, doxorubicin, into liposomes was about 90%. Stability of the disaccharide-modified liposomes in vitro was evaluated by monitoring the amount of protein adsorption and particle size of the liposomes in serum. Disaccharide-modified liposomes were more stable in serum than unmodified control liposomes or polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes due to less adsorption of serum protein and hence less increase of their particle size. The liposomes of which surface was modified with disaccharide-DSPE conjugate can be used as long-circulating carriers for drugs having high toxicity or short half-life time due to their enhanced stability in blood circulatory system.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.75-100
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• 2006

This treatise puts with ecology that important topic is becoming in Multimedia age today. Is appearing to some meaning that symbol that. Is nature friendship and nature assimilation in korean verse and modern novel. And is the purpose to draw diachronic and synthetic thought between age and genre is forming by ecological imagination how. Our korean verse thinks of nature as residing space, and is singing life that is nature friendship and nature assimilation in relation of indivisibility sto of human and nature. And nature space of metaphor or symbol is forming by ecological imagination in the modern novel. Therefore, these two genres see that traffic is available in diachronic synthetic relation. First, must escape resolutely in ideas that literature is basing in actuality and search the literature-ecological imagination. Therefore, forward literature may have to look for the literature-ecological imagination with many interests to green literature ecology and show image that move constantly. And must approach appearing common view of nature and the literature-ecological imagination in principle of integration of expropriation and production now all round to our literary productions. Therefore, must do so that can be nature friendship and become practical education model that expropriation of ecological literary productions and production activity foster literary sensibility and imagination. Also, lively research and groping about each genre of a Korean literature are to premised in diachronic and synthetic veins I will. Method groping that adapt on New Age as defending peculiar special quality that founder is keeping korean verse with opened thinking may have to be spread more hard. Therefore, genre of novel can may ready the one clue to grope confrontation method naturally to secure new identity in new literature environment of digital age.